1 - Gukoresha tekinike ya Hybrid
Amategeko rusange ni ukugabanya imikoreshereze yubuhanga bwo guteranya no kubagabanya mubihe byihariye. Kurugero, inyungu zo kwinjiza ikintu kimwe cyanyuze mu mwobo (PTH) ntizigera zishyurwa nigiciro cyinyongera nigihe gikenewe cyo guterana. Ahubwo, gukoresha ibice byinshi bya PTH cyangwa kubikuraho burundu mubishushanyo nibyiza kandi neza. Niba tekinoroji ya PTH isabwa, birasabwa gushyira ibice byose bigize ibice kuruhande rumwe rwumuzingo wacapwe, bityo bikagabanya igihe gikenewe cyo guterana.

2 - Ingano yibigize
Mugihe cyibishushanyo mbonera bya PCB, ni ngombwa guhitamo ingano yububiko bukwiye kuri buri kintu. Muri rusange, ugomba guhitamo gusa pake niba ufite impamvu zemewe; bitabaye ibyo, jya kuri pake nini. Mubyukuri, abashushanya ibikoresho bya elegitoronike akenshi bahitamo ibice bifite udupaki duto bidakenewe, bigatera ibibazo bishoboka mugihe cyinteko hamwe nibishobora guhinduka. Ukurikije urugero rwimpinduka zisabwa, mubihe bimwe na bimwe birashobora kuba byiza kongera guteranya ikibaho cyose aho gukuraho no kugurisha ibice bikenewe.

3 - Umwanya wibigize
Ibirenge bigize ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyo guterana. Kubwibyo, abashushanya PCB bagomba kwemeza ko buri paki yaremye neza ukurikije imiterere yubutaka bwerekanwe kuri buri rupapuro rwibanze. Ikibazo nyamukuru cyatewe nibirenge bitari byo ni ukubaho kwitwa "ingaruka yimva", bizwi kandi nka Manhattan cyangwa ingaruka ya alligator. Iki kibazo kibaho mugihe ibice byahujwe byakira ubushyuhe butaringaniye mugihe cyo kugurisha, bigatuma ibice byahujwe bikomera kuri PCB kuruhande rumwe aho kuba byombi. Ikintu cyo ku mva kigira ingaruka cyane cyane kubice bya SMD byoroshye nka rezistoriste, capacator, na inductor. Impamvu ibaho ni ubushyuhe butaringaniye. Impamvu ni izi zikurikira:

Ibipimo byubutaka bifitanye isano nibice ntabwo aribyo Amplitude zitandukanye zumuhanda uhujwe nudupapuro tubiri twibigize Ubugari bwagutse bwagutse cyane, bukora nkubushyuhe.

4 - Gutandukanya ibice
Imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zitera PCB kunanirwa ni umwanya udahagije hagati yibice biganisha ku bushyuhe bukabije. Umwanya ni umutungo wingenzi, cyane cyane mugihe cyumuzunguruko utoroshye ugomba kuba wujuje ibisabwa bigoye. Gushyira igice kimwe cyegereye ibindi bice bishobora gutera ubwoko bwibibazo bitandukanye, ubukana bwabyo bushobora gusaba impinduka muburyo bwa PCB cyangwa mubikorwa byo gukora, guta igihe no kongera ibiciro.

Mugihe ukoresheje imashini ikora hamwe nimashini zipima, menya neza ko buri kintu kiri kure cyane yimashini, impande zumuzunguruko, nibindi bice byose. Ibice byegeranye cyane cyangwa bizunguruka nabi nisoko yibibazo mugihe cyo kugurisha imiraba. Kurugero, niba igice cyo hejuru kibanziriza uburebure buke munsi yinzira ikurikirwa nu muhengeri, ibi birashobora gukora "igicucu" kigabanya intege nke. Inzira zuzuzanya zizunguruka perpendicular kuri buriwese bizagira ingaruka zimwe.

5 - Urutonde rwibigize rwavuguruwe
Umushinga wibice (BOM) nikintu gikomeye muburyo bwa PCB no guterana. Mubyukuri, niba BOM irimo amakosa cyangwa amakosa, uwabikoze arashobora guhagarika icyiciro cyo guterana kugeza ibyo bibazo bikemutse. Bumwe mu buryo bwo kwemeza ko BOM ihora ikosora kandi igezweho ni ugukora isuzuma ryuzuye rya BOM igihe cyose igishushanyo cya PCB kivugururwa. Kurugero, niba ikintu gishya cyongewe kumushinga wambere, ugomba kugenzura ko BOM ivugururwa kandi ihamye winjiza umubare wibigize neza, ibisobanuro, nagaciro.

6 - Gukoresha ingingo za datum
Ingingo ya Fiducial, izwi kandi nk'ibimenyetso bya fiducial, ni ishusho y'umuringa izengurutswe ikoreshwa nk'ibimenyetso ku mashini ziteranya hamwe. Fiducials ituma izo mashini zikoresha zimenyekanisha icyerekezo cyubuyobozi no guteranya neza ibice bito byubuso bwububiko nka Quad Flat Pack (QFP), Ball Grid Array (BGA) cyangwa Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN).

Fiducials igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: ibimenyetso bya fiducial kwisi n'ibimenyetso bya fiducial. Ibimenyetso bya fiducial kwisi bishyirwa kumpande za PCB, bigatuma imashini zitoranya zigashyira imashini kumenya icyerekezo cyubuyobozi bwindege ya XY. Ibimenyetso bya fiducial byegereye hafi yimfuruka yibice bya SMD bikoreshwa na mashini yo gushyira kugirango ihagarike neza ikirenge cyacyo, bityo bigabanye amakosa yibirindiro mugihe cyo guterana. Ingingo za Datum zigira uruhare runini mugihe umushinga urimo ibice byinshi byegeranye. Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana ikibaho cya Arduino Uno hamwe nibintu bibiri byerekanwa kwisi byerekanwe mumutuku.