1. Intego yo gushushanya PCB igomba kuba isobanutse. Kumurongo wibimenyetso byingenzi, uburebure bwinsinga nogutunganya ibibanza bigomba kuba bikomeye. Kumurongo wihuta kandi udafite akamaro kumurongo, birashobora gushirwa kumurongo wo hasi wiring. . Ibice by'ingenzi birimo: kugabana amashanyarazi; uburebure busabwa kumasaha yibuka, imirongo igenzura numurongo wamakuru; wiring yumurongo wihuse utandukanye, nibindi Mumushinga A, chip yo kwibuka ikoreshwa mugutahura ububiko bwa DDR nubunini bwa 1G. Amashanyarazi kuri iki gice arakomeye cyane. Ikwirakwizwa rya topologiya yo kugenzura imirongo n'imirongo ya aderesi, hamwe n'uburebure butandukanye bwo kugenzura imirongo n'imirongo y'isaha bigomba gusuzumwa. Mubikorwa, ukurikije urupapuro rwamakuru ya chip hamwe ninshuro nyayo ikora, amategeko yihariye yo kubona arashobora kuboneka. Kurugero, uburebure bwumurongo wamakuru mumatsinda amwe ntibugomba gutandukana kurenza mili nyinshi, kandi itandukaniro ryuburebure hagati ya buri muyoboro ntirishobora kurenza mili. mil n'ibindi. Mugihe ibi bisabwa byagenwe, abashushanya PCB barashobora gusabwa neza kubishyira mubikorwa. Niba ibyangombwa byose byingenzi byerekanwa mubishushanyo bisobanutse, birashobora guhindurwa muburyo rusange bwo kugendagenda, kandi software ikoresha ibikoresho byikora muri CAD irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tumenye igishushanyo cya PCB. Ninzira yiterambere mugushushanya byihuse PCB.

2. Kugenzura no gukemura Mugihe witegura gukuramo ikibaho, menya neza ko ubanza ugenzure neza witonze, reba niba hari imiyoboro ngufi igaragara hamwe na pin tin yananiwe mugihe cyo kugurisha, hanyuma urebe niba hari moderi yibigize yashyizwemo Amakosa, gushyira nabi ya pin ya mbere, kubura inteko, nibindi, hanyuma ukoreshe multimeter kugirango upime ubukana bwa buri mashanyarazi kubutaka kugirango urebe niba hari uruziga rugufi. Iyi ngeso nziza irashobora kwirinda kwangirika kubibaho nyuma yo gukanda vuba. Muburyo bwo gukemura, ugomba kugira ibitekerezo byamahoro. Nibisanzwe cyane guhura nibibazo. Icyo ugomba gukora nukugereranya no gusesengura byinshi, hanyuma ugakuraho buhoro buhoro impamvu zishobora kubaho. Ugomba kwizera udashidikanya ko "byose bishobora gukemurwa" kandi "ibibazo bigomba gukemurwa." Hariho impamvu yabyo ”, kugirango gukemura ibibazo bizagerwaho amaherezo.

3. Amagambo amwe n'incamake Noneho duhereye kuri tekiniki, buri gishushanyo gishobora gukorwa amaherezo, ariko intsinzi yumushinga ntabwo ishingiye kubikorwa bya tekiniki gusa, ahubwo no mugihe cyo kurangiza, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, itsinda Kubwibyo, gukorera hamwe, itumanaho ryumushinga mu mucyo kandi ryeruye, ubushakashatsi bwitondewe niterambere ryiterambere, hamwe nibikoresho byinshi hamwe nogutegura abakozi birashobora gutuma umushinga ugenda neza. Injeniyeri nziza yibikoresho mubyukuri ni umuyobozi wumushinga. Akeneye kuvugana nisi kugirango abone ibisabwa kubishushanyo byabo bwite, hanyuma abivuga muri make kandi abisesengure mubikorwa byihariye byashyizwe mubikorwa. Birakenewe kandi kuvugana nabenshi batanga chip nibisubizo kugirango bahitemo igisubizo kiboneye. Igishushanyo mbonera kirangiye, agomba gutegura abo bakorana kugirango bafatanye gusuzuma no kugenzura, kandi anakorana nabashakashatsi ba CAD kugirango barangize igishushanyo cya PCB. . Mugihe kimwe, tegura urutonde rwa BOM, tangira kugura no gutegura ibikoresho, hanyuma ubaze uruganda rutunganya kugirango urangize ikibaho. Mugihe cyo gukemura, agomba gutegura injeniyeri za software kugirango akemure ibibazo byingenzi hamwe, agafatanya naba injeniyeri b'ibizamini kugirango bakemure ibibazo biboneka mu kizamini, kandi bategereze kugeza ibicuruzwa bitangiriye kurubuga. Niba hari ikibazo, gikeneye gushyigikirwa mugihe. Kubwibyo, kugirango ube umushinga wibyuma, ugomba gukoresha ubuhanga bwiza bwo gutumanaho, ubushobozi bwo kumenyera igitutu, ubushobozi bwo guhuza no gufata ibyemezo mugihe ukemura ibibazo byinshi icyarimwe, hamwe nimyitwarire myiza namahoro. Hariho kandi ubwitonzi nuburemere, kuko uburangare buke mugushushanya ibyuma birashobora guteza igihombo kinini mubukungu. Kurugero, mugihe ikibaho cyateguwe kandi ibyangombwa byo gukora byarangiye mbere, imikorere mibi yatumye ingufu zamashanyarazi hamwe nubutaka buhuza. Muri icyo gihe, nyuma yubuyobozi bwa PCB bwakozwe, bwashyizwe kumurongo utanga umusaruro utabanje kugenzura. Mu gihe cy'ikizamini ni bwo habonetse ikibazo cy'umuzunguruko mugufi, ariko ibice byari bimaze kugurishwa ku kibaho, bivamo igihombo ibihumbi magana. Kubwibyo, ubugenzuzi bwitondewe kandi bukomeye, ibizamini byashinzwe, hamwe no kwiga bidasubirwaho hamwe no kwegeranya birashobora gutuma uwashushanyaga ibyuma akora amajyambere ahoraho, hanyuma akagira ibyo ageraho muruganda.

1. Intego yo gushushanya PCB igomba kuba isobanutse. Kumurongo wibimenyetso byingenzi, uburebure bwinsinga nogutunganya ibibanza bigomba kuba bikomeye. Kumurongo wihuta kandi udafite akamaro kumurongo, birashobora gushirwa kumurongo wo hasi wiring. . Ibice by'ingenzi birimo: kugabana amashanyarazi; uburebure busabwa kumasaha yibuka, imirongo igenzura numurongo wamakuru; wiring yumurongo wihuse utandukanye, nibindi Mumushinga A, chip yo kwibuka ikoreshwa mugutahura ububiko bwa DDR nubunini bwa 1G. Amashanyarazi kuri iki gice arakomeye cyane. Ikwirakwizwa rya topologiya yo kugenzura imirongo n'imirongo ya aderesi, hamwe n'uburebure butandukanye bwo kugenzura imirongo n'imirongo y'isaha bigomba gusuzumwa. Mubikorwa, ukurikije urupapuro rwamakuru ya chip hamwe ninshuro nyayo ikora, amategeko yihariye yo kubona arashobora kuboneka. Kurugero, uburebure bwumurongo wamakuru mumatsinda amwe ntibugomba gutandukana kurenza mili nyinshi, kandi itandukaniro ryuburebure hagati ya buri muyoboro ntirishobora kurenza mili. mil n'ibindi. Mugihe ibi bisabwa byagenwe, abashushanya PCB barashobora gusabwa neza kubishyira mubikorwa. Niba ibyangombwa byose byingenzi byerekanwa mubishushanyo bisobanutse, birashobora guhindurwa muburyo rusange bwo kugendagenda, kandi software ikoresha ibikoresho byikora muri CAD irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tumenye igishushanyo cya PCB. Ninzira yiterambere mugushushanya byihuse PCB.

