Mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki, ibice byinshi PCB (Icapa ryumuzingo wacapwe) bigira uruhare runini. Igishushanyo cyacyo nogukora bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere no kwizerwa byibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho. Iyi ngingo izacengera mubintu byingenzi byingenzi, ibishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango itange icyerekezo cyuzuye. Iyo tubisesenguye, dushobora kumva neza akamaro kayo mubuhanga bwa elegitoroniki.
1, igishushanyo cyibibaho byinshi PCB ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye byo gutondekanya imbaho nyinshi, ahubwo ni disipuline yubuhanga. Mu cyiciro cyo gushushanya, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gusuzuma ni ubunini nubucucike bwumuzunguruko. Hamwe nogukomeza gukurikirana imikorere mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho, ubunini bwumuzunguruko nabwo buragenda bwiyongera, kuburyo igishushanyo cyacyo gikeneye kuba cyujuje ibisabwa byubwinshi bwimikorere myinshi. Muri icyo gihe, ibisabwa mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki nabyo biriyongera, kandi igishushanyo cyacyo gikeneye kwemeza ituze no kwizerwa mu kohereza ibimenyetso.
2, uburyo bwo gukora bwubuyobozi bwa PCB butandukanye nabwo ni igice cyingenzi. Mu cyiciro cyo gukora, inzira nikoranabuhanga bigezweho ni ngombwa. Ukoresheje tekinoroji ya lamination igezweho, ubwiza bwihuza hagati burashobora kunozwa neza kugirango ihererekanyabubasha ryerekana ibimenyetso. Byongeye kandi, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye nabyo ni ibintu bidashobora kwirengagizwa mubikorwa byo gukora, imirima itandukanye ikoreshwa ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kubikoresho, bityo rero birakenewe guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ukurikije ibintu byihariye byakoreshejwe mubikorwa.
3, ibice byinshi bya PCB ikibaho gifite porogaramu zitandukanye mubijyanye na electronics. Mbere ya byose, igira uruhare runini mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nk'ibikoresho by'itumanaho, ibyuma bya mudasobwa n'ibindi. Ubucucike bwacyo bwinshi kandi butajegajega butuma ibyo bikoresho byuzuza neza ibisabwa kubakoresha. Icya kabiri, mubijyanye na elegitoroniki yimodoka, ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki yimodoka, nko kugenda, imyidagaduro nibindi. Bitewe nubwizerwe buhanitse kandi burambye bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yimodoka, imbaho nyinshi za PCB zahindutse ikintu cyingenzi. Mubyongeyeho, yerekanye kandi ibyiza byayo mubijyanye nibikoresho byubuvuzi, kugenzura inganda nibindi.
Ubwa mbere, reka twibande kubikorwa byo gukora PCB ibice bibiri. Ihinguriro rya kijyambere rya PCB rikoresha uburyo bwa kijyambere bwo gutekesha imiti kugirango habeho uburyo bwo kuzenguruka bitwikiriye igishushanyo hejuru yumuringa hanyuma ugakoresha igisubizo cyimiti kugirango ugore ibice udashaka. Iyi nzira ntisaba gusa ibikoresho bihanitse gusa, ahubwo bisaba no kugenzura uburyo bukomeye kugirango ubuziranenge bwifashe neza. Mu iterambere rihoraho ryinganda za PCB, inzira nshya nibikoresho bikomeje kugaragara, bitanga inkunga ikomeye yo kunoza imikorere.
Mubyerekeranye no gusaba, ikibaho cya PCB cyakoreshejwe cyane muburyo bwose bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kuva ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi kugeza kugenzura inganda, kuva mubikoresho byubuvuzi kugeza kuri sisitemu yitumanaho, bigira uruhare runini. Imikorere yayo ihamye yamashanyarazi kandi yizewe ituma iba igice cyingenzi mubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bigezweho. Mugihe kimwe, igishushanyo mbonera cyacyo nacyo gitanga ibishoboka byinshi mubikorwa bitandukanye, kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byihariye byimirima itandukanye kubuyobozi.
