Mugihe ubunini bwa PCB buba buto kandi buto, ibisabwa byubwinshi bwibikoresho biba byinshi kandi hejuru, kandi igishushanyo cya PCB kiba gikomeye. Nigute ushobora kugera ku gipimo kinini cya PCB no kugabanya igihe cyo gushushanya, noneho tuzavuga ubuhanga bwo gushushanya gahunda ya PCB, imiterere na wiring.

Mbere yo gutangira insinga, igishushanyo kigomba gusesengurwa neza kandi software igikoresho kigomba gushyirwaho neza, bizatuma igishushanyo kirushaho gusabwa.

1. Menya umubare wibice bya PCB

Ingano yubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko n'umubare w'insinga zigomba kugenwa mugitangira igishushanyo. Umubare wibyuma byuburyo hamwe nuburyo bwa STack-up bizagira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye no kwangiriza imirongo yacapwe.

Ingano yubuyobozi ifasha kumenya uburyo bwo gutondekanya hamwe nubugari bwumurongo wacapwe kugirango ugere kubikorwa byifuzwa. Kugeza ubu, itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yimbaho ​​nyinshi ni nto cyane, kandi nibyiza gukoresha imirongo myinshi yumuzunguruko no gukwirakwiza umuringa mugihe cyo gushushanya.
2. Shushanya amategeko n'ibibuza

Kugirango urangize neza imirimo yo gukoresha, ibikoresho byo gukoresha bigomba gukora munsi yamategeko akwiye. Gutondekanya imirongo yose yerekana ibimenyetso byihariye, buri cyiciro cyibimenyetso kigomba kugira icyambere. Urwego rwo hejuru rwibanze, amategeko akomeye.

Amategeko arimo ubugari bwimirongo yacapwe, umubare ntarengwa wa vias, parallelism, ingaruka hagati yumurongo wibimenyetso, hamwe nimbogamizi. Aya mategeko agira uruhare runini kumikorere yigikoresho cyo gukoresha. Gutekereza neza kubishushanyo mbonera ni intambwe yingenzi yo gutsinda neza.

3. Imiterere y'ibigize

Muburyo bwiza bwo guterana, gushushanya kubikorwa (DFM) amategeko azagabanya imiterere yibigize. Niba ishami ryiteranirizo ryemerera ibice kugenda, uruziga rushobora gutezimbere muburyo bworoshye kugirango insinga zikora byoroshye.

Amategeko asobanuwe nimbogamizi bizagira ingaruka kumiterere. Igikoresho cyikora cyikora gusa cyerekana ikimenyetso kimwe icyarimwe. Mugushiraho inzitizi zogushiraho no gushiraho urwego rwumurongo wikimenyetso, igikoresho cyo gukoresha insinga kirashobora kuzuza insinga nkuko uwabishushanyije yabitekerezaga.

Kurugero, kumiterere yumurongo wamashanyarazi:

①Mu miterere ya PCB, umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi ugomba gutegurwa hafi yumuzunguruko wabigenewe, aho gushyirwa mugice cyo gutanga amashanyarazi, bitabaye ibyo bikagira ingaruka ku byerekezo byambukiranya, kandi umuyaga uhuha uzatemba kumurongo wamashanyarazi no kumurongo wubutaka, bigatera kwivanga ;

OrKu cyerekezo cyo gutanga amashanyarazi imbere yumuzunguruko, ingufu zigomba gutangwa kuva kumurongo wanyuma kugeza ku cyiciro kibanziriza iki, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura amashanyarazi muri iki gice bugomba gutegurwa hafi yicyiciro cya nyuma;

OrKuyoboro zimwe zingenzi zigezweho, nko guhagarika cyangwa gupima umuyaga mugihe cyo gukemura no kugerageza, icyuho kigomba gutondekwa kumurongo wacapwe mugihe cyagenwe.

Byongeye kandi, twakagombye kumenya ko amashanyarazi yagenwe agomba gutegurwa kumurongo wacapwe wacapwe bishoboka bishoboka mugihe cyagenwe. Iyo amashanyarazi hamwe numuzunguruko bisangiye icyapa cyumuzingo cyacapwe, muburyo, birakenewe ko twirinda imiterere ivanze yumuriro uhoraho hamwe nibice byumuzunguruko cyangwa gukora amashanyarazi hamwe numuzunguruko bigabana insinga zubutaka. Kuberako ubu buryo bwo gukoresha insinga butoroshye kubyara intambamyi gusa, ariko kandi ntibushobora guhagarika umutwaro mugihe cyo kubungabunga, gusa igice cyinsinga zacapwe zirashobora gucibwa muricyo gihe, bityo bikangiza ikibaho cyacapwe.
4. Igishushanyo mbonera

Mu cyiciro cyo gushushanya abafana, buri pin yikintu cyo hejuru yubuso bugomba kuba gifite byibuze kimwe binyuze, kugirango mugihe hagikenewe andi masano, ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gishobora gukora ihuza ryimbere, kugerageza kumurongo, no gusubiramo imirongo.

Kugirango urusheho gukora neza igikoresho cyikora cyikora, kinini kinini ukoresheje ubunini n'umurongo wacapwe bigomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka, kandi intera yashyizwe kuri 50mil. Birakenewe kwemeza inzira ikoresheje umubare munini winzira zinzira. Nyuma yo kubitekerezaho neza no guhanura, igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzunguruko kumurongo gishobora gukorwa mugihe cyambere cyo gushushanya kandi bikagerwaho mugihe cyanyuma cyibikorwa. Menya unyuze muburyo bwabafana ukurikije inzira ya wiring hamwe nizunguruka kumurongo. Imbaraga nubutaka nabyo bizagira ingaruka kubishushanyo mbonera no gufana.

5. Gukoresha intoki no gutunganya ibimenyetso byingenzi

Gukoresha intoki ni inzira yingenzi yo gucapa imbaho ​​zicapuwe zashizweho ubungubu no mugihe kizaza. Gukoresha insinga zintoki bifasha ibyuma byikora byikora kugirango urangize akazi. Mugukoresha intoki no gutunganya urusobe rwatoranijwe (net), inzira ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwikora irashobora gushirwaho.

Ibimenyetso byingenzi byashizwe mbere, haba mu ntoki cyangwa bigahuzwa nibikoresho byikora. Amashanyarazi amaze kurangira, abakozi ba injeniyeri nubuhanga bireba bazagenzura insinga. Igenzura rimaze gutambuka, insinga zizakosorwa, hanyuma ibimenyetso bisigaye bizahita bikoreshwa. Bitewe no kubaho kwinzitizi mu nsinga zubutaka, bizazana kwivanga kwinzitizi kumuzunguruko.

Kubwibyo, ntugahuze ingingo iyo ari yo yose hamwe nibimenyetso bifatika mugihe cyo gukoresha insinga, bishobora kubyara guhuza kwangiza kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere yumuzunguruko. Mugihe cyinshi, induction ya wire izaba itegeko ryinshi ryubunini buruta ubwirinzi bwinsinga ubwayo. Muri iki gihe, niyo byaba ari bito bito cyane byihuta byanyuze mu nsinga, hazabaho kugabanuka kwinshi kwa voltage.

Kubwibyo, kumirongo yumurongo mwinshi, imiterere ya PCB igomba gutondekwa muburyo bushoboka kandi insinga zacapwe zigomba kuba ngufi zishoboka. Hariho inductance hamwe na capacitance hagati yinsinga zacapwe. Iyo inshuro zakazi ari nini, bizatera kwivanga mubindi bice, byitwa guhuza parasitike.

Uburyo bwo guhagarika inzira bushobora gufatwa ni:
① Gerageza kugabanya insinga zerekana ibimenyetso hagati yinzego zose;
R Tegura urwego rwose rwumuzunguruko ukurikije ibimenyetso kugirango wirinde kwambuka kuri buri rwego rwumurongo wibimenyetso;
WIntsinga za panne ebyiri zegeranye zigomba kuba perpendicular cyangwa umusaraba, ntabwo bisa;
④ Iyo insinga zerekana ibimenyetso zigomba gushyirwaho muburyo bumwe, izo nsinga zigomba gutandukanywa nintera runaka ishoboka, cyangwa igatandukanwa ninsinga zubutaka hamwe ninsinga z'amashanyarazi kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukingira.
6. Gukoresha ibyuma byikora

Kubijyanye no gukoresha ibimenyetso byingenzi, ugomba gutekereza kugenzura ibipimo bimwe na bimwe byamashanyarazi mugihe cyo gukoresha insinga, nko kugabanya inductance yagabanijwe, nibindi. Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa nibipimo byinjiza igikoresho cyikora cyikora gifite ningaruka yibintu byinjiza kumurongo, ubwiza bwa insinga zikoresha zishobora kuboneka kurwego runaka Garanti. Amategeko rusange agomba gukoreshwa mugihe uhita uyobora ibimenyetso.

Mugushiraho uburyo bwo kubuza no kubuza ahantu insinga kugirango ugabanye ibice byakoreshejwe nikimenyetso cyatanzwe numubare wa vias yakoreshejwe, igikoresho cyo gukoresha insinga kirashobora guhita kiyobora insinga ukurikije ibitekerezo bya injeniyeri. Nyuma yo gushiraho inzitizi no gushyira mubikorwa amategeko yashyizweho, inzira yikora izagera kubisubizo bisa nibiteganijwe. Nyuma yuko igice cyigishushanyo kirangiye, kizakosorwa kugirango kibuze ingaruka zinzira ikurikira.

Umubare wiring biterwa nuburemere bwumuzunguruko n'umubare w'amategeko rusange yasobanuwe. Uyu munsi ibikoresho byo gukoresha ibyuma byikora birakomeye cyane kandi birashobora kuzuza 100%. Ariko, mugihe igikoresho cyikora cyikora kitarangije ibimenyetso byose byerekana ibimenyetso, birakenewe ko umuntu yayobora intoki ibimenyetso bisigaye.
7. Gahunda yo gushaka

Kubimenyetso bimwe bifite imbogamizi nke, uburebure bwinsinga ni ndende cyane. Muri iki gihe, urashobora kubanza kumenya insinga zumvikana nizihe insinga zidafite ishingiro, hanyuma ugahindura intoki kugirango ugabanye uburebure bwikimenyetso kandi ugabanye umubare wa vias.