Nkuko ingano yibigize PCBA igenda iba nto kandi ntoya, ubucucike buragenda bwiyongera;Uburebure buri hagati yibikoresho nibikoresho (ikibanza / ikibanza cyubutaka hagati ya PCB na PCB) nacyo kiragenda kiba gito, kandi ingaruka z’ibidukikije kuri PCBA nazo ziragenda ziyongera, bityo dushyira imbere ibisabwa hejuru kugirango twizere y'ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike PCBA.
Ibigize PCBA kuva binini kugeza bito, kuva gake kugeza impinduka zuzuye
Ibidukikije n'ingaruka zabyo
Ibintu bisanzwe bidukikije nkubushuhe, umukungugu, gutera umunyu, ifu, nibindi, bitera ibibazo bitandukanye byo kunanirwa kwa PCBA
Ubushuhe bwibidukikije hanze yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki PCB, hafi ya byose harikibazo cyo kwangirika, muribwo amazi aribwo buryo bwingenzi bwo kwangirika, molekile zamazi ni nto bihagije kugirango zinjire mu cyuho cya molekile ya meshi yibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya polymer imbere cyangwa binyuze ibishishwa bya pinholes kugirango bigere munsi yicyuma.Iyo ikirere kigeze ku butumburuke runaka, birashobora gutera PCB kwimuka kwamashanyarazi, kumeneka no kugoreka ibimenyetso mumashanyarazi menshi.
Inteko ya PCBA | Gutunganya ibice bya SMT |umuzunguruko wumuzunguruko gutunganya | OEM ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki |gutunganya ibizunguruka byumuzunguruko - Ikoranabuhanga rya Gaotuo
Umwuka / ubuhehere + ionic umwanda (umunyu, flux ikora) = electrolyte ikora + imbaraga za voltage = kwimuka kwa electrochemic
Iyo RH mu kirere igeze kuri 80%, hazaba hari molekile ya 5 kugeza kuri 20 ya firime yuzuye, molekile zose zirashobora kugenda kubuntu, mugihe hari karubone, zishobora kubyara amashanyarazi;Iyo RH igeze kuri 60%, urwego rwibikoresho bizakora firime yamazi ifite umubyimba wa molekile ya 2 kugeza kuri 4, kandi reaction yimiti izabaho mugihe umwanda ushonga.Iyo RH <20% mukirere, ibintu hafi ya byose byangirika bihagarara;
Kubwibyo, kurinda ubushuhe nigice cyingenzi cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa.
Kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ubuhehere buza muburyo butatu: imvura, kondegene, hamwe numwuka wamazi.Amazi ni electrolyte ishobora gushonga ion nyinshi zibora zangiza ibyuma.Iyo ubushyuhe bwigice runaka cyibikoresho buri munsi y "ikime cyikime" (ubushyuhe), hazabaho kondegene hejuru: ibice byubatswe cyangwa PCBA.
umukungugu
Mu kirere hari umukungugu, kandi ivumbi ryangiza imyuka ihumanya kugirango iture imbere mubikoresho bya elegitoronike kandi bitera kunanirwa.Nibintu bisanzwe biranga kunanirwa kwa elegitoronike murwego.
Umukungugu ugabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: umukungugu utubutse ni uduce tudasanzwe dufite diameter ya microne 2,5 kugeza kuri 15, mubisanzwe ntabwo bitera ibibazo nko kunanirwa, arc, ariko bigira ingaruka kumikoranire yabahuza;Umukungugu mwiza ni uduce tudasanzwe hamwe na diametero iri munsi ya microne 2.5.Umukungugu mwiza ufite aho uhurira na PCBA (veneer) kandi urashobora gukurwaho na brux anti-static.
Ingaruka z'umukungugu: a.Bitewe n'umukungugu utuye hejuru ya PCBA, amashanyarazi yangirika, kandi igipimo cyo gutsindwa cyiyongera;b.Umukungugu + wuzuye ubushyuhe + spray yumunyu wangiritse cyane kuri PCBA, kandi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byananiranye nibyinshi mubibaya byo ku nkombe, ubutayu (ubutaka bwa saline-alkali), hamwe ninganda zikora imiti nubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro hafi yumugezi wa Huaihe mugihe cyizuba nimvura. .
Kubwibyo, kurinda ivumbi nigice cyingenzi cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa.