Ariko, hamwe no guhanga udushya no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, ibisabwa kubibaho bibiri bya PCB nabyo biriyongera. Mu bihe biri imbere, turashobora gutegereza ibishoboka byose kugira ubucucike buri hejuru kandi igipimo cyinshi cya PCB kibaho kabiri kugira ngo gikemure ibisekuru bishya by'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Iterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho bigezweho hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora bizateza imbere iterambere ryacyo mu cyerekezo cyoroheje kandi cyisumbuyeho, bizugurura umwanya mushya wo guhanga udushya mubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki.
1. Reka dusobanukirwe byimbitse imiterere yihariye yubuyobozi bwa PCB 4.
Ubusanzwe ikibaho kigizwe nibice bibiri byumuyoboro wimbere hamwe nuburyo bubiri bwa substrate yo hanze. Imiyoboro yimbere yimbere ishinzwe guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya elegitoronike kugirango ibe umuzenguruko, mugihe igice cyo hasi cyimbere gikora nkinkunga. Igishushanyo cyemerera abajenjeri ba elegitoronike gutunganya ibice byumuzunguruko byoroshye, kunoza guhuza no gukora byumuzunguruko.
2, ibyiza byuburyo bwa 4-bubiko bwa PCB nibikorwa byayo byiza byo kwigunga.
Igice cyimbere cyimbere gitandukanijwe nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, bitandukanya neza urwego rutandukanye rwibimenyetso. Iyi mikorere yo gutandukanya ibimenyetso nibyingenzi kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigoye, cyane cyane mumashanyarazi menshi hamwe nubucucike bukabije.Mu buryo bwo gushushanya no gushyira mu gaciro byimbere, imbere ya 4 ya PCB ya PCB irashobora kugabanya kwivanga kw'ibimenyetso, kunoza umutekano muke, no kwemeza kwizerwa kwa ibikoresho.
3, 4 igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere ya PCB nayo ifasha ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe gikora, kandi gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze imikorere isanzwe yibikoresho. Ikibaho cya 4-PCB kandi cyongera umuyoboro wubushyuhe bwumuriro wongera urwego rwimbere rwimbere, rufasha kwimura no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ibi bituma ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigumana neza ubushyuhe butajegajega mugihe gikora ibintu byinshi, byongerera igihe cyibikorwa byibikoresho.
4, 4-layer ya PCB yubuyobozi nayo ikora neza mubijyanye na wiring.
Imiyoboro yimbere yimbere itanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gushushanya insinga, kugabanya ikirenge cyumuzunguruko. Ibi nibyingenzi muburyo bworoshye bwa elegitoroniki. Muri icyo gihe, igishushanyo mbonera cya wiring nacyo gitanga amahirwe yo guhuza module zitandukanye zikora, kugirango ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bishobore gukomeza imikorere ikomeye mugihe ari bito.
Imiterere yubuyobozi bwa PCB igizwe na 4 ifite uruhare runini mubuhanga bugezweho bwa elegitoroniki, kandi igishushanyo cyayo cyihariye gitanga imiterere ihindagurika, imikorere ihamye hamwe nogukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, bigatuma biba byiza mubikorwa bitandukanye. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyanse nubuhanga, turashobora kwitega ko imbaho 4 za PCB zerekana urwego runini rwa porogaramu mubice byinshi, bizana udushya twinshi niterambere mubikorwa bya elegitoroniki.
Ufatiye hamwe, ibice byinshi bya PCB nkibice byingenzi mubuhanga bugezweho bwa elegitoroniki, igishushanyo cyayo ninganda ningirakamaro. Mu cyiciro cyo gushushanya umuzenguruko, ubunini nubucucike bwumuzingi bigomba kwitabwaho. Mubyiciro byo gukora, birakenewe gukoresha inzira nikoranabuhanga bigezweho no guhitamo ibikoresho byiza. Ubwoko bwagutse bwa porogaramu bukubiyemo imirima myinshi nk'itumanaho, mudasobwa, n'imodoka, bitanga urufatiro rukomeye rw'imikorere no kwizerwa by'ibikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje ry’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki, igishushanyo mbonera n’inganda bizakomeza guhura n’ibibazo bishya, ariko bizatanga n'umwanya mugari wo guteza imbere ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
