Ikosa risanzwe 17: Ibi bimenyetso bya bisi byose bikururwa nabarwanya, ndumva nduhutse.

Igisubizo cyiza: Hariho impamvu nyinshi zituma ibimenyetso bigomba gukururwa hejuru no hasi, ariko sibyose bigomba gukururwa. Gukurura no gukurura-rezistor ikurura ikimenyetso cyoroshye cyo kwinjiza, kandi ikigezweho ntikiri munsi ya microamperes icumi, ariko mugihe ikimenyetso cyatwarwe gikururwa, ikigezweho kizagera kurwego rwa milliamp. Sisitemu iriho akenshi ifite 32 bits yamakuru ya aderesi imwe, kandi hashobora kubaho Niba bisi 244/245 yitaruye hamwe nibindi bimenyetso bikururwa, watts nkeya yo gukoresha amashanyarazi izakoreshwa kuri bariya barwanya (ntukoreshe igitekerezo cya 80 cente kuri kilowatt-isaha yo kuvura aya watts nkeya yo gukoresha amashanyarazi, impamvu iri hasi Reba).

Ikosa risanzwe 18: Sisitemu yacu ikoreshwa na 220V, ntabwo rero dukeneye kwita kubikoresha.

Igisubizo cyiza: gushushanya ingufu nkeya ntabwo ari ukuzigama ingufu gusa, ahubwo ni no kugabanya ikiguzi cyingufu zamashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha, no kugabanya kwivanga kwimirasire ya electromagnetique n urusaku rwumuriro kubera kugabanuka kwubu. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwigikoresho bugabanutse, ubuzima bwigikoresho bwongerewe kimwe (ubushyuhe bwo gukora bwigikoresho cya semiconductor bwiyongera kuri dogere 10, kandi ubuzima bugabanukaho kimwe cya kabiri). Gukoresha ingufu bigomba gutekerezwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose.

Ikosa risanzwe 19: Gukoresha ingufu ziyi chipi ni bike cyane, ntubyiteho.

Igisubizo cyiza: Biragoye kumenya ingufu zikoreshwa imbere imbere ntabwo bigoye cyane. Igenwa cyane cyane nubu kuri pin. ABT16244 ikoresha munsi ya 1 mA idafite umutwaro, ariko ibipimo byayo ni buri pin. Irashobora gutwara umutwaro wa mA 60 (nko guhuza guhangana na ohm icumi), ni ukuvuga ko imbaraga nyinshi zikoreshwa mumitwaro yuzuye zishobora kugera kuri 60 * 16 = 960mA. Birumvikana, amashanyarazi gusa ni manini cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bugwa kumuzigo.

Ikosa risanzwe 20: Nigute ushobora guhangana nibi byambu I / O bidakoreshwa bya CPU na FPGA? Urashobora gusiga ubusa hanyuma ukabiganiraho nyuma.

Igisubizo cyiza: Niba ibyambu I / O bidakoreshejwe bisigaye bireremba hejuru, birashobora guhinduka inshuro nyinshi ibimenyetso byinjiza byinjira bitavanze biturutse hanze, kandi gukoresha ingufu za ibikoresho bya MOS ahanini biterwa numubare wibikoresho byizunguruka. Niba ikururwa, buri pin nayo izaba ifite microampere yumuyaga, inzira nziza rero nugushiraho nkibisohoka (birumvikana ko ntakindi kimenyetso gifite gutwara gishobora guhuzwa hanze).

Ikosa Rusange 21: Hasigaye inzugi nyinshi kuriyi FPGA, kuburyo ushobora kuyikoresha.

Igisubizo cyiza: Gukoresha ingufu za FGPA biragereranywa numubare wa flip-flops ukoreshwa numubare wa flip, bityo gukoresha ingufu zubwoko bumwe bwa FPGA kumirongo itandukanye nibihe bitandukanye birashobora kuba bitandukanye inshuro 100. Kugabanya umubare wa flip-flops kugirango byihute byihuta nuburyo bwibanze bwo kugabanya ingufu za FPGA.

Ikosa risanzwe 22: Kwibuka bifite ibimenyetso byinshi byo kugenzura. Ikibaho cyanjye gikeneye gusa gukoresha ibimenyetso bya OE na WE. Guhitamo chip bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro, kugirango amakuru asohoke vuba mugihe cyo gusoma.

Igisubizo cyiza: Gukoresha ingufu yibuka byinshi mugihe guhitamo chip bifite agaciro (utitaye kuri OE na WE) bizaba binini inshuro zirenga 100 ugereranije nigihe guhitamo chip bitemewe. Kubwibyo, CS igomba gukoreshwa mugucunga chip bishoboka, nibindi bisabwa bigomba kubahirizwa. Birashoboka kugabanya ubugari bwa chip hitamo pulse.

Ikosa risanzwe 23: Kugabanya gukoresha ingufu nakazi kabakozi bashinzwe ibyuma, kandi ntaho bihuriye na software.

Igisubizo cyiza: Ibyuma nicyiciro gusa, ariko software niyo ikora. Kwinjira hafi ya chip kuri bisi hamwe na flip ya buri kimenyetso bigenzurwa na software. Niba software ishobora kugabanya umubare wokwinjira mububiko bwo hanze (ukoresheje ibintu byinshi byahinduwe byandikwa, Gukoresha byinshi muri CACHE y'imbere, nibindi), igisubizo mugihe gikwiye (guhagarika akenshi ni urwego rwo hasi rukora hamwe no gukurura abarwanya), nibindi ingamba zihariye kubibaho byihariye byose bizagira uruhare runini mukugabanya gukoresha ingufu. Kugirango ikibaho gihinduke neza, ibyuma na software bigomba gufatwa n'amaboko yombi!

Ikosa risanzwe 24: Kuki ibi bimenyetso birenze urugero? Igihe cyose umukino ari mwiza, urashobora kuvaho.

Igisubizo cyiza: Usibye ibimenyetso bike byihariye (nka 100BASE-T, CML), haribisanzwe. Igihe cyose atari kinini cyane, ntabwo byanze bikunze bigomba guhuzwa. Nubwo yaba ihuye, ntabwo byanze bikunze ihuye nibyiza. Kurugero, ibisohoka impedance ya TTL iri munsi ya 50 oms, ndetse hari na 20 oms. Niba ibyo binini binini bihuye byakoreshejwe, ikigezweho kizaba kinini cyane, gukoresha ingufu ntibizemerwa, kandi amplitude yerekana ibimenyetso bizaba bito cyane kuburyo byakoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, ibisohoka impedance yikimenyetso rusange mugihe cyohereza urwego rwo hejuru no gusohora urwego rwo hasi ntabwo arimwe, kandi biranashoboka kugera kubintu byuzuye. Kubwibyo, guhuza TTL, LVDS, 422 nibindi bimenyetso birashobora kwemerwa mugihe cyose igicucu cyagerwaho.