Muburyo bwo gushushanya no gukora PCB, injeniyeri ntizikeneye gusa gukumira impanuka mugihe cyo gukora PCB, ahubwo zigomba no kwirinda amakosa yo gushushanya. Iyi ngingo ivuga muri make kandi isesengura ibibazo rusange bya PCB, twizeye kuzana ubufasha mubikorwa bya buri wese.

Ikibazo 1: Ikibaho kigufi cya PCB
Iki kibazo nikimwe mumakosa asanzwe azatuma ubuyobozi bwa PCB budakora, kandi hariho impamvu nyinshi ziki kibazo. Reka dusesengure umwe umwe hepfo.

Impamvu nini itera PCB yumuzunguruko mugufi ni igishushanyo mbonera cyagurishijwe. Muri iki gihe, uruziga rugurisha rurashobora guhinduka muburyo bwa oval kugirango wongere intera iri hagati yamanota kugirango wirinde imiyoboro migufi.

Igishushanyo kidakwiriye cyerekezo cyibice bya PCB nacyo kizatera inama ikibaho kigufi kandi ikananirwa gukora. Kurugero, niba pin ya SOIC ihwanye na tin wave, biroroshye gutera impanuka yumuzunguruko. Muri iki gihe, icyerekezo cyigice gishobora guhindurwa muburyo bukwiye kugirango kibe perpendicular kuri tin wave.

Hariho ubundi buryo bushoboka butera kunanirwa kwizunguruka rya PCB, ni ukuvuga, ibyuma byikora byacometse kumaguru. Nkuko IPC iteganya ko uburebure bwa pin butarenze 2mm kandi hari impungenge ko ibice bizagwa mugihe inguni yamaguru yunamye ari nini cyane, biroroshye gutera umuzenguruko mugufi, kandi umugurisha agomba kuba arenze 2mm uvuye kumuzunguruko.

Usibye impamvu eshatu zavuzwe haruguru, hari n'impamvu zimwe zishobora gutera kunanirwa kwizunguruka ryigihe gito cyubuyobozi bwa PCB, nkibyobo binini cyane bya substrate, ubushyuhe buke bw itanura ryubushyuhe, ubukonje buke bwibibaho, kunanirwa kwa mask yabagurisha , n'ikibaho Ihumana rya Surface, nibindi, nibisanzwe bitera kunanirwa. Ba injeniyeri barashobora kugereranya impamvu zavuzwe haruguru hamwe no kubaho kunanirwa gukuraho no kugenzura umwe umwe.

Ikibazo cya 2: Guhuza umwijima nintete bigaragara ku kibaho cya PCB
Ikibazo cyamabara yijimye cyangwa uduce duto duto kuri PCB ahanini biterwa no kwanduza uwagurishije hamwe na okiside irenze ivanze mumabati yashongeshejwe, agize imiterere ihuriweho nabacuruzi iracitse cyane. Witondere kutitiranya ibara ryijimye ryatewe no gukoresha umugurisha ufite amabati make.

Indi mpamvu yiki kibazo nuko ibice byumugurisha bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora byahindutse, kandi ibyanduye ni byinshi cyane. Birakenewe kongeramo amabati meza cyangwa gusimbuza uwagurishije. Ikirahure cyanduye gitera impinduka zifatika mumyubakire ya fibre, nko gutandukanya ibice. Ariko ibi bintu ntibiterwa no kugurisha nabi. Impamvu nuko substrate yashyutswe cyane, birakenewe rero kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya no kugurisha cyangwa kongera umuvuduko wa substrate.

Ikibazo cya gatatu: ingingo zigurisha PCB zihinduka umuhondo wa zahabu
Mubihe bisanzwe, uwagurishije kurubaho rwa PCB ni imvi zijimye, ariko rimwe na rimwe ingingo zigurisha zahabu zigaragara. Impamvu nyamukuru yiki kibazo nuko ubushyuhe buri hejuru. Muri iki gihe, ukeneye gusa kugabanya ubushyuhe bwitanura ryamabati.

Ikibazo 4: Ikibaho kibi nacyo cyibasiwe nibidukikije
Bitewe n'imiterere ya PCB ubwayo, biroroshye guteza ibyangiritse PCB mugihe iri mubidukikije. Ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, ubuhehere bukabije, guhindagurika cyane hamwe nibindi bihe byose nibintu byose bituma imikorere yinama igabanuka cyangwa ikavaho. Kurugero, impinduka zubushyuhe bwibidukikije zizatera ihinduka ryibibaho. Kubwibyo, ingingo zigurisha zizasenywa, imiterere yikibaho izunama, cyangwa ibimenyetso byumuringa kurubaho bishobora gucika.

