Hano, ibiranga ibyingenzi biranga radiyo imirongo izasobanurwa mubice bine: Imigaragarire ya radiyo, ibimenyetso binini byifuzwa, hamwe nimikorere nini, hamwe nibintu byingenzi bikenera kwitabwaho byimazeyo muburyo bwa PCB butangwa.

Imikoreshereze ya radiyo ya Radiyo Kugereranya Umuzunguruko

Gutabarwa no kwakira bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ishingiro ryibanze na radiyo. Ibirindiro byibanze bikubiyemo urutonde rwibimenyetso byinjiza bya transmitter hamwe nurutonde rwibimenyetso bisohoka byuwakira. Umutako w'imitwe y'ibanze ugena igipimo cy'ibanze amakuru ashobora gutemba muri sisitemu. Inshuro shingiro zikoreshwa mugutezimbere kwizerwa zamakuru kandi ukagabanya umutwaro watanzwe na transmitter kuri gahunda yo kwanduza munsi yumubare wihariye. Kubwibyo, ibintu byinshi byo gutunganya ubumenyi busabwa mugihe ushushanya umuzenguruko wibanze kuri PCB. Umuzunguruko wa radiyo ya transmitter urashobora guhindura no gufungura-guhindura ibimenyetso bya baseband kumuyoboro wagenwe, hanyuma utere iki kimenyetso muri transport. Ibinyuranye nibyo, radiyo Umuzunguruko wuwakira urashobora kubona ibimenyetso bivuye mu myanya, hanyuma uhindure kandi ugabanye inshuro hundutse.
Guhindura bifite intego ebyiri za PCB Igishushanyo: Iya mbere nuko bagomba kohereza imbaraga zihariye mugihe barya imbaraga zishoboka. Iya kabiri ni uko badashobora kwivanga mubikorwa bisanzwe byabamuritsa imiyoboro yegeranye. Ku bijyanye n'uwakiriye, hari intego eshatu za PCB igishushanyo mbonera: Icya mbere, bigomba kugarura neza ibimenyetso bito; icya kabiri, bagomba kuba bashoboye gukuraho ibimenyetso byibasiye hanze yumuyoboro wifuza; Kandi nyuma, nka transmitter, bagomba kurya imbaraga nto cyane.

Ikimenyetso kinini cyivanga kuri radio

Abakira bagomba kuba bumva cyane ibimenyetso bito, nubwo haba hari ibimenyetso binini byitabirwa (inzitizi). Ibi bintu bibaho mugihe ugerageza kwakira ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa birebire, hamwe na disisiteri ikomeye hafi yatangajwe mumuyoboro wegeranye. Ikimenyetso cyo kwivanga gishobora kuba 60 kugeza kuri 70 db ibimenyetso biteganijwe, kandi birashobora gupfukirana mumafaranga yinjiza mu cyiciro cyinjira mu cyiciro cyinjiza kugirango uhagarike ibimenyetso bisanzwe. Niba uwakiriye akuwe mukarere katari umurongo na soko yivanga mugihe cyinjiza, ibibazo bibiri byavuzwe haruguru bizabaho. Kugira ngo wirinde ibyo bibazo, imperuka y'imbere y'uwakira igomba kuba umurongo.
Kubwibyo, "umurongo" nacyo nikimenyetso cyingenzi mubikorwa bya PCB. Kubera ko uwakiriye ari umugenzuzi wa bugufi, kutumvikana bipimwa no gupima "gutandukana kw'agateganyo". Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha imiraba ibiri yoroheje cyangwa imiraba ya cosine ifite inshuro zisa nigihe giherereye mu itsinda ryikigo kugirango utware ibimenyetso byinjijwe, hanyuma upime ibicuruzwa byimiryango itagira intera. Muri rusange, ibirungo ni software itwara igihe na software yigihe gito, kuko igomba gukora ibiraro byinshi kugirango ubone igisubizo gikenewe kugirango usobanukirwe.

