Kubijyanye n'imiterere ya PCB no Kwizinga, Uyu munsi Ntabwo tuzavuga ku isesengura ry'uburinganire (SI), Isesengura ry'amatora yo guhuza (EMC), Isesengura ry'amashanyarazi (PI). Gusa uvuga isesengura ryakozwe (DFM), igishushanyo mbonera cyibikorwa bizanaganisha ku kunanirwa kw'ibicuruzwa.
DFM yatsinze muri progaramu ya PCB itangirana no gushinga amategeko yo gushushanya kugirango ubaze inzitizi za DFM. Amategeko ya DFM yerekanwe hepfo yerekana bimwe mubushobozi bwo gushushanya ubuso bwiki gihe abakora benshi bashobora kubona. Menya neza ko imipaka yashizwe mu mategeko ya PCB itayirenga ku buryo ibibuza bisanzwe bishobora kugengwa.
Ikibazo cya DFM cya PCB biterwa nuburyo bwiza bwa PCB, kandi amategeko agenga umurongo arashobora guteganya, harimo numubare winzoka, nibindi bikorwa bikozwe mbere kugirango uhuze imirongo migufi vuba, hanyuma usangire. Inzira Yisi Yisi yose irakorwa ku nsinga zashyizweho mbere, hanyuma wongere ugerageze kunoza ingaruka rusange na DFMbibi.
1.Ibikoresho bya 1.SMT
Igikoresho imiterere yerekana guhura nibisabwa mu iteraniro, kandi muri rusange birarenze 20mil kubikoresho byinjira hejuru, 80mil kubikoresho bya IC, na 200mi kubikoresho bya Bga. Kugirango utezimbere ubuziranenge n'umusaruro wibikorwa byumusaruro, igikoresho gishobora kubahiriza ibisabwa.
Mubisanzwe, intera iri hagati yipine ya smd yibikoresho bigomba kuba birenze 6mil, hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhimba ikiraro cyumugurisha ni 4mil. Niba intera iri hagati ya smd padi iri munsi ya 6mil kandi intera iri hagati yidirishya ryumugurisha iri munsi ya 4mil, cyane cyane hagati yitsinda) muburyo bugufi.
2.Dip Igikoresho
Igice cya PIN, icyerekezo na spacing yibikoresho muburyo bwo kugurisha hejuru bwo kugurisha bugomba kwitabwaho. Igice kidahagije cya PIN igikoresho kizaganisha ku kugurisha amabati, bizaganisha kumuzunguruko mugufi.
Abashushanya benshi bagabanya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byo kumurongo (thts) cyangwa kubishyira kuruhande rumwe rwinama. Ariko, ibikoresho byumuryango akenshi ntibishoboka. Kubijyanye no guhuza, niba igikoresho cyo hejuru gishyizwe kumurongo wo hejuru nigikoresho cya patch gishyizwe kumurongo wo hasi, mubihe bimwe, bizagira ingaruka kumuraba wuruhushya. Muri iki kibazo, inzira yo gusudira ihenze, nko gusudira guhitamo, irakoreshwa.
3. Intera iri hagati yibigize hamwe nisahani
Niba ari imashini gusudira, intera iri hagati yibice bya elegitoronike hamwe nimpande zubuyobozi muri rusange 7mm (abakora basumbuye bisabwa.
Ariko, iyo inkombe yisahani irasuye, irashobora guhura na gari ya moshi ya mashini kandi yangiza ibice. Igikoresho gipakiye ku isahani bizakurwaho muburyo bwo gukora. Niba padi ari nto, ireme ryo gusudira rizagira ingaruka.
4.Gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi / bike
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibigize hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imiterere itandukanye, hamwe nimirongo itandukanye, rero hariho itandukaniro muburyo bwo guterana. Imiterere myiza ntishobora gukora imashini ikora gusa, ibimenyetso bifatika, kugabanya ibyangiritse, ariko nanone birashobora kubona ingaruka nziza kandi nziza imbere muri mashini.
Ibikoresho bito bigomba kubikwa ahantu runaka hirya no hino. Igikoresho intera yibikoresho byigikoresho ni gito, hari umuraba utagira ubushyuhe utagereranywa, bishobora gutera ibyago byo gusudira cyangwa gusana nyuma yo gusudira.
5.Bitanga ibikoresho
Muri rusange, birakenewe kuzirikana amakosa amwe mugushiraho imashini, kandi uzirikana ibyoroshye yo kubungabunga no kugenzura. Ibice bibiri byegeranye ntibigomba kuba hafi cyane kandi intera imwe itekanye igomba gusigara.