Gutera umunyu
Imiterere yumunyu wumunyu: spray yumunyu iterwa nibintu bisanzwe nkumuraba, imiraba hamwe nizunguruka ryikirere (monsoon), izuba, kandi bizagwa imbere imbere hamwe numuyaga, kandi ubukana bwabwo bugabanuka hamwe nintera yinyanja, mubisanzwe 1Km uvuye inkombe ni 1% yinkombe (ariko inkubi y'umuyaga izahuha cyane).
Ingaruka zo gutera umunyu: a.kwangiza igifuniko cy'ibice byubatswe;b.Kwihuta kwamashanyarazi kwangirika biganisha kumeneka wicyuma no kunanirwa kwibigize.
Inkomoko isa na ruswa: a.Hariho umunyu, urea, aside ya lactique nindi miti iri mu icyuya cyamaboko, bigira ingaruka mbi kubikoresho bya elegitoronike nka spray yumunyu, bityo gants igomba kwambara mugihe cyo guterana cyangwa kuyikoresha, kandi igipfundikizo ntigomba gukorwaho amaboko yambaye ubusa;b.Hariho halogene na acide muri flux, bigomba gusukurwa hamwe nibisigisigi byayo bigenzurwa.
Kubwibyo, kwirinda gusasa umunyu nigice cyingenzi cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa.
ibumba
Mildew, izina risanzwe ryibihumyo, bisobanura “ibihumyo byumye,” bikunda gukora mycelium nziza, ariko ntibitanga umubiri munini wera nk'ibihumyo.Ahantu h'ubushyuhe kandi hashyushye, ibintu byinshi bikura ibintu bigaragara bigaragara, flocculent cyangwa igitagangurirwa, ibyo bikaba bibumbwe.
Ikibaho cya PCB
Ibibi byububiko: a.fagocytose yibumba no gukwirakwizwa bituma insulasiyo yibikoresho kama igabanuka, kwangirika no gutsindwa;b.Metabolite yububiko ni acide kama, igira ingaruka kumashanyarazi no kurwanya amashanyarazi kandi ikabyara arc.
Inteko ya PCBA | Gutunganya ibice bya SMT |umuzunguruko wumuzunguruko gutunganya | OEM ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki |gutunganya ibizunguruka byumuzunguruko - Ikoranabuhanga rya Gaotuo
Kubwibyo, anti-mold nigice cyingenzi cyo kurinda ibicuruzwa.
Urebye ibice byavuzwe haruguru, ubwizerwe bwibicuruzwa bugomba kuba bwizewe neza, kandi bugomba gutandukanywa n’ibidukikije hanze nkibishoboka, bityo uburyo bwo gutwikira imiterere bukaba bwatangijwe.
Nyuma yo gutwikira PCB, ingaruka zo kurasa munsi y itara ryumutuku, umwimerere wumwimerere nawo urashobora kuba mwiza cyane!
Ibintu bitatu birwanya irangi bivuga ubuso bwa PCB butwikiriwe nuburinganire bworoshye bwo kurinda insulasiyo, kuri ubu ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane nyuma yo gusudira nyuma yo gusudira, rimwe na rimwe bizwi nko gutwikira hejuru, gutwikira imiterere (Izina ry'icyongereza coating, coating guhuza) ).Itandukanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye biturutse ahantu habi, bitezimbere cyane umutekano nubwizerwe bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike no kongera ubuzima bwibicuruzwa.Ipitingi irwanya Tri irinda imizunguruko / ibigize ibintu bidukikije nk'ubushuhe, ibyanduye, kwangirika, guhangayika, guhungabana, kunyeganyega kwa mashini hamwe no gusiganwa ku magare, mu gihe binatezimbere imbaraga za mashini hamwe n’ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa.
Nyuma yo gutwikira, PCB ikora firime ikingira mu mucyo hejuru, ishobora gukumira neza kwinjiza amasaro y’amazi n’ubushuhe, kwirinda kumeneka no gutembera bigufi.
2. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gutwikira
Ukurikije ibisabwa na IPC-A-610E (Ikizamini cya elegitoroniki yo Kwipimisha Ikigereranyo), kigaragara cyane mubice bikurikira
Ubuyobozi bukomeye bwa PCB
1. Ibice bidashobora gutwikirwa:
Ibice bisaba guhuza amashanyarazi, nkibipapuro bya zahabu, intoki za zahabu, ibyuma binyuze mu mwobo, ibyobo byipimisha;Bateri na batiri;Umuhuza;Fuse n'inzu;Igikoresho cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe;Umugozi usimbuka;Lens y'ibikoresho bya optique;Potentiometero;Sensor;Nta cyuma gifunze;Ibindi bice aho gutwikira bishobora guhindura imikorere cyangwa imikorere.
2. Ibice bigomba gutwikirwa: ingingo zose zigurisha, pin, abayobora ibice.
3. Uturere dushobora gusiga irangi cyangwa udashobora
ubunini
Ubunini bupimirwa hejuru, nta mbogamizi, yakize hejuru yumuzunguruko wacapwe, cyangwa ku isahani yomugereka ikora inzira yo gukora hamwe nibigize.Ikibaho cyometseho gishobora kuba mubikoresho bimwe nkibibaho byacapwe cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bidafite imbaraga, nkicyuma cyangwa ikirahure.Ibipimo by'uburebure bwa firime birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkuburyo butemewe bwo gupima uburebure bwimbitse, hashingiwe ko isano iri hagati yubushyuhe bwa firime yumye kandi itose.
Imbonerahamwe 1: Ubunini buringaniye kuri buri bwoko bwibikoresho
Uburyo bwo gupima ubunini:
1. Igikoresho cyo gupima uburebure bwa firime: micrometero (IPC-CC-830B);b Kuma ya firime yumye Gauge (base base)
Micrometer yumye ibikoresho bya firime
2. Gupima uburebure bwa firime: Ubunini bwa firime itose irashobora kuboneka ukoresheje igipimo cya firime itose, hanyuma ukabarwa ukurikije igipimo cyibintu bikomeye bya kole
Umubyimba wa firime yumye
Umubyimba wa firime itose uboneka hamwe nubunini bwa firime yuzuye, hanyuma ubunini bwamafirime yumye burabaze
Gukemura impande
Igisobanuro: Mubihe bisanzwe, spray valve spray hanze yumurongo ntizigororotse cyane, hazajya habaho burr runaka.Turasobanura ubugari bwa burr nkibisubizo byuruhande.Nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo, ingano ya d nigiciro cyibisubizo.
Icyitonderwa: Igisubizo cyuruhande rwose ni gitoya cyiza, ariko ibyifuzo byabakiriya bitandukanye ntabwo arimwe, bityo umwirondoro wihariye wateganijwe igihe cyose wujuje ibyifuzo byabakiriya.
Kugereranya impande zombi
Uburinganire, kole igomba kumera nkubunini bumwe na firime yoroheje ibonerana hejuru yibicuruzwa, hibandwa ku bumwe bwa kole itwikiriye ibicuruzwa hejuru yakarere, noneho bigomba kuba bifite ubunini bumwe, ntakibazo gihari: gucamo, gutondekanya, imirongo ya orange, umwanda, capillary phenomenon, ibituba.
Axis yikora ya AC ikurikirana yimashini itwikiriye, uburinganire burahuye
3. Uburyo bwo gutahura uburyo bwo gutwikira no gutunganya
Intambwe ya 1 Witegure
Tegura ibicuruzwa na kole nibindi bintu nkenerwa;Menya aho kurinda umutekano waho;Menya ibintu by'ingenzi birambuye
Intambwe ya 2 Gukaraba
Igomba gusukurwa mugihe gito nyuma yo gusudira kugirango wirinde gusudira umwanda bitoroshye kuyisukura;Menya niba umwanda nyamukuru ari polar cyangwa idafite inkingi kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho byogusukura;Niba hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byoza inzoga, ibibazo byumutekano bigomba kwitabwaho: hagomba kubaho uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka no gukonjesha no gukama nyuma yo gukaraba, kugirango hirindwe ihindagurika ry’ibisigisigi biterwa no guturika mu ziko;Isuku y'amazi, oza flux ukoresheje alkaline yoza amazi (emulsion), hanyuma ukarabe amazi yoza n'amazi meza kugirango wuzuze ubuziranenge;
3. Kurinda mask (niba ibikoresho byatoranijwe bidakoreshwa), ni ukuvuga mask;
Ugomba guhitamo firime idafatika ntishobora kohereza impapuro kaseti;Impapuro zirwanya static zigomba gukoreshwa mu kurinda IC;Ukurikije ibisabwa gushushanya, ibikoresho bimwe birakingiwe;
4.Kwangiza
Nyuma yo gukora isuku, PCBA ikingiwe (ibice) igomba kubanza gukama no guhanagurwa mbere yo gutwikira;Menya ubushyuhe / igihe cyo kubanza gukama ukurikije ubushyuhe bwemewe na PCBA (ibice);
Imbonerahamwe 2: PCBA (ibice) irashobora kwemererwa kumenya ubushyuhe / igihe cyameza mbere yo kumisha
Intambwe ya 5 Saba
Uburyo bwo gutwikira biterwa nibisabwa kurinda PCBA, ibikoresho bitunganijwe bihari hamwe nububiko bwa tekiniki buriho, mubisanzwe bigerwaho muburyo bukurikira:
a.Koza intoki
Uburyo bwo gusiga amaboko
Brush coating ninzira ikoreshwa cyane, ibereye kubyara umusaruro muto, imiterere ya PCBA iragoye kandi yuzuye, ikeneye gukingira ibisabwa kurinda ibicuruzwa bikaze.Kuberako gukaraba bishobora kugenzura igifuniko uko bishakiye, ibice bitemewe gusiga irangi ntibizanduzwa;Koza gukoresha ibikoresho bike, bikwiranye nigiciro cyo hejuru cyibice bibiri;Igikorwa cyo gukaraba gifite ibisabwa byinshi kubakoresha, kandi ibishushanyo nibisabwa kugirango bipfundikire bigomba gusya neza mbere yubwubatsi, kandi amazina yibigize PCBA arashobora kumenyekana, kandi ibimenyetso bibereye ijisho bigomba gushyirwaho kubice bitemewe gutwikirwa.Umukoresha ntiyemerewe gukora ku icapiro ryacapishijwe intoki igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugirango yirinde kwanduza;
Inteko ya PCBA | Gutunganya ibice bya SMT |umuzunguruko wumuzunguruko gutunganya | OEM ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki |gutunganya ibizunguruka byumuzunguruko - Ikoranabuhanga rya Gaotuo
b.Shira intoki
Uburyo bwo gutwika intoki
Igikoresho cyo gushira gitanga ibisubizo byiza byo gutwikira, bituma umwenda umwe, uhoraho ushyirwa mubice byose bya PCBA.Igikoresho cyo gutwika ntigikwiranye nibice bya PCBA hamwe na capacator zishobora guhinduka, cores trimmer, potentiometero, cores zimeze nkigikombe hamwe nibikoresho bimwe bifunze nabi.
Ibipimo byingenzi byerekana uburyo bwo gutwika:
Hindura ubwiza bukwiye;Igenzura umuvuduko PCBA yazamuye kugirango wirinde ibituba.Mubisanzwe ntibirenza metero 1 kumasegonda kwiyongera kumuvuduko;
c.Gutera
Gusasa nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi byemewe muburyo bworoshye, bugabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri bikurikira:
Gutera intoki
Sisitemu yo gutera intoki
Birakwiriye ko ibintu byakorwa bigoye kandi bigoye gushingira kubikoresho byabigenewe kugirango bibyare umusaruro mwinshi, kandi biranakwiriye ko umurongo wibicuruzwa ufite ubwoko bwinshi ariko umubare ni muto, kandi ushobora guterwa umwanya wihariye.
Gutera intoki bigomba kwitonderwa: ibicu byo gusiga irangi byangiza ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe, nka PCB plug-ins ya PCB, socket ya IC, bimwe byoroshye guhuza hamwe nibice bimwe na bimwe byubutaka, ibi bice bigomba kwitondera ubwizerwe bwo kurinda ingabo.Indi ngingo ni uko uyikoresha atagomba gukora ku cyapa cyacapishijwe intoki igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo yirinde kwanduza ubuso bw’imiterere.
Sp Gutera mu buryo bwikora
Mubisanzwe bivuga gutera byikora hamwe nibikoresho byatoranijwe.Birakwiye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, guhuzagurika neza, neza, kwangiza ibidukikije bike.Hamwe no kuzamura inganda, kuzamura ibiciro byakazi hamwe nibisabwa bikomeye byo kurengera ibidukikije, ibikoresho byo gutera byikora bigenda bisimbuza buhoro buhoro ubundi buryo bwo gutwikira.