Ikimenyetso gito giteganijwe muri RF Circution

Abakira bagomba kuba bumva neza kumenya ibimenyetso bito byinjira. Muri rusange, imbaraga zinjiza zakira zirashobora kuba nto nka 1 μv. Kwiyumvisha kwakira bigarukira ku rusaku byakozwe n'umurwango wacyo. Kubwibyo, urusaku ni ikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwa PCB bwakira. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo guhanura urusaku hamwe nibikoresho byo kwigana ni ngombwa. Igishushanyo 1 ni usanzwe ukira. Ikimenyetso cyakiriwe kirusheho kubanza, hanyuma ibimenyetso byinjiza bikorozwa nurusaku ruto amplifier (LNA). Noneho koresha oscillator yambere yaho (dore) kugirango uvange nikimenyetso cyo guhindura iki kimenyetso mumibare Hagati (niba). Imikorere y'urusaku rw'Imbere-Imbere biterwa na Lna, Mixer na Lo. Nubwo isesengura ryurugongo rusanzwe rishobora kubona urusaku rwa LNA, ntacyo rumaze kuri Mixer kandi dore, kubera ko urusaku muri ibi bice ruzagira ingaruka zikomeye ku kimenyetso kinini.
Ikimenyetso gito cyinjiza gisaba uwakiriye kugirango agire imikorere myiza yongerewe, kandi mubisanzwe bisaba inyungu ya 120 db. Hamwe ninyungu ndende, ibimenyetso byose bivuye mubisohoka byanyuma byinjijwe birashobora gutera ibibazo. Impamvu y'ingenzi yo gukoresha ubwumvikane bwa superheterodyne ni uko bishobora gukwirakwiza inyungu mumikino myinshi kugirango igabanye amahirwe yo guhuza. Ibi kandi bituma inshuro ya mbere Loni itandukanye ninshuro yibimenyetso byinjiza, bishobora kubuza ibimenyetso bifatika byo kuba "byanduye" ibimenyetso bito byinjira.
Kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, muri sisitemu zimwe zitumanaho zitumanaho zidafite umugozi, guhinduka mumazi cyangwa ubwubatsi bwa homodyne burashobora gusimbuza intwari. Muri iyi nyubako, ibimenyetso bya RF bihindurwa mu buryo butaziguye inshuro shingiro mu ntambwe imwe. Kubwibyo, ibyinshi mu nyungu biri mu mbuto shingiro, kandi inshuro ya do hamwe niyinjiza yinjiza ni imwe. Muri uru rubanza, ingaruka zubuhinzi buke zigomba kumvikana, hamwe nicyitegererezo kirambuye cya "Inzira ya Stark" igomba gushingwa, nka: guhuza amapaki, hamwe na insinga zuzuye (guhuza) kumurongo.

Umuyoboro wegeranye muri Radio Kugereranya Umuzunguruko

Kugoreka kandi bigira uruhare runini muri transmitter. Umurongo utari umurongo wakozwe na transmitter mubikorwa byo gusohoka birashobora gukwirakwiza umurongo wibimenyetso byatangwa munzira yegeranye. Iki kintu cyitwa "Specral Recorowth's". Mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigera ku mbaraga zohereza (PA), umurongo wacyo ni muto; Ariko "kugoreka intera" muri pa bizatera umurongo wagabumwe wo kongera. Niba umurongo wiyongereye cyane, transmitter ntabwo uzashobora kuzuza ibyangombwa byamashanyarazi byimiyoboro yegeranye. Mugihe cyo kohereza ibitekerezo byahinduye ibimenyetso, mubyukuri, ibirungo ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu guhanura iterambere ryibintu. Kuberako kwanduza ibimenyetso bigera ku 1.000 (ikimenyetso) kigomba kwigana kugirango ubone ibintu byerekana, kandi imiraba itwara abantu benshi igomba guhuzwa, izakora ibirungo bihebuje isesengura ridashoboka.