Umwanya uri hagati yibigize flake, sot, ibice byikirere no kuri flake ni 1.25mm. Umwanya uri hagati yibigize flake, sot, ibice byikirere no kuri flake ni 1.25mm. 2.5mm hagati ya plcc nibigize flake, finic na qfp. 4mm hagati ya PRICCS. Iyo ushushanyije PLCT SPRICT, hagomba kwitabwaho kugirango yemere ingano ya Plcc Socket (PLC PIN iri imbere yisanduku).
6. Umurongo wimikino / umurongo
Ku bashushanya, mu nzira yo gushushanya, ntidushobora gutekereza gusa ko ari ukuri no gutungana kw'ibipimo ngenderwaho, habaho ibikorwa binini ni inzira yo gukora. Ntibishoboka ko uruganda rwinama rukora umurongo mushya wo kubyara kugirango uvuka ibicuruzwa byiza.
Mubihe bisanzwe, umurongo wumurongo wumurongo ugenzurwa kuri 4/1mil, kandi umwobo watoranijwe kuba 8mil (0.2mm). Ahanini, abantu barenga 80% byabakora PCB barashobora gutanga umusaruro, kandi igiciro cyumusaruro nicyo gito. Umurongo ntarengwa n'umurongo intera urashobora kugenzurwa na 3 / 3mil, na 6mil (0.15mm) birashobora gutoranywa binyuze mu mwobo. Ahanini, abakora 70% PCB barashobora gutanga umusaruro, ariko igiciro kiri hejuru cyane kurenza urubanza rwa mbere, ntabwo ari hejuru cyane.
7.an inguni ikaze / inguni iburyo
Inzira ityaye irabujijwe muri rusange mubyifuzo, inguni yiburyo irasabwa kwirinda ikibazo muri progaramu muri PCB, kandi hafi kuba imwe mu mahame yo gupima ireme ryinshi. Kuberako ubusugire bwikimenyetso bigira ingaruka, uwle-antle wiring izabyara ubushobozi bwinyongera no kwinjiza.
Muburyo bwa plate-gukora, gukora insinga za PCB ihuza kuruhande, bizatera ikibazo cyinguvu. Muri PCB yumuzunguruko wa etching, ruswa ikabije ya pCB yumuzunguruko izaterwa kuri "aside inguni", bikavamo ikibazo cya PCB. Kubwibyo, injeniyeri ya PCB igomba kwirinda inguni ityaye cyangwa idasanzwe mubyifuzo, kandi iburiza impande enye 45 ku mfuruka yinfuti.
8.Umurongo / ikirwa
Niba ari umuringa munini uhagije, bizahinduka antenna, bishobora gutera urusaku nibindi kwivanga mukibaho (kubera ko umuringa wacyo ntuhinduka umukunzi).
Imirongo yumuringa nibirwa ni byinshi biringaniye umuringa ureremba-kureremba kubuntu, bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye muri acide. Ibibanza bito byumuringa byamenyekanye ko bimaze gucamo akanama ka PCB hanyuma ugende mu tundi turere twatsindiye kumwanya, bigatera umuzunguruko mugufi.
9.Mora impeta yo gucukura
Impeta ya Hole yerekeza ku mpeta y'umuringa ikikije umwobo wo gucukura. Bitewe no kwihanganira inzira yo gukora, nyuma yo gucukura, esching, hamwe na popper, impeta yumuringa isigaye izenguruka umwobo winoco ntabwo ihita ikubita ingingo nziza, ishobora gutera impeta yo gusiga umwobo.
Uruhande rumwe rwumwobo rugomba kuba rurenze 3,5mil, no gucomeka impeta yamwobo igomba kuba irenze 6mil. Impeta ya Hole ni nto cyane. Muburyo bwo gukora no gukora, umwobo wo gucukura ufite kwihanganira no guhuza umurongo nawo urohama. Gutandukana kw'ibipfunga bizaganisha ku mpeta yamwobo kumena umuzenguruko.
10.Ibitonyanga byamarira yinyo
Kwiyongera kuri PCB Inyenzi zirashobora gukora ihuriro ryumuzunguruko ku kibaho cya PCB gihamye cyane, kwizerwa cyane, kugirango sisitemu ikomeze, ni ngombwa rero kongera amarira mu kibaho cy'akarere.
Ongeraho ibitonyanga byamarira birashobora kwirinda guhagarika ingingo zitunganijwe hagati yinsinga na padi cyangwa insinga numwobo wumuderevu mugihe inama yumuzunguruko igira ingaruka nini. Mugihe wongeyeho amarira kugirango usuhereze, birashobora kurinda urusaku, kwirinda gusudira byinshi kugirango padi igwe, kandi wirinde ibyokurya bitaringaniye no guhagarara biterwa nuwo musaruro.
