Muburyo bwo gushushanya no gukora, injeniyeri ntabwo bigomba gukumira impanuka mugihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa bya PCB, ariko nanone ukeneye kwirinda amakosa. Iyi ngingo iravuga muri make kandi isesengura ibi bibazo bisanzwe bya PCB, yizeye kuzana ubufasha kubikorwa bya buri wese igishushanyo mbonera.

Ikibazo 1: PCB conth orcuit ngufi
Iki kibazo nimwe mumakosa asanzwe azatera ikibuga cya PCB kudakora, kandi hari impamvu nyinshi zikikibazo. Reka dusesengure umwe umwe hepfo.

Impamvu nini ya PCB mukarere ka SCB ni umusirikare udakwiye. Muri iki gihe, umusirikare uzengurutse padi arashobora guhinduka muburyo bwa oval kugirango yongere intera iri hagati yintoki kugirango wirinde imirongo ngufi.

Igishushanyo mbonera kidakwiriye icyerekezo cyibice bya PCB nabyo bizatera ikibaho mugihe gito cyuzunguruko kandi kinanirwa gukora. Kurugero, niba pin ya Soic isenyera kuri tin wave, biroroshye gutera impanuka ngufi yumuzunguruko. Muri iki gihe, icyerekezo cyigice kirashobora guhinduka muburyo bukwiye kugirango kibe perpendicular kuri tin.

Hariho ikindi kintu gishobora gutera umunaniro mugufi wa PCB, ni ukuvuga gucomeka byikora. Nkuko IPC iteganya ko uburebure bwa pin buri munsi ya 2mm kandi hari impungenge ko ibice bizagwa mugihe inguni yamaguru ari nini cyane, biroroshye gutera umuziki mugufi, kandi byoroshye gutera uruziga rurenze 2Mu muzunguruko.

Usibye impamvu eshatu zavuzwe haruguru, hari n'impamvu zimwe zishobora gutera kunanirwa kw'umuzunguruko mu kibaho cya PCB, nk'igituba kinini cy'amabati, ibiti by'amabati bito, n'ibindi bitera kunanirwa kunanirwa. Abashakashatsi barashobora kugereranya impamvu zavuzwe haruguru hamwe no kubaho kunanirwa gukuraho no kugenzura umwe umwe.

Ikibazo cya 2: Umuhanda wijimye kandi winshi ugaragara ku kibaho cya PCB
Ikibazo cyamabara yijimye cyangwa ihujwe ntoya kuri PCB ahanini biterwa no kwanduza umugurisha hamwe nimbuto zirenze ivanze muri tin yashongeshejwe muri fulten, ikora imiterere yumuryango. Witondere kutayitiranya hamwe nibara ryijimye ryatewe ukoresheje umugurisha hamwe nibirimo bike.

Indi mpamvu yiki kibazo nuko ibigize umusirikare bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora bwarahindutse, kandi ibihurira ni hejuru cyane. Birakenewe kongeramo amabati cyangwa gusimbuza umugurisha. Ikirahure cyanduye gitera impinduka z'umubiri muri fibre yongeye kubaka fibre, nko gutandukana hagati yibanze. Ariko ibi bihe ntibiterwa numucuruzi mubi. Impamvu nuko substrate ishyushye cyane, birakenewe rero kugabanya imigambi minda no kugurisha ubushyuhe cyangwa kongera umuvuduko wa substrate.

Ikibazo cya gatatu: Abacuruzi ba PCB bahura numuhondo wa zahabu
Mu bihe bisanzwe, umusirikare ku kibaho cya PCB ni ifeza imvi, ariko rimwe na rimwe abarinzi ba zahabu bagaragara. Impamvu nyamukuru yiki kibazo nuko ubushyuhe ari hejuru cyane. Muri iki gihe, ukeneye gusa kugabanya ubushyuhe bwitanura rya tin.

Ikibazo cya 4: Ikibaho kibi nacyo kigira ingaruka kubidukikije
Kubera imiterere ya PCB ubwayo, biroroshye gutera ibyangiritse kuri PCB mugihe biri mubidukikije bitameze neza. Ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe bwimyidagaduro, ubushyuhe bukabije, ubukana-bukabije nibindi bintu byose bitera imikorere yinama yubuyobozi igabanuka cyangwa ikanasimbuka. Kurugero, impinduka mubushyuhe bwibidukikije bizatera imyuka yinama. Kubwibyo, abanyamaguru bazarimburwa, imiterere yinama izunama, cyangwa ibimenyetso byumuringa ku kibaho birashobora kuvunika.

Ku rundi ruhande, ubuhehere mu kirere burashobora gutera okiside, ruswa n'ingese ku buso bw'icyuma, nk'ibimenyetso by'imipira, hamwe n'ingingo zinyuranye, ibigizemo uruhare. Kwirundanya umwanda, umukungugu, cyangwa imyanda hejuru yibice hamwe nibibaho byumuzungu no kugabanya ikirere no gukonjesha ibice, bigatuma pcb yuzuye kandi itesha agaciro PC. Kunyeganyega, guta, gukubita cyangwa kunama pCB bizayihindura kandi bigatera igikoma kugaragara, mugihe kirenze urugero cyangwa kirenze urugero kizatera PCB gucikamo ibice n'inzira.

Ikibazo cya gatanu: PCB ifungura umuzenguruko
Iyo ibimenyetso bimenetse, cyangwa mugihe umugurisha ari kuri padi gusa ntabwo ari kubigize biganisha, umuzenguruko ufunguye ushobora kubaho. Muri iki kibazo, nta kwizihiza cyangwa guhuza hagati yibikorwa na PCB. Nkumuzunguruko mugufi, ibi birashobora no kubaho mugihe cyo gutanga umusaruro cyangwa gusudira nibindi bikorwa. Kunyeganyega cyangwa kurambura akanama kazunguruka, kubitangira cyangwa ibindi bintu byo guhindura imiyoboro bizasenya ibimenyetso cyangwa impapuro zifatanije. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiti cyangwa ubushuhe bishobora gutera abacuruzi cyangwa ibice by'icyuma kwambara, bishobora gutera ibice bitera kuruhuka.

Ikibazo cya gatandatu: Ibigize birekuye cyangwa bisimbutse
Mugihe cyuzuye, ibice bito birashobora kureremba kumugezi washongeshejwe hanyuma amaherezo usige umucuruzi ugana. Impamvu zishoboka zo kwimurwa cyangwa kugoreka zirimo kunyeganyega cyangwa ikusanyirizo ryibice ku kibaho cyagurishijwe cyagurishijwe cyagurishijwe, igenamiterere ryitanura ryaka, nikosa ryabantu.

Ikibazo kirindwi: Ikibazo cyo gusudira
Ibikurikira nibimwe mubibazo biterwa nibikorwa bibi:

Ihuriro ry'abacuruzi bahungabanya: umusirikare yimuka mbere yo gukomera kubera imvururu zo hanze. Ibi bisa numunyamaguru bakonje, ariko impamvu iratandukanye. Irashobora gukosorwa no gushyurwa no kwemeza ko ingingo zingingo zitabangamiwe hanze iyo zikonje.

Ubukonje bukonje: Ibi bintu bibaho mugihe umusirikare adashobora gushonga neza, bikavamo ubuso bubi hamwe nubusanyi bwizewe. Kubera ko umusirikare urenze urinda gushonga byuzuye, abanyamaguru bakonje nabo barashobora kubaho. Umuti nugusubiramo hamwe no gukuraho umusirikare urenze.

Ikiraro cyumugurisha: Ibi bibaho mugihe umusirikare wambukiranya kandi uhuza umubiri bibiri biganisha hamwe. Ibi birashobora gukora imiyoboro itunguranye hamwe numuzunguruko mugufi, bishobora gutera ibice gutwika cyangwa gutwika ibimenyetso mugihe ubu ari hejuru cyane.

Pad: Gutonga bidahagije kwayobowe cyangwa kuyobora. Cyane cyangwa umusirikare muto cyane. PADs izamurwa kubera uburemere bwuzuye cyangwa ikaze.

Ikibazo umunani: Ikosa ryabantu
Ibyinshi mu bidukikije mubyo gukora bya PCB biterwa nikosa ryabantu. Mubihe byinshi, umusaruro utari wo, gushyiramo ibintu bitariyo byibigize hamwe nibisobanuro bifatika bidafite ubushobozi birashobora gutera abagera kuri 64% byindangaswa zirinda. Kubera impamvu zikurikira, amahirwe yo guteza inenge yiyongera hamwe nuburemere bwumuzunguruko numubare wibikorwa byumusaruro: ibice byapakiwe cyane; ibice byinshi by'umuzunguruko; insimbi nziza; Ibice byo kugurisha hejuru; Imbaraga n'indege.

Nubwo umuntu wese ukora cyangwa akoranya yizeye ko ikibaho cya PCB cyakozwe nta nenge, ariko haribibazo byinshi byigishushanyo mbonera nibibazo byumusaruro bitera ibibazo bikomeza PCB.

Ibibazo bisanzwe nibisubizo birimo ingingo zikurikira: Kugurisha nabi birashobora kuganisha kumizunguruko ngufi, fungura imirongo, umugenzuzi ukonje, nibindi .; Kutemeranya ibice by'Inama y'Ubutegetsi birashobora kuganisha ku guhura nabi no gukennye muri rusange; Gusunika nabi kubimenyetso by'umuringa birashobora gutera akantu hamwe na tras hari arc hagati yinsinga; Niba ibimenyetso byumuringa bishyizwe hejuru cyane hagati ya vias, hari ibyago byumuzunguruko bigufi; Ubunini budahagije bwinama yumuzunguruko buzatera kunama no kuvunika.