Byaravuzwe ko ku isi hari ubwoko bubiri gusa bwa injeniyeri za elegitoronike: abigeze guhura na electromagnetic interineti nabatarayifite. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwa signal ya PCB inshuro, igishushanyo cya EMC nikibazo tugomba gusuzuma

1. Ibintu bitanu byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe cyo gusesengura EMC

Guhangana nigishushanyo, hari ibintu bitanu byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe ukora EMC isesengura ryibicuruzwa nigishushanyo:

1). Ingano yigikoresho cyingenzi:

Ibipimo bifatika byibikoresho bisohora bitanga imirasire. Umuyoboro wa radiyo (RF) uzashiraho umurima wa electromagnetic, uzanyura mumazu no hanze yinzu. Uburebure bwa kabili kuri PCB nkinzira yohereza igira ingaruka itaziguye kuri RF.

2). Guhuza

Inkomoko nuwakiriye inzitizi, hamwe nimbogamizi zo kohereza hagati yabo.

3). Ibiranga by'agateganyo ibimenyetso byo kwivanga

Ikibazo nikintu gikomeza (ibimenyetso byigihe), cyangwa nikintu cyihariye cyo gukora (urugero: ikintu kimwe gishobora kuba urufunguzo cyangwa imbaraga zo kwivanga, ibikorwa bya disiki ya disiki yigihe, cyangwa umuyoboro uturika)

4). Imbaraga z'ikimenyetso cyo kwivanga

Ukuntu ingufu zinkomoko zikomeye, nubushobozi bufite bwo kubyara intambamyi

5).Ibiranga inshuro zerekana ibimenyetso byo kwivanga

Ukoresheje isesengura rya spécran kugirango witegereze umurongo, reba aho ikibazo kibera murwego, byoroshye kubona ikibazo

Mubyongeyeho, ingeso zimwe zumuzunguruko zidasanzwe zikenera kwitabwaho. Kurugero, ibisanzwe bisanzwe-ingingo imwe ikwiranye cyane na progaramu nkeya, ariko ntibikwiye kubimenyetso bya RF aho hari ibibazo byinshi bya EMI.

Byizerwa ko abajenjeri bamwe bazakoresha ingingo imwe ishingiye kubicuruzwa byose batazi ko ikoreshwa ryubu buryo rishobora gutera ibibazo byinshi cyangwa byinshi bigoye EMC.

Tugomba kandi kwitondera imigendekere yimiterere yibice byumuzunguruko. Duhereye ku bumenyi bwumuzunguruko, tuzi ko ikigezweho kiva mumashanyarazi menshi kugeza kuri voltage ntoya, kandi ikigezweho gihora kinyura munzira imwe cyangwa nyinshi mumuzinga ufunze, bityo rero hariho itegeko ryingenzi cyane: gushushanya byibuze.

Kuri ibyo byerekezo aho hapimwa interineti ihari, insinga ya PCB irahindurwa kugirango idahindura umutwaro cyangwa uruziga rukomeye. Porogaramu zisaba inzira ndende yo gutambuka kuva kumashanyarazi kugeza kumuzigo igomba gutekereza inzira zose zishoboka zinyuramo zishobora kugaruka.

Tugomba kandi kwitondera insinga za PCB. Inzitizi y'insinga cyangwa inzira ikubiyemo kurwanya R na reaction ya inductive. Kuri frequency nyinshi, habaho impedance ariko nta capacitif reaction. Iyo insinga ya wire iri hejuru ya 100kHz, insinga cyangwa insinga bihinduka inductor. Insinga cyangwa insinga zikora hejuru yijwi birashobora guhinduka antene ya RF.

Mubisobanuro bya EMC, insinga cyangwa insinga ntibyemewe gukora munsi ya λ / 20 yumurongo runaka (antenne yagenewe kuba λ / 4 cyangwa λ / 2 yumurongo runaka). Niba bidakozwe muri ubwo buryo, insinga ziba antenne ikora neza, bigatuma nyuma yo gukemura ndetse ikanagorana.

2.Imiterere ya PCB

Icyambere: Reba ubunini bwa PCB. Iyo ingano ya PCB ari nini cyane, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya interineti bugabanuka kandi igiciro kikiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwinsinga, mugihe ubunini ari buto cyane, butera byoroshye ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no kwivanga.

Icya kabiri: menya aho ibice byihariye (nkibintu byamasaha) (insinga zamasaha nibyiza ntizishyizwe hasi kandi ntuzenguruke kumurongo wingenzi wibimenyetso, kugirango wirinde kwivanga).

Icya gatatu: ukurikije imikorere yumuzunguruko, imiterere rusange ya PCB. Mu bice bigize ibice, ibice bifitanye isano bigomba kuba hafi bishoboka, kugirango tubone ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya-kwivanga.