Ikigo gisohoka (PCB) nigice cyibanze cya elegitoroniki gikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki nibikorwa. PCB rimwe na rimwe bita Pwb (Ikibaho cyacapwe). Byakunze kuba byinshi muri Hong Kong n'Ubuyapani mbere, ariko ubu ntabwo ari bike (mubyukuri, PCB na PWB bitandukanye). Mu bihugu no mu turere twiburengerazuba, muri rusange byitwa PCB. Mu burasirazuba, ifite amazina atandukanye kubera ibihugu n'uturere bitandukanye. Kurugero, muri rusange byitwa icahamwe yumuriro wacapwe mu Mugabane wa Mainland China (mbere hitwa Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko), kandi muri rusange byitwa PCB muri Tayiwani. Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko cyitwa elegitoronike (umuzunguruko) asimburana mubuyapani na abstrate muri Koreya y'Epfo.

PCB ni inkunga yibice bya elegitoronike hamwe nuwatwaye amashanyarazi ahuza ibice bya elegitoroniki, cyane cyane ashyigikira no guhuza. Gusa gusa hanze, urwego rwo hanze rwabayobozi b'umuzunguruko runini rufite amabara atatu: zahabu, ifeza, n'umutuku. Ishyirwa mu giciro: Zahabu niyo ihenze, ifeza ni iya kabiri, kandi umutuku woroshye ni uhendutse. Ariko, kwirambi imbere yinama yumuzunguruko ahanini ari umuringa wera, uri umuringa wambaye ubusa.

Bavuga ko hakiri ibyuma byinshi bya PCB. Biravugwa ko, ugereranije, buri terefone yubwenge irimo 0.05g zahabu, 0.26g Ifeza, na 12.6G Umuringa. Ibirimo bya zahabu muri laptop ni inshuro 10 za terefone igendanwa!

Nkinkunga kubice bya elegitoronike, PCB bisaba ibice bigize ugurisha hejuru, kandi igice cyurwego rwumuringa gisabwa kugirango ugaragaze kugurisha. Ibi bice byinzego byitwa padi. Polisi muri rusange urukiramende cyangwa uruziga hamwe n'ahantu hato. Kubwibyo, mask yumugurisha irangi, umuringa wonyine kuri padi uhura numwuka.

Umuringa wakoreshejwe muri PCB ni okiside byoroshye. Niba umuringa kuri padi wa okiside, ntabwo bizagora gusa, ahubwo bizanagora gusa, ahubwo bizanagirana umunezero mwinshi, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya nyuma. Kubwibyo, padi yashyizwe hamwe nicyuma cya zahabu, cyangwa ubuso bwuzuyemo igice cya feza binyuze mumiti, cyangwa firime idasanzwe ya chimique ikoreshwa mugupfukirana urwego rwumuringa kugirango wirinde akarere. Irinde okiside no kurinda padi, kugirango rishobore kwemeza umusaruro mubikorwa byakurikiyeho.

1.. PCB Umuringa Clad Laminate
Umuringa wambaye umuringa ni ibikoresho bigize amasahani bikozwe mu kiraro cya fibre cya fibre cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo gushimangira hamwe na resin kuruhande rumwe cyangwa impande zombi hamwe na comprie hamwe na kanda yumuringa.
Fata ikirahuri cya fibre gishingiye kuri umuringa Clad Laminate nkurugero. Ibikoresho byayo nyamukuru ni umuringa file, umwenda wa fibre, na epoxy resin, kuri konti zigera kuri 32%, 29% na 26% nibiciro byibicuruzwa.

Uruganda rw'umuzunguruko

Umuringa wambaye umuringa ni ibintu byibanze byibibaho byacapwe, kandi bicapura hamwe nibibaho byingenzi byingenzi byingenzi kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki kugirango ugere ku ntera ya elegitoroniki. Hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga, bimwe bidasanzwe bya elegitoroniki clad clad zirashobora gukoreshwa mumyaka yashize. Gukora neza byacapwe ibice bya elegitoroniki. Abayobora bakoreshwa mubibaho byacapwe muri rusange bikozwe muri file-nkumuringa utunganijwe, ni ukuvuga, umuringa wumuringa muburyo bufunganye.

