Ibikoresho byumuzunguruko byishingikiriza kumiyoboro yo murwego rwohejuru nibikoresho bya dielectric kugirango uhuze ibice bigezweho bigezweho kugirango bikore neza. Nyamara, nk'abayobora, aba PCB bayobora umuringa, baba DC cyangwa mm Ikibaho cya Wave PCB, bakeneye kurinda-gusaza no kwirinda okiside. Uku kurinda kurashobora kugerwaho muburyo bwa electrolysis hamwe no gutwika. Akenshi batanga urwego rutandukanye rwubushobozi bwo gusudira, kuburyo nubwo hamwe nibice bito-bito, micro-surface mount (SMT), nibindi, ahantu hashobora gusudira cyane. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura no kuvura hejuru bishobora gukoreshwa kumashanyarazi ya PCB munganda. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga nigiciro cya buri coating hamwe no kuvura hejuru biradufasha guhitamo neza kugirango tugere kumikorere ihanitse kandi igihe kirekire cyubuzima bwa burebure bwa PCB.
Guhitamo PCB kurangiza ntabwo ari inzira yoroshye isaba gusuzuma intego ya PCB hamwe nakazi keza. Icyerekezo kigezweho cyapakiwe cyane, mukibanza gito, cyihuta cyumuzunguruko wa PCB hamwe na ntoya, yoroheje, yihuta cyane PCBS itera ibibazo kubakora PCB benshi. Imiyoboro ya PCB ikorwa binyuze muri laminates yuburemere butandukanye bwumuringa hamwe nubunini bwahawe abakora PCB nabakora ibikoresho, nka Rogers, hanyuma bagatunganya izo laminate muburyo butandukanye bwa PCBS kugirango bakoreshe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Hatariho uburyo bumwe bwo kurinda ubuso, abayobora kumuzunguruko bazahinduka okiside mugihe cyo kubika. Kuyobora hejuru yubuyobozi bukora nkinzitizi itandukanya umuyobozi nu bidukikije. Ntabwo irinda gusa umuyobozi wa PCB okiside, ahubwo inatanga intera yo gusudira imiyoboro hamwe nibigize, harimo no kuyobora imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro (ics).
Hitamo ubuso bukwiye bwa PCB
Ubuvuzi bukwiye bugomba gufasha guhura na PCB yumuzunguruko hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora. Igiciro kiratandukanye bitewe nibiciro bitandukanye, inzira zitandukanye nubwoko burangiza busabwa. Bimwe mubikorwa byo kuvura byemerera kwizerwa cyane no kwigunga cyane kumuzunguruko wuzuye, mugihe izindi zishobora gukora ibiraro bitari ngombwa hagati yabayobora. Ubuvuzi bumwe na bumwe bwujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mu gisirikare no mu kirere, nk'ubushyuhe, guhungabana no kunyeganyega, mu gihe ibindi bitemeza ko byiringirwa cyane bisabwa muri izo porogaramu. Kurutonde hano haribintu bimwe na bimwe bivura PCB bishobora gukoreshwa mumuzunguruko kuva kumuzunguruko wa DC kugeza kuri milimetero-umurongo wa bande hamwe numuyoboro wihuse wa digitale (HSD):
● ENIG
ENEPIG
AS HASL
Ifeza yo kwibiza
In Amabati
F LF HASL
● OSP
Gold Zahabu ya electrolytike
Zahabu ya elegitoronike ihujwe na zahabu yoroshye
1.ENIG
ENIG, izwi kandi nka chimique nikel-zahabu, ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya hejuru yubuyobozi bwa PCB. Ubu ni uburyo bworoshye bworoshye buhendutse bugizwe na zahabu yoroheje yo gusudira hejuru ya nikel hejuru yumurongo wa kiyobora, bikavamo ubuso buringaniye hamwe nubushobozi bwiza bwo gusudira ndetse no kumuzinga wuzuye. Nubwo inzira ya ENIG yemeza ubusugire bwa electroplating (PTH), byongera igihombo cyumuyoboro mwinshi. Ubu buryo bufite ubuzima burebure, bujyanye nubuziranenge bwa RoHS, uhereye kubatunganya ibicuruzwa byumuzunguruko, kugeza kubikorwa byo guteranya ibice, kimwe nibicuruzwa byanyuma, birashobora gutanga uburinzi bwigihe kirekire kubayobora PCB, kuburyo benshi mubateza imbere PCB bahitamo a ubuvuzi busanzwe.
2.ENEPIG
ENEPIG ni ukuzamura inzira ya ENIG wongeyeho palladium yoroheje hagati ya nikel ya chimique nikibaho cya zahabu. Igice cya palladium kirinda nikel (irinda umuyoboro wumuringa), naho urwego rwa zahabu rukingira palladium na nikel. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura nibyiza kubikoresho bihuza PCB iyobora kandi birashobora gukemura byinshi. Kimwe na ENIG, ENEPIG yujuje RoHS.
3. Ifeza yibiza
Imiti ya silver ya chimique nayo ni uburyo bwa chimique itari electrolytike aho PCB yibizwa rwose mumuti wa ion ya feza kugirango uhambire ifeza hejuru yumuringa. Ipitingi yavuyemo irahuye kandi irasa kuruta ENIG, ariko ikabura uburinzi nigihe kirekire gitangwa na nikel layer muri ENIG. Nubwo uburyo bwo kuvura hejuru bworoshye kandi buhendutse kuruta ENIG, ntibikwiye kubikwa igihe kirekire hamwe nabakora inganda.
4. Amabati
Amabati yimiti yimiti akora amabati yoroheje hejuru yumurongo wa kiyobora binyuze munzira nyinshi zirimo gusukura, micro-etching, acide acide prereg, kwibiza mumashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi, hamwe nisuku rya nyuma. Kuvura amabati birashobora gutanga uburinzi bwiza kumuringa nuyobora, bigira uruhare mubikorwa byo gutakaza igihombo gito cyumuzunguruko wa HSD. Kubwamahirwe, amabati ya chimique yarohamye ntabwo arimwe mubikorwa birebire byokuyobora hejuru yubutaka kubera ingaruka amabati agira kumuringa mugihe (nukuvuga, gukwirakwiza icyuma kimwe mubindi bigabanya imikorere yigihe kirekire cyumuyobozi wumuzunguruko). Kimwe na feza ya chimique, amabati yimiti ninzira idafite isuku, inzira ya RoHs.
5.OSP
Filime yo gukingira kogosha (OSP) nigikoresho cyo gukingira kitari icyuma gishyizwe hamwe nigisubizo cyamazi. Kurangiza nabyo byujuje RoHS. Nyamara, ubu buryo bwo kuvura ntibufite ubuzima burebure kandi bukoreshwa neza mbere yumuzunguruko nibigize gusudira PCB. Vuba aha, ibice bishya bya OSP byagaragaye ku isoko, bikekwa ko bishobora gutanga uburinzi burambye kubayobora.
6.Electrolytike zahabu ikomeye
Kuvura zahabu ikomeye ni inzira ya electrolytike ijyanye na RoHS, ishobora kurinda PCB nuyobora umuringa okiside igihe kirekire. Ariko, bitewe nigiciro kinini cyibikoresho, nimwe mubitwikiriye bihenze cyane. Ifite kandi gusudira nabi, gusudira nabi kugirango ihuze imiti yoroshye ya zahabu, kandi irubahiriza RoHS kandi irashobora gutanga ubuso bwiza kugirango igikoresho gihuze na PCB.
