Kuva ku isi ya PCB, Werurwe, 19, 2021

Mugihe dukora igishushanyo cya PCB, dukunze guhura nibibazo bitandukanye, nko guhuza impedance, amategeko ya EMI, nibindi. Iyi ngingo yakusanyije ibibazo nibisubizo bijyanye na PCB yihuta kuri buri wese, kandi nizere ko bizafasha buri wese.

1. Nigute ushobora gutekereza kubihuza mugihe utegura ibishushanyo mbonera byihuse bya PCB?
Mugushushanya umuvuduko wihuse wa PCB, guhuza impedance nikimwe mubintu byashushanyije.Agaciro ka impedance gafite umubano wuzuye nuburyo bwo gukoresha insinga, nko kugenda hejuru yubuso (microstrip) cyangwa urwego rwimbere (stripline / double stripline), intera iri hagati yicyerekezo (power power cyangwa layer layer), ubugari bwinsinga, ibikoresho bya PCB , nibindi Byombi bizagira ingaruka kubiranga impedance agaciro k'umurongo.

Nukuvuga ko agaciro ka impedance gashobora kugenwa gusa nyuma yo gushakisha.Mubisanzwe, porogaramu yo kwigana ntishobora kuzirikana ibintu bimwe na bimwe byahagaritswe kubera uburyo bwo kugabanya imiterere yumuzunguruko cyangwa imibare ya algorithm yakoreshejwe.Muri iki gihe, gusa abarangiza (kurangiza), nkurwanya urukurikirane, barashobora kubikwa ku gishushanyo mbonera.Kugabanya ingaruka zo guhagarikwa mukurinda inzitizi.Igisubizo nyacyo cyikibazo nukugerageza kwirinda guhagarika inzitizi mugihe wiring.

2. Iyo hari imikorere myinshi ya digitale / igereranya mubikorwa bya PCB, uburyo busanzwe ni ugutandukanya imibare / igereranya.Impamvu ni iyihe?
Impamvu yo gutandukanya sisitemu / igereranya nubutaka ni ukubera ko umuzenguruko wa digitale uzana urusaku mumbaraga nubutaka mugihe uhinduranya hagati yubushobozi buke kandi buke.Ubunini bw'urusaku bujyanye n'umuvuduko w'ikimenyetso n'ubunini bw'ubu.

Niba indege yubutaka itagabanijwe kandi urusaku rwatewe numuzunguruko wa sisitemu nini nini kandi imirongo igereranya yegeranye cyane, kabone niyo ibimenyetso bya digitale-bigereranywa bitanyuze, ibimenyetso byikigereranyo bizakomeza kubangamirwa nubutaka urusaku.Nukuvuga ko, uburyo butagabanijwe bwa digitale-to-analog uburyo bushobora gukoreshwa gusa mugihe agace kagereranya kari kure yakarere ka digitale gatanga urusaku runini.

3. Mugushushanya byihuse PCB, ni ubuhe buryo uwashizeho akwiye gusuzuma amategeko ya EMC na EMI?
Mubisanzwe, EMI / EMC igishushanyo gikeneye gutekereza kubintu byombi byerekanwe kandi bigakorerwa icyarimwe.Iyambere ni iyumurongo wo hejuru (> 30MHz) naho iyanyuma nigice cyo hasi (<30MHz).Ntushobora rero kwitondera gusa inshuro nyinshi kandi wirengagize igice gito.

Igishushanyo cyiza cya EMI / EMC kigomba kuzirikana aho igikoresho kigeze, gahunda ya PCB itondekanya, uburyo bwingenzi bwo guhuza, guhitamo ibikoresho, nibindi mugitangira imiterere.Niba nta gahunda nziza ihari, bizakemuka nyuma.Bizabona ibisubizo kabiri hamwe nimbaraga zimbaraga no kongera ikiguzi.

Kurugero, ahantu generator yisaha ntigomba kuba hafi yumuhuza wo hanze bishoboka.Ibimenyetso byihuta bigomba kujya murwego rwimbere bishoboka.Witondere ibiranga impedance ihuza hamwe nuburyo bukomeza kugirango ugabanye ibitekerezo.Igipimo cyibimenyetso cyasunitswe nigikoresho kigomba kuba gito gishoboka kugirango ugabanye uburebure.Ibice byinshyi, mugihe uhisemo decoupling / bypass capacator, witondere niba igisubizo cyayo cyujuje ibisabwa kugirango ugabanye urusaku rwindege.

Mubyongeyeho, witondere inzira yo kugaruka yumuvuduko mwinshi wibimenyetso kugirango uhindure agace gato cyane gashoboka (ni ukuvuga impedance ya loop ntoya ishoboka) kugirango ugabanye imirasire.Ubutaka bushobora kandi kugabanywa kugirango bugenzure urusaku rwinshi.Hanyuma, hitamo neza ikibanza cya chassis hagati ya PCB ninzu.

4. Mugihe ukora imbaho ​​za PCB, kugirango ugabanye kwivanga, insinga zubutaka zigomba gukora ifunga-ifunze?
Mugihe ukora imbaho ​​za PCB, agace ka loop kagabanutse muri rusange kugirango ugabanye kwivanga.Iyo ushyizeho umurongo wubutaka, ntugomba gushyirwaho muburyo bufunze, ariko nibyiza kubitondekanya mumashami, kandi ubuso bwubutaka bugomba kongerwa bishoboka.

5. Nigute ushobora guhindura inzira ya topologiya kugirango utezimbere ibimenyetso?
Ubu bwoko bwibimenyetso byurusobekerane biragoye cyane, kuberako kubimenyetso biterekanijwe, ibyerekezo byombi, nibimenyetso byinzego zitandukanye, ingaruka za topologiya ziratandukanye, kandi biragoye kuvuga topologiya ifitiye akamaro ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso.Kandi mugihe ukora pre-simulation, topologiya yo gukoresha irasaba cyane injeniyeri, bisaba gusobanukirwa amahame yumuzunguruko, ubwoko bwibimenyetso, ndetse ningorabahizi.

6. Nigute ushobora guhangana nimiterere hamwe ninsinga kugirango tumenye neza ibimenyetso biri hejuru ya 100M?
Urufunguzo rwihuta rwihuta rwibikoresho bya digitale ni ukugabanya ingaruka zumurongo wogukwirakwiza kumiterere yikimenyetso.Kubwibyo, imiterere yibimenyetso byihuta hejuru ya 100M bisaba ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso kuba bigufi bishoboka.Muburyo bwa sisitemu, ibimenyetso byihuta bisobanurwa nigihe cyo gutinda kuzamuka.

Byongeye kandi, ubwoko butandukanye bwibimenyetso (nka TTL, GTL, LVTTL) bufite uburyo butandukanye bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso.