Kubireba imiterere ya PCB hamwe nikibazo cyo gukoresha insinga, uyumunsi ntituzavuga kubyerekeye isesengura ryuburinganire bwibimenyetso (SI), isesengura rya electromagnetic ihuza (EMC), isesengura ryimbaraga zimbaraga (PI). Gusa kuvuga kubyerekeye isesengura ryibikorwa (DFM), igishushanyo kidafite ishingiro cyo gukora nacyo kizananira kunanirwa gushushanya ibicuruzwa.
Intsinzi ya DFM muburyo bwa PCB itangirana no gushyiraho amategeko agenga ibishushanyo mbonera byingenzi bya DFM. Amategeko ya DFM yerekanwe hepfo yerekana bumwe mubushobozi bwo kugishushanyo mbonera cya none ababikora benshi bashobora kubona. Menya neza ko imipaka yashyizweho mu mategeko agenga igishushanyo cya PCB itayarenga kugira ngo ibishushanyo mbonera bisanzwe bishoboke.

Ikibazo cya DFM cyurugendo rwa PCB biterwa nuburyo bwiza bwa PCB, kandi amategeko yo kugendana arashobora gutegurwa, harimo numubare wigihe cyo kugunama kumurongo, umubare wibyobo bitwara, umubare wintambwe, nibindi. Mubisanzwe, insinga zubushakashatsi zirakorwa. hanze mbere guhuza imirongo migufi byihuse, hanyuma insinga ya labyrint ikorwa. Inzira yoguhindura inzira kwisi yose ikorwa kumigozi igomba gushyirwaho mbere, kandi re-wiring igerageza kunoza ingaruka rusange nibikorwa bya DFM.

1.SMT ibikoresho
Umwanya wibikoresho byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, kandi mubisanzwe birenze 20mil kubikoresho byashizwe hejuru, 80mil kubikoresho bya IC, na 200mi kubikoresho bya BGA. Kugirango uzamure ubuziranenge numusaruro wibikorwa, umwanya wibikoresho urashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byinteko.

Mubisanzwe, intera iri hagati ya SMD yamapine yibikoresho igomba kuba irenze 6mil, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhimba ikiraro cyagurishijwe ni 4mil. Niba intera iri hagati ya padi ya SMD iri munsi ya 6mil kandi intera iri hagati yidirishya ryabagurisha iri munsi ya 4mil, ikiraro cyabacuruzi ntigishobora kugumana, bikavamo ibice binini byabagurisha (cyane cyane hagati yipine) mugikorwa cyo guterana, bizayobora Kuri Inzira ngufi.

Igikoresho cya DIP
Umwanya wa pin, icyerekezo hamwe nintera yibikoresho murwego rwo kugurisha imiraba bigomba kwitabwaho. Umwanya wa pin udahagije wibikoresho bizaganisha ku kugurisha amabati, bizaganisha kumuzingo mugufi.

Abashushanya benshi bagabanya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho biri kumurongo (THTS) cyangwa kubishyira kuruhande rumwe. Ariko, ibikoresho biri kumurongo akenshi ntibishobora kwirindwa. Mugihe cyo guhuza, niba igikoresho cyo kumurongo gishyizwe kumurongo wo hejuru naho igikoresho gishyizwe kumurongo wo hasi, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, bizagira ingaruka kumurongo umwe wo kugurisha. Muri iki kibazo, uburyo bwo gusudira buhenze cyane, nko guhitamo gusudira, bikoreshwa.

3.intera iri hagati yibigize hamwe nisahani
Niba ari imashini yo gusudira, intera iri hagati yibikoresho bya elegitoronike nuruhande rwibibaho muri rusange ni 7mm (abakora imashini zitandukanye zo gusudira bafite ibyo basabwa bitandukanye), ariko irashobora no kongerwaho muburyo bwo gutunganya PCB, kugirango ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bibe shyirwa ku kibaho cya PCB, igihe cyose byoroshye gukoresha insinga.

Ariko, mugihe inkombe yisahani isuditswe, irashobora guhura na gari ya moshi iyobora imashini ikangiza ibice. Igikoresho cyibikoresho kumpera yisahani kizakurwaho mubikorwa byo gukora. Niba padi ari nto, ubuziranenge bwo gusudira buzagira ingaruka.

4.Kutandukanya ibikoresho byo hejuru / bike
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike, imiterere itandukanye, hamwe nimirongo itandukanye yo kuyobora, kuburyo hariho itandukaniro muburyo bwo guteranya imbaho ​​zacapwe. Imiterere myiza ntishobora gutuma imashini ikora gusa, igahungabana, kugabanya ibyangiritse, ariko kandi irashobora kubona ingaruka nziza kandi nziza imbere muri mashini.

Ibikoresho bito bigomba kubikwa ahantu runaka hafi yibikoresho birebire. Intera igikoresho kijyanye n'uburebure bw'igikoresho ni gito, hari umuyaga utanga ubushyuhe, ushobora gutera ibyago byo gusudira nabi cyangwa gusanwa nyuma yo gusudira.

5.Gukoresha umwanya wibikoresho
Muri rusange gutunganya smt, ni ngombwa kuzirikana amakosa amwe n'amwe yo gushiraho imashini, kandi ukazirikana uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga no kugenzura amashusho. Ibice bibiri byegeranye ntibigomba kuba hafi kandi intera runaka yumutekano igomba gusigara.

Umwanya uri hagati yibigize flake, SOT, SOIC nibice bya flake ni 1.25mm. Umwanya uri hagati yibigize flake, SOT, SOIC nibice bya flake ni 1.25mm. 2.5mm hagati ya PLCC nibice bya flake, SOIC na QFP. 4mm hagati ya PLCCS. Mugushushanya socket ya PLCC, hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango wemererwe ubunini bwa sock ya PLCC (pin ya PLCC iri imbere munsi ya sock).

6.Uburebure / umurongo intera
Kubashushanya, mugikorwa cyo gushushanya, ntidushobora gutekereza gusa kubyukuri no gutunganywa kubishushanyo mbonera, hariho imbogamizi nini ni inzira yo gukora. Ntibishoboka ko uruganda rwubuyobozi rushyiraho umurongo mushya wo kubyara ibicuruzwa byiza.

Mubihe bisanzwe, ubugari bwumurongo wumurongo wo hasi bugenzurwa kuri 4 / 4mil, kandi umwobo watoranijwe kuba 8mil (0.2mm). Ahanini, ibice birenga 80% byabakora PCB barashobora kubyara umusaruro, kandi igiciro cyumusaruro nicyo gito. Uburebure bwumurongo ntarengwa nuburebure bwumurongo birashobora kugenzurwa kuri 3 / 3mil, na 6mil (0.15mm) birashobora gutoranywa binyuze mumwobo. Ahanini, abakora PCB barenga 70% barashobora kuyibyaza umusaruro, ariko igiciro kiri hejuru gato ugereranije nurubanza rwa mbere, ntabwo kiri hejuru cyane.

7.Mu mfuruka ikaze / Inguni iburyo
Inzira ikarishye irabujijwe muri wiring, iburyo bwa Angle burasabwa muri rusange kugirango wirinde ikibazo cyoguhuza PCB, kandi kimaze kuba kimwe mubipimo byo gupima ubwiza bwinsinga. Kuberako ubusugire bwikimenyetso bugira ingaruka, insinga yiburyo izabyara ubundi bushobozi bwa parasitike na inductance.

Mubikorwa byo gukora plaque ya PCB, insinga za PCB zirahurira kuri Angle ikaze, bizatera ikibazo cyitwa aside Angle. Mumuhuza wumurongo wa pcb, kwangirika gukabije kwumuzunguruko wa pcb bizaterwa kuri "aside Angle", bikavamo ikibazo cyumuzunguruko wa pcb. Kubwibyo, injeniyeri za PCB zigomba kwirinda inguni zikarishye cyangwa zidasanzwe mu nsinga, kandi zigakomeza Inguni ya dogere 45 ku mfuruka y'insinga.

8.Umuringa / ikirwa
Niba ari umuringa munini uhagije, uzahinduka antenne, ishobora gutera urusaku nizindi nkomyi imbere mu kibaho (kubera ko umuringa wacyo udahagaze - bizahinduka ibimenyetso).

Imirongo y'umuringa n'ibirwa ni ibice byinshi biringaniye byumuringa ureremba ubusa, bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye mumashanyarazi. Uduce duto twumuringa tuzwiho guca kuri PCB no gutembera mu tundi turere twometse ku kibaho, bigatera uruziga rugufi.

9.Impeta nini yo gucukura
Impeta y'umwobo bivuga impeta y'umuringa ikikije umwobo. Bitewe nokwihanganirana mubikorwa byo gukora, nyuma yo gucukura, gutobora, no gusya umuringa, impeta yumuringa isigaye ikikije umwobo wimyitozo ntishobora guhora ikubita hagati ya padi neza, ishobora gutuma impeta yumwobo imeneka.

Uruhande rumwe rwimpeta yumwobo rugomba kuba rurenze 3.5mil, naho impeta icomeka igomba kuba irenze 6mil. Impeta y'umwobo ni nto cyane. Mubikorwa byo gukora no gukora, umwobo wo gucukura ufite kwihanganira kandi guhuza umurongo nabyo bifite kwihanganira. Gutandukana kwihanganira bizaganisha ku mpeta y'umwobo isenya uruziga.

10.Amosozi atonyanga
Ongeraho amarira kumurongo wa PCB birashobora gutuma imiyoboro yumuzunguruko ku kibaho cya PCB ihagarara neza, yizewe cyane, kuburyo sisitemu izaba ihagaze neza, bityo rero birakenewe kongeramo amarira kubibaho.

Kwiyongera kumatonyanga yamosozi birashobora kwirinda guhagarika aho uhurira hagati yinsinga na padi cyangwa insinga nu mwobo windege mugihe ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyatewe nimbaraga nini zo hanze. Iyo wongeyeho ibitonyanga byamarira muri gusudira, birashobora kurinda padi, ukirinda gusudira inshuro nyinshi kugirango padi igwe, kandi wirinde gutobora kutaringaniye hamwe no guturika biterwa no gutandukana nu mwobo mugihe cyo kubyara.