Ikopi ya kopi ya PCB, inganda zikunze kwitwa ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyumuzunguruko, ikibaho cyumuzunguruko, ikopi yumuzunguruko, clone ya PCB, igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB cyangwa iterambere rya PCB.

Nukuvuga ko, hashingiwe ko hari ibintu bifatika byibikoresho bya elegitoronike hamwe nu mbaho ​​zumuzunguruko, gusesengura inyuma yimbaho ​​zumuzunguruko ukoresheje tekinoroji yubushakashatsi nubuhanga bwiterambere, hamwe nibicuruzwa byumwimerere bya PCB, fagitire yibikoresho (BOM), dosiye zishushanyije nubundi buhanga inyandiko PCB silk ya ecran yerekana ibyakozwe byagaruwe 1: 1.

Noneho koresha amadosiye yubuhanga hamwe namadosiye yumusaruro mubikorwa bya PCB, gusudira ibice, kugeragezwa kuguruka, kugerageza ikibaho cyumuzunguruko, hanyuma wuzuze kopi yuzuye yicyitegererezo cyambere cyumuzunguruko.

Abantu benshi ntibazi ikibaho cya kopi ya PCB. Abantu bamwe ndetse batekereza ko ikibaho cya PCB ari kopi.

Mubisobanuro bya buri wese, gukoporora bisobanura kwigana, ariko ikibaho cya kopi ya PCB ntabwo rwose ari kwigana. Intego ya kopi ya PCB ni ukwiga tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki yo mu mahanga igezweho, hanyuma igakemura ibisubizo byiza, hanyuma ukayikoresha mugutezimbere neza. Igicuruzwa.

Hamwe niterambere ridahwema no kurushaho kunoza inganda zikoporora, igitekerezo cya kopi ya kopi ya PCB yongerewe muburyo bwagutse, kandi ntikigarukira gusa ku kibaho cyoroshye cyo gukopera no gukoroniza, ariko kandi kirimo no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya kabiri no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere.

Kurugero, binyuze mubisesengura no kuganira kubyibikoresho bya tekiniki bihari, ibitekerezo byubushakashatsi, imiterere yimiterere, tekinoroji yuburyo butunganijwe, nibindi, birashobora gutanga isesengura rishoboka no guhatanira amasoko mugutezimbere no gushushanya ibicuruzwa bishya, kandi bigafasha R&D nibice bishushanya kugeza gukurikirana mugihe cyiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, guhindura mugihe no kunoza gahunda yo gushushanya ibicuruzwa, hamwe nubushakashatsi niterambere ryibicuruzwa bishya birushanwe kumasoko.

Inzira yo gukoporora PCB irashobora kumenya kuvugurura byihuse, kuzamura no guteza imbere icyiciro cya kabiri cyibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike binyuze mu gukuramo no guhindura igice cya dosiye yamakuru ya tekiniki. Ukurikije ibishushanyo bya dosiye nigishushanyo mbonera cyakuwe ku kibaho cyandukuwe, abashushanya umwuga nabo bashobora gukurikiza ibyo umukiriya asabwa. Ushaka guhindura igishushanyo no guhindura PCB.

Birashoboka kandi kongeramo imirimo mishya kubicuruzwa cyangwa kongera guhindura imikorere yibikorwa kuriyi shingiro, kugirango ibicuruzwa bifite imikorere mishya bizashyirwa ahagaragara kumuvuduko wihuse kandi hamwe nimyumvire mishya, ntabwo bafite uburenganzira bwumutungo bwite wubwenge gusa, ariko kandi ku isoko Yatsindiye amahirwe yambere kandi izana inyungu ebyiri kubakiriya.

Yaba ikoreshwa mu gusesengura amahame yubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko nibiranga ibicuruzwa bikora mubushakashatsi bwihuse, cyangwa bigakoreshwa nkibishingiro nifatizo byubushakashatsi bwa PCB mugushushanya imbere, ibishushanyo bya PCB bifite uruhare rwihariye.

None, nigute ushobora guhindura igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa ikintu gifatika, kandi ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhinduka? Nibihe bisobanuro ugomba kwitondera?