Ku rundi ruhande, ubuhehere buri mu kirere bushobora gutera okiside, kwangirika no kubora hejuru y’icyuma, urugero nk'umuringa ugaragara, ingingo zigurishwa, amakariso hamwe n'ibiyobora. Kwiyongera k'umwanda, ivumbi, cyangwa imyanda hejuru yibigize hamwe nimbaho ​​zumuzunguruko birashobora kandi kugabanya umuvuduko wumwuka hamwe nubukonje bwibigize, bigatuma PCB ishyuha cyane kandi ikangirika. Kunyeganyega, guta, gukubita cyangwa kugonda PCB bizabihindura kandi bitume igikoma kigaragara, mugihe umuyaga mwinshi cyangwa umuvuduko mwinshi bizatera PCB kumeneka cyangwa gutera gusaza byihuse ibice n'inzira.

Ikibazo cya gatanu: PCB ifunguye uruziga
Iyo ibimenyetso bimenetse, cyangwa mugihe uwagurishije ari kuri padi gusa ntabwo ari mubice biganisha, uruziga rufunguye rushobora kubaho. Muri iki kibazo, nta guhuza cyangwa guhuza hagati yibigize na PCB. Nka sisitemu ngufi, ibi birashobora no kubaho mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa gusudira nibindi bikorwa. Kunyeganyega cyangwa kurambura ikibaho cyumuzunguruko, kubireka cyangwa ibindi bintu byahinduye imashini bizasenya ibimenyetso cyangwa ingingo zigurisha. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imiti cyangwa ubuhehere birashobora gutuma abagurisha cyangwa ibyuma bambara, bishobora gutera ibice biganisha kumeneka.

Ikibazo cya gatandatu: ibice birekuye cyangwa byimuwe
Mugihe cyo kugaruka, ibice bito birashobora kureremba hejuru yuwagurishije hanyuma amaherezo agasiga intego yagurishijwe. Impamvu zishoboka zo kwimurwa cyangwa guhindagurika zirimo kunyeganyega cyangwa gutaka kw'ibigize ku kibaho cya PCB cyagurishijwe kubera inkunga idahagije y’umuzunguruko, kugarura itanura, ibibazo byabacuruzi, hamwe namakosa yabantu.

Ikibazo cya karindwi: ikibazo cyo gusudira
Ibikurikira nibimwe mubibazo biterwa nuburyo bubi bwo gusudira:

Guhuza ibicuruzwa byahungabanye: Umugurisha yimuka mbere yo gukomera kubera imvururu zo hanze. Ibi bisa nibigurisha bikonje, ariko impamvu iratandukanye. Irashobora gukosorwa no gushyushya no kwemeza ko ingingo zigurisha zidahungabanywa ninyuma iyo zikonje.

Ubukonje bukonje: Iki kibazo kibaho mugihe uwagurishije adashobora gushonga neza, bikavamo ubuso butajegajega kandi ntaho bihurira. Kubera ko kugurisha cyane birinda gushonga byuzuye, ingingo zigurisha zikonje nazo zishobora kubaho. Umuti nugushushya ingingo no gukuraho uwagurishije birenze.

Ikiraro cyagurishijwe: Ibi bibaho mugihe uwagurishije yambutse kandi agahuza muburyo bubiri hamwe. Ibi birashobora gukora ibintu bitunguranye hamwe nizunguruka ngufi, bishobora gutera ibice gutwika cyangwa gutwika ibimenyetso mugihe ikigezweho ari kinini cyane.

Pad: guhanagura bidahagije kurongora cyangwa kurongora. Abagurisha cyane cyangwa bake cyane. Amapeti azamurwa kubera ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa kugurisha bikabije.

Ikibazo umunani: ikosa ryabantu
Inyinshi mu nenge mubikorwa bya PCB ziterwa namakosa yabantu. Mu bihe byinshi, uburyo bwo gukora butari bwo, gushyira ibice bitari byo hamwe n’ibikorwa by’umwuga bidasanzwe bishobora gutera kugera kuri 64% by’ibicuruzwa bishobora kwirindwa. Bitewe nimpamvu zikurikira, amahirwe yo gutera inenge yiyongera hamwe ningutu zumuzunguruko numubare wibikorwa: ibice bipakiye cyane; imirongo myinshi yumuzunguruko; insinga nziza; ibikoresho byo kugurisha hejuru; imbaraga n'indege.

Nubwo buri ruganda cyangwa abateranya bizeye ko inama ya PCB yakozwe nta nenge ifite, ariko haribibazo byinshi byo gushushanya no gutunganya umusaruro bitera ibibazo byubuyobozi bwa PCB.

Ibibazo bisanzwe nibisubizo birimo ingingo zikurikira: kugurisha nabi birashobora kuganisha kumuzingo mugufi, imiyoboro ifunguye, guhuza ibicuruzwa bikonje, nibindi.; kudahuza ibice byubuyobozi birashobora gutuma habaho imikoranire mibi no gukora nabi muri rusange; kutabika neza kumuringa wumuringa birashobora kuganisha kumurongo hamwe nibisobanuro Hariho arc hagati yinsinga; niba ibimenyetso byumuringa bishyizwe cyane hagati ya vias, harikibazo cyumuzunguruko mugufi; umubyimba udahagije wibibaho byumuzunguruko bizatera kunama no kuvunika.