Hamwe no gukaza umurego mu guhatanira isoko, ibidukikije ku isoko ry’ibigo bigezweho byahindutse cyane, kandi amarushanwa y’ibigo agenda ashimangira amarushanwa ashingiye ku byo abakiriya bakeneye. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibigo byahindutse buhoro buhoro muburyo butandukanye bwo gukora bushingiye ku musaruro woroshye. Ubwoko bwibikorwa byubu birashobora kugabanywa mubwoko butatu: umusaruro mwinshi, ibintu byinshi-bito bito-by-umusaruro-mwinshi, hamwe n’umusaruro umwe.
01
Igitekerezo cyubwoko butandukanye, umusaruro muto
Ubwinshi-butandukanye, umusaruro-muto-byerekana uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro aho usanga hari ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa (ibisobanuro, imiterere, ingano, imiterere, amabara, nibindi) nkintego yumusaruro mugihe cyagenwe cyagenwe, numubare muto wa ibicuruzwa bya buri bwoko byakozwe. .
Muri rusange, ugereranije nuburyo rusange bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ni buke mu mikorere, buhenze cyane, biragoye kugera kuri automatike, kandi igenamigambi n’umushinga biragoye. Nyamara, mubihe byubukungu bwisoko, abaguzi bakunda gutandukanya ibyo bakunda, bakurikirana ibicuruzwa byateye imbere, bidasanzwe kandi bizwi cyane bitandukanye nabandi. Ibicuruzwa bishya bigenda bigaragara muburyo budashira. Kugirango twagure imigabane yisoko, ibigo bigomba guhuza niyi mpinduka kumasoko. Gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byinganda byahindutse inzira byanze bikunze. Byumvikane ko, dukwiye kubona itandukaniro ryibicuruzwa no kugaragara kudashira kwibicuruzwa bishya, nabyo bizatuma ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bivaho mbere yuko bishaje kandi bigifite agaciro, bitesha agaciro umutungo wimibereho. Iki kintu gikwiye gukangura abantu.
02
Ibiranga ibintu byinshi-bitandukanye, umusaruro muto
01
Ubwoko bwinshi muburyo bubangikanye
Kubera ko ibicuruzwa byinshi byamasosiyete byashyizweho kubakiriya, ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikenera ibintu bitandukanye, kandi umutungo wibigo uri muburyo butandukanye.
02
Kugabana Ibikoresho
Igikorwa cyose mubikorwa byumusaruro gisaba amikoro, ariko ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa nyirizina ni bike cyane. Kurugero, ikibazo cyamakimbirane yibikoresho bikunze kugaragara mugikorwa cyo kubyara biterwa no kugabana umutungo wumushinga. Kubwibyo, amikoro make agomba koherezwa neza kugirango yuzuze ibisabwa byumushinga.
03
Kutamenya neza ibisubizo n'ibisubizo byizunguruka
Bitewe no guhungabana kwabakiriya, ibyifuzo byateganijwe neza ntabwo bihuye numuzenguruko wuzuye wabantu, imashini, ibikoresho, uburyo, nibidukikije, nibindi, uruzinduko rwumusaruro akenshi ntirushidikanywaho, kandi imishinga ifite inzinguzingo idahagije isaba amikoro menshi, Kwiyongera ingorane zo kugenzura umusaruro.
04
Ibikoresho bikenewe bihinduka kenshi, biganisha ku gutinda kw'amasoko akomeye
Bitewe no kwinjiza cyangwa guhindura gahunda, biragoye gutunganya no gutanga amasoko kugirango bigaragaze igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa. Bitewe nitsinda rito hamwe nisoko imwe yo gutanga, ibyago byo gutanga ni byinshi cyane.
03
Ingorane muburyo butandukanye, umusaruro muto
1. Gahunda yimikorere itegura gahunda hamwe nuburyo bwoherejwe kumurongo: kwinjiza byihutirwa kwinjiza, ibikoresho byananiranye, gutwarwa neza.
2. Kumenyekanisha no gutembera kumacupa: mbere no mugihe cyo gukora
3. Inzitizi nyinshi zo murwego: icyuho cyumurongo winteko, icyuho cyumurongo wibice byibice, uburyo bwo guhuza hamwe nabashakanye.