Guhindura intambwe

1. Andika amakuru ajyanye na PCB

Shaka igice cya PCB, banza wandike icyitegererezo, ibipimo, n'umwanya wibigize byose kurupapuro, cyane cyane icyerekezo cya diode, triode, nicyerekezo cyicyuho cya IC. Nibyiza gukoresha kamera ya digitale kugirango ufate amafoto abiri yumwanya wibigize. Ibibaho byinshi byumuzunguruko wa pcb biragenda birushaho gutera imbere. Bimwe muri transistor ya diode hejuru ntibiboneka na gato.

2. Ishusho

Kuraho ibice byose hanyuma ukureho amabati mumwobo wa PAD. Sukura PCB ukoresheje inzoga hanyuma ubishyire muri scaneri. Iyo scaneri isikana, ugomba kuzamura pigiseli ya skaneri gato kugirango ubone ishusho isobanutse.

Noneho umusenyi woroheje hejuru no hepfo hamwe nimpapuro zamazi kugeza igihe firime yumuringa irabagirana, ubishyire muri scaneri, utangire PHOTOSHOP, hanyuma usuzume ibice byombi bitandukanye mumabara.

Menya ko PCB igomba gushyirwa mu buryo butambitse kandi buhagaritse muri scaneri, bitabaye ibyo ishusho ya scan ntishobora gukoreshwa.

3. Hindura kandi ukosore ishusho

Hindura itandukaniro, umucyo numwijima wa canvas kugirango igice gikorwe na firime yumuringa naho igice kitagira firime yumuringa gifite itandukaniro rikomeye, hanyuma uhindure ishusho ya kabiri mo umukara numweru, hanyuma urebe niba imirongo isobanutse. Niba atari byo, subiramo iyi ntambwe. Niba bisobanutse, bika ishusho nkimiterere ya BMP yumukara numweru BMP BMP na BOT BMP. Niba ubonye ikibazo kijyanye nigishushanyo, urashobora gukoresha PHOTOSHOP kugirango uyisane kandi uyikosore.

4. Kugenzura amahirwe ahuye na PAD na VIA

Hindura dosiye ebyiri za BMP kumiterere ya PROTEL, hanyuma wohereze mubice bibiri muri PROTEL. Kurugero, imyanya ya PAD na VIA yanyuze mubice bibiri ahanini birahura, byerekana ko intambwe zabanjirije zakozwe neza. Niba hari gutandukana, noneho Subiramo intambwe ya gatatu. Kubwibyo, gukoporora PCB nakazi gasaba kwihangana, kuko ikibazo gito kizagira ingaruka kumiterere no kurwego rwo guhuza nyuma yo kwandukura.

5. Shushanya urwego

Hindura BMP ya TOP layer kuri TOP PCB. Witondere guhinduka kurwego rwa SILK, arirwo rwego rwumuhondo. Noneho urashobora gukurikirana umurongo kurwego rwa TOP hanyuma ugashyira igikoresho ukurikije igishushanyo muntambwe ya kabiri. Siba urwego rwa SILK nyuma yo gushushanya. Subiramo kugeza ibice byose bishushanyije.

6. TOP PCB na BOT PCB ifoto ihuriweho

Kuzana TOP PCB na BOT PCB muri PROTEL hanyuma ubihuze mumashusho imwe.

7. Icapiro rya Laser TOP LAYER, HASI HASI

Koresha printer ya laser kugirango wandike TOP LAYER na BOTTOM LAYER kuri firime iboneye (1: 1 ratio), shyira firime kuri PCB, hanyuma ugereranye niba hari ikosa. Niba aribyo, urangije.

8. Ikizamini

Gerageza niba imikorere ya elegitoroniki yubuyobozi bwa kopi isa ninama yambere. Niba ari kimwe, birakorwa rwose.
Itondere kubirambuye

1. Mugabanye mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro imikorere

Mugihe ukora igishushanyo mbonera cyibishushanyo mbonera cyumuzunguruko mwiza wa PCB, igabana ryumvikana ryibice bikora rishobora gufasha injeniyeri kugabanya ibibazo bitari ngombwa no kunoza imikorere yo gushushanya.