2. Kugenzura no gukemura Mugihe witegura gukuramo ikibaho, menya neza ko ubanza ugenzure neza witonze, reba niba hari imiyoboro ngufi igaragara hamwe na pin tin yananiwe mugihe cyo kugurisha, hanyuma urebe niba hari moderi yibigize yashyizwemo Amakosa, gushyira nabi ya pin ya mbere, kubura inteko, nibindi, hanyuma ukoreshe multimeter kugirango upime ubukana bwa buri mashanyarazi kubutaka kugirango urebe niba hari uruziga rugufi. Iyi ngeso nziza irashobora kwirinda kwangirika kubibaho nyuma yo gukanda vuba. Muburyo bwo gukemura, ugomba kugira ibitekerezo byamahoro. Nibisanzwe cyane guhura nibibazo. Icyo ugomba gukora nukugereranya no gusesengura byinshi, hanyuma ugakuraho buhoro buhoro impamvu zishobora kubaho. Ugomba kwizera udashidikanya ko "byose bishobora gukemurwa" kandi "ibibazo bigomba gukemurwa." Hariho impamvu yabyo ”, kugirango gukemura ibibazo bizagerwaho amaherezo.

3. Amagambo amwe n'incamake Noneho duhereye kuri tekiniki, buri gishushanyo gishobora gukorwa amaherezo, ariko intsinzi yumushinga ntabwo ishingiye kubikorwa bya tekiniki gusa, ahubwo no mugihe cyo kurangiza, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, itsinda Kubwibyo, gukorera hamwe, itumanaho ryumushinga mu mucyo kandi ryeruye, ubushakashatsi bwitondewe niterambere ryiterambere, hamwe nibikoresho byinshi hamwe nogutegura abakozi birashobora gutuma umushinga ugenda neza. Injeniyeri nziza yibikoresho mubyukuri ni umuyobozi wumushinga. Akeneye kuvugana nisi kugirango abone ibisabwa kubishushanyo byabo bwite, hanyuma abivuga muri make kandi abisesengure mubikorwa byihariye byashyizwe mubikorwa. Birakenewe kandi kuvugana nabenshi batanga chip nibisubizo kugirango bahitemo igisubizo kiboneye. Igishushanyo mbonera kirangiye, agomba gutegura abo bakorana kugirango bafatanye gusuzuma no kugenzura, kandi anakorana nabashakashatsi ba CAD kugirango barangize igishushanyo cya PCB. . Mugihe kimwe, tegura urutonde rwa BOM, tangira kugura no gutegura ibikoresho, hanyuma ubaze uruganda rutunganya kugirango urangize ikibaho. Mugihe cyo gukemura, agomba gutegura injeniyeri za software kugirango akemure ibibazo byingenzi hamwe, agafatanya naba injeniyeri b'ibizamini kugirango bakemure ibibazo biboneka mu kizamini, kandi bategereze kugeza ibicuruzwa bitangiriye kurubuga. Niba hari ikibazo, gikeneye gushyigikirwa mugihe. Kubwibyo, kugirango ube umushinga wibyuma, ugomba gukoresha ubuhanga bwiza bwo gutumanaho, ubushobozi bwo kumenyera igitutu, ubushobozi bwo guhuza no gufata ibyemezo mugihe ukemura ibibazo byinshi icyarimwe, hamwe nimyitwarire myiza namahoro. Hariho kandi ubwitonzi nuburemere, kuko uburangare buke mugushushanya ibyuma birashobora guteza igihombo kinini mubukungu. Kurugero, mugihe ikibaho cyateguwe kandi ibyangombwa byo gukora byarangiye mbere, imikorere mibi yatumye ingufu zamashanyarazi hamwe nubutaka buhuza. Muri icyo gihe, nyuma yubuyobozi bwa PCB bwakozwe, bwashyizwe kumurongo utanga umusaruro utabanje kugenzura. Mu gihe cy'ikizamini ni bwo habonetse ikibazo cy'umuzunguruko mugufi, ariko ibice byari bimaze kugurishwa ku kibaho, bivamo igihombo ibihumbi magana. Kubwibyo, ubugenzuzi bwitondewe kandi bukomeye, ibizamini byashinzwe, hamwe no kwiga bidasubirwaho hamwe no kwegeranya birashobora gutuma uwashushanyaga ibyuma akora amajyambere ahoraho, hanyuma akagira ibyo ageraho muruganda.