Ntakibazo cyaba cyanditseho ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gikenewe cyangwa ubwoko bwibikoresho bikoreshwa, PCB igomba gukora neza. Ni urufunguzo rwo gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, kandi kunanirwa birashobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye.

Kugenzura PCB mugihe cyo gushushanya, gukora, no guteranya ni ngombwa kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bikore nkuko byari byitezwe. Uyu munsi, PCB ziragoye cyane. Nubwo ibi bigoye bitanga umwanya kubintu byinshi bishya, bizana kandi ibyago byinshi byo gutsindwa. Hamwe niterambere rya PCB, tekinoroji yubugenzuzi nikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwayo burusheho gutera imbere.

Hitamo tekinoroji yo gutahura ukoresheje ubwoko bwa PCB, intambwe igezweho mubikorwa byo gukora namakosa agomba kugeragezwa. Gutegura gahunda ikwiye yo kugenzura no kugerageza ni ngombwa kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge.

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Kuki dukeneye kugenzura PCB?
Kugenzura nintambwe yingenzi mubikorwa byose bya PCB. Irashobora kumenya inenge ya PCB kugirango ikosorwe kandi itezimbere imikorere rusange.

Kugenzura PCB birashobora kwerekana inenge zose zishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa guterana. Irashobora kandi gufasha guhishura inenge iyo ari yo yose ishobora kubaho. Kugenzura PCB nyuma ya buri cyiciro cyibikorwa birashobora kubona inenge mbere yo kwinjira mucyiciro gikurikira, bityo ukirinda guta igihe kinini namafaranga yo kugura ibicuruzwa bifite inenge. Irashobora kandi gufasha kubona inenge yigihe kimwe igira ingaruka kuri PC imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Iyi nzira ifasha kwemeza ubuziranenge hagati yubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko nibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Hatabayeho uburyo bukwiye bwo kugenzura PCB, imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko zifite inenge zishobora guhabwa abakiriya. Niba umukiriya yakiriye ibicuruzwa bifite inenge, uwabikoze arashobora guhomba kubera kwishyura garanti cyangwa kugaruka. Abakiriya nabo bazatakaza ikizere muri sosiyete, bityo bangiza izina ryikigo. Niba abakiriya bimuye ubucuruzi bwabo ahandi, iki kibazo gishobora gutuma habaho amahirwe.

Mugihe kibi cyane, niba PCB ifite inenge ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa nkibikoresho byubuvuzi cyangwa ibice byimodoka, birashobora gukomeretsa cyangwa gupfa. Ibibazo nkibi birashobora gutuma umuntu atakaza izina rikomeye hamwe n’imanza zihenze.

Igenzura rya PCB rirashobora kandi gufasha kunoza imikorere yose ya PCB. Niba inenge ikunze kuboneka, ingamba zirashobora gufatwa murwego rwo gukosora inenge.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura inteko yumuzunguruko
Igenzura rya PCB ni iki? Kugirango PCB ishobore gukora nkuko byari byitezwe, uwabikoze agomba kugenzura ko ibice byose byateranijwe neza. Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe urukurikirane rwubuhanga, kuva ubugenzuzi bworoshye bwintoki kugeza kwipimisha ryikora ukoresheje ibikoresho bigenzura PCB bigezweho.

Kugenzura intoki ni intangiriro nziza. Kubisanzwe byoroshye PCBs, urashobora kubikenera gusa.
Igenzura ry'intoki:
Uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura PCB nubugenzuzi bwintoki (MVI). Kugirango ukore ibizamini nkibi, abakozi barashobora kureba ikibaho n'amaso cyangwa bakuza. Bazagereranya ikibaho ninyandiko zishushanya kugirango barebe ko ibisobanuro byose byujujwe. Bazareba kandi indangagaciro zisanzwe. Ubwoko bwinenge bashakisha biterwa nubwoko bwumuzunguruko hamwe nibigize.

Nibyiza gukora MVI nyuma yintambwe hafi yuburyo bwo gukora PCB (harimo guterana).

Umugenzuzi agenzura hafi buri kintu cyose cyubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko kandi akareba inenge zitandukanye zisanzwe muri buri kintu. Ubusanzwe igenzura rya PCB ryerekana urutonde rushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:
Menya neza ko ubunini bwikibaho cyumuzunguruko ari bwo, kandi urebe hejuru yubuso bwintambara.
Reba niba ingano yibigize yujuje ibisobanuro, kandi witondere byumwihariko ubunini bujyanye nu mashanyarazi.
Reba ubunyangamugayo nubusobanuro bwuburyo bwo kuyobora, hanyuma urebe ibiraro byabagurisha, imiyoboro ifunguye