Muri rusange, ibice bifite imikorere imwe kurubaho rwa PCB bizategurwa muburyo bwibanze, kandi kugabanya agace kubikorwa birashobora kugira ishingiro ryoroshye kandi ryukuri mugihe uhinduye igishushanyo mbonera.

Ariko, kugabana kariya gace gakorera ntabwo ari kubushake. Bisaba injeniyeri kugira ubumenyi bunoze bwubumenyi bujyanye na sisitemu.

Ubwa mbere, shakisha ibyingenzi mubice runaka bikora, hanyuma ukurikije umurongo wiring, urashobora kubona ibindi bice bigize igice kimwe cyimikorere munzira yo gukora ibice bikora.

Ishirwaho rya zone ikora nishingiro ryo gushushanya. Mubyongeyeho, muriki gikorwa, ntukibagirwe gukoresha ibice byuruhererekane byumubare wumuzunguruko neza. Barashobora kugufasha gutandukanya imikorere byihuse.

2. Shakisha ibice bikwiye

Iki gice gishobora nanone kuvugwa ko aricyo kintu nyamukuru kigizwe numuyoboro wa PCB umujyi ukoreshwa mugitangiriro cyo gushushanya. Igice kimaze kugenwa kimaze kugenwa, igice cyerekanwe gishushanyije ukurikije ibipapuro byibi bice, bishobora kwemeza neza igishushanyo mbonera cyinshi. Imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Kuri ba injeniyeri, kugena ibice byerekana ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye. Mubihe bisanzwe, ibice bigira uruhare runini mukuzunguruka birashobora gutoranywa nkibice bifatika. Mubisanzwe ni binini mubunini kandi bifite pin nyinshi, byoroshye gushushanya. Nka sisitemu ihuriweho, transformateur, transistors, nibindi, byose birashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bikwiye.

3. Tandukanya neza imirongo kandi ushushanye insinga mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro

Kugirango itandukaniro riri hagati yinsinga zubutaka, insinga zamashanyarazi, ninsinga zerekana ibimenyetso, injeniyeri nabo bakeneye kugira ubumenyi bujyanye no gutanga amashanyarazi, ubumenyi bwumuzunguruko, ubumenyi bwa PCB, nibindi. Itandukanyirizo ryiyi mirongo rishobora gusesengurwa uhereye mubice bigize ibice, umurongo wumuringa wumuringa wubugari nibiranga ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki ubwabyo.

Mu gushushanya insinga, kugirango wirinde kwambukiranya no guhuza imirongo, umubare munini wibimenyetso byubutaka urashobora gukoreshwa kumurongo wubutaka. Imirongo itandukanye irashobora gukoresha amabara atandukanye nimirongo itandukanye kugirango irebe ko isobanutse kandi imenyekana. Kubice bitandukanye, ibimenyetso byihariye birashobora gukoreshwa, cyangwa no gushushanya ibice byumuzingi ukundi, hanyuma ukabihuza.

4. Menya ibyingenzi shingiro kandi wigire kubishushanyo bisa

Kubintu bimwe byibanze bya elegitoroniki yububiko hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya amahame, injeniyeri agomba kuba umuhanga, ntabwo ashoboye gusa gushushanya mu buryo butaziguye ibice bimwe byoroshye kandi bya kera, ariko kandi no gukora urwego rusange rwumuzunguruko.

Kurundi ruhande, ntukirengagize ko ubwoko bumwe bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bifite aho bihuriye nigishushanyo mbonera. Ba injeniyeri barashobora gukoresha ikusanyirizo ry'uburambe kandi bakiga byimazeyo ibishushanyo bisa byumuzunguruko kugirango bahindure igishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa bishya.

5. Reba neza

Igishushanyo mbonera kirangiye, igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB gishobora kuvugwa ko cyarangiye nyuma yo kugerageza no kugenzura. Agaciro ka nominal yibice byunvikana ibipimo byo gukwirakwiza PCB bigomba kugenzurwa no gutezimbere. Ukurikije igishushanyo cya dosiye ya PCB, igishushanyo mbonera kiragereranywa kandi kirasesengurwa kugirango igishushanyo mbonera gihure rwose nigishushanyo cya dosiye.