2. PCB Kwitangaza Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko

Niba zahabu n'umuringa biri mu buryo butaziguye, hazabaho imyitwarire y'umubiri kwimuka no gukwirakwiza itandukaniro), bityo iyindi yatoranijwe.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya zahabu ikomeye na zahabu yoroshye ni ibigize igice cyanyuma cya zahabu cyashyizwe ku. Iyo ugupfunyika kwamazi, urashobora guhitamo electroplate zahabu nziza cyangwa adloy. Kuberako gukomera kwa zahabu nziza cyane ugereranije, byitwa "zahabu yoroshye". Kuberako "zahabu" ishobora gukora tyley nziza hamwe na "aluminium", combo izakenera cyane cyane kwubunini bwa zahabu nziza mugihe utanga insinga za aluminiyumu. Byongeye kandi, niba uhisemo gutoranya zahabu-nikel

Uruganda rw'umuzunguruko

Igice cyagenwe cya zahabu gikoreshwa cyane mubice, intoki za zahabu, hamwe numuhuza shrapnel yinama yumuzunguruko. Ikibaho cyababyaye cyakoreshejwe cyane kuri terefone igendanwa ni imbaho ​​za zahabu zishushanyijeho zahabu, abashinzwe ubwato bwa mudasobwa, abashinzwe umutekano, amajwi hamwe na shitio na mato ya digitale muri rusange ntabwo ari imbaho.

Zahabu ni zahabu nyayo. Nubwo gusa gusa hari urwego ruto rwinshi, rumaze hafi hafi 10% yikiguzi cyinama yumuzunguruko. Gukoresha zahabu nkibikoresho byo kwiyemeza ni imwe yo korohereza gusudira no kubandi mugukarinda kurohama. Ndetse nurutoki rwa zahabu rwibikoresho byakoreshejwe mumyaka itari mike biracyafite ishingiro nka mbere. Niba ukoresha umuringa, aluminium, cyangwa icyuma, bizahita bikongerera mukirundo. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi cyisahani yashyizwe ahagaragara ni hejuru, kandi imbaraga zo gusudira ni umukene. Kuberako inzira ya electrole zitagereranywa ikoreshwa, ikibazo cya disiki yumukara birashoboka. Igice cya Nikel kizanyerera mugihe, kandi kwizerwa igihe kirekire nacyo nikibazo.

3. PCB Kwimenyereza Umuzunguruko Wumuzunguruko
Kwibiza ifeza bihendutse kuruta kwibiza zahabu. Niba PCB ifite ibisabwa byimikorere kandi ikeneye kugabanya ibiciro, ifeza yuzuye ni amahitamo meza; hamwe no kwibiza neza ifeza no guhura, noneho ibikorwa bya feza bigomba guhitamo.

Kwishora ifeza ifite porogaramu nyinshi mubicuruzwa byitumanaho, imodoka, na peteroli ya mudasobwa, kandi ifite kandi gusaba muburyo bwihuse. Kuva kwibiza ifeza ifite imitungo myiza yamashanyarazi kuburyo ubundi buryo bwo kuvura budashobora guhura, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mumashuri maremare. EMS irasaba gukoresha inzira ya feza kuko biroroshye guterana no kugira cheque nziza. Ariko, kubera inenge nko kwanduza no kugarura hamwe, gukura kwa feza byatinze (ariko ntibigabanuka).

kwagura
Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gikoreshwa nkimikorere ihuriweho nibice bya elegitoroniki, kandi ireme ryinama yumuzunguruko rizagira ingaruka kubikorwa byibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Muri bo, gutanga ireme ry'ibibaho byacapweho ni ngombwa cyane. Amashanyarazi arashobora kunoza uburinzi, kugurisha, kuyobora no kwambara kurwanya akanama k'umuzunguruko. Muburyo bwo gukora kubibaho byacapweho, amashanyarazi nintambwe yingenzi. Ubwiza bwa electraplating bufitanye isano no gutsinda cyangwa kunanirwa inzira yose hamwe nibikorwa byinama yumuzunguruko.

Inzira nyamukuru ya electraplating ya PCB ni ugukora umuringa, gutaka, gufotoza nikel, ibyopishe bya zahabu nibindi. Umuringa wa electrophing ni ugupfusha amashanyarazi kumena amashanyarazi; Tin Electroplating ni ibintu bikenewe kugirango umusaruro ushyireho neza nkibintu birwanya ruswa muburyo bwo gutunganya; nikel electroplating ni kuri electroplate igice cya Nikel Electroplating Zahabu irinda ibyifuzo bya Nikel kugirango uhuze imikorere yo kugurisha no kugabanywa kwangirika kwumuzungura.