4. Ingano ya buffer: haba inyuma cyangwa kutarwanya kwivanga. Icyiciro cy'umusaruro, kwimura icyiciro, n'ibindi.
5. Gahunda yumusaruro: ntuzirikane gusa icyuho, ahubwo urebe ningaruka zumutungo utari muto.
Ubwoko butandukanye kandi buto-buto bwo gutanga umusaruro nabwo buzahura nibibazo byinshi mubikorwa byamasosiyete, nka:
Ubwinshi-butandukanye kandi buto-buke butanga gahunda ivanze bigoye
Ntibishobora gutanga ku gihe, "amasaha menshi yo kurwanya umuriro" amasaha y'ikirenga
Gutumiza bisaba gukurikiranwa cyane
Umusaruro wibanze uhindurwa kenshi kandi gahunda yumwimerere ntishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa
Kongera ibarura, ariko akenshi kubura ibikoresho byingenzi
Umusaruro uzunguruka ni muremure cyane, kandi igihe cyo kuyobora cyaguwe bitagira akagero
04
Uburyo bwo gutegura uburyo butandukanye, gahunda ntoya yo kubyaza umusaruro
01
Uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuringaniza
Uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuringaniza bushingiye kubisabwa n'amategeko agenga intego, kugirango tugere ku ntego za gahunda, kugirango harebwe niba ibintu cyangwa ibipimo bifitanye isano mugihe cyateganijwe bigereranijwe neza, bihujwe kandi bihuzwa hamwe, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuringaniza. urupapuro kugirango rumenye binyuze mubisesengura risubirwamo no kubara. Ibipimo byerekana. Duhereye kubitekerezo bya sisitemu, bivuze kugumana imiterere yimbere ya sisitemu kuri gahunda kandi ishyize mu gaciro. Ikiranga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuringaniza ni ugukora uburinganire bwuzuye kandi busubirwamo binyuze mubipimo byerekana uko ibintu byifashe, gukomeza uburinganire hagati yimirimo, umutungo nibikenewe, hagati yibice byose, no hagati yintego nigihe kirekire. Birakwiriye gutegura gahunda yumusaruro muremure. Nibyiza gukoresha ubushobozi bwikigo cyabantu, imari nibikoresho.
02
Uburyo bwa Quota
Uburyo bwa kwota ni ukubara no kumenya ibipimo bijyanye nigihe cyateganijwe hashingiwe kuri cota ya tekiniki nubukungu bijyanye. Irangwa no kubara byoroshye kandi byukuri. Ingaruka ni uko yibasiwe cyane nikoranabuhanga ryibicuruzwa niterambere ryikoranabuhanga.
03 Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka
Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka ni uburyo bukomeye bwo gutegura gahunda. Irahindura gahunda mugihe gikwiye ishingiye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda mu gihe runaka, urebye impinduka z’imiterere y’ibidukikije imbere n’imbere y’umuryango, bityo ikagura gahunda mu gihe runaka, ikomatanya igihe gito. gahunda hamwe na gahunda ndende Nuburyo bwo gutegura.
Uburyo bwo kuzunguruka bufite uburyo bukurikira:
Gahunda igabanijwemo ibihe byinshi byo gusohoza, muri byo gahunda zigihe gito zigomba kuba zirambuye kandi zihariye, mugihe gahunda ndende irakomeye;
Nyuma yuko gahunda ishyizwe mubikorwa mugihe runaka, ibikubiye muri gahunda nibipimo bifitanye isano bizavugururwa, bihindurwe kandi byuzuzwe hakurikijwe ishyirwa mubikorwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije;
Uburyo bwo gutegura igenamigambi bwirinda gushimangira gahunda, kunoza guhuza gahunda nubuyobozi ku murimo nyirizina, kandi ni uburyo bworoshye bwo gutegura umusaruro;
Ihame ryo gutegura gahunda yo kuzunguruka ni "hafi yuburyo bwiza kandi bukabije", kandi uburyo bwo gukora ni "gushyira mubikorwa, guhindura, no kuzunguruka".
Ibiranga ibyavuzwe haruguru byerekana ko uburyo bwo kuzunguruka buteganijwe guhora buhindurwa kandi bugavugururwa hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko, ibyo bikaba bihura n’uburyo butandukanye, buto buto bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bujyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gutangiza gahunda yo kuyobora umusaruro wubwoko butandukanye hamwe nuduce duto ntibishobora gusa kongera ubushobozi bwibikorwa byo guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’ibisabwa ku isoko, ariko kandi bikagumya gutuza no kuringaniza umusaruro wabo bwite, akaba aribwo buryo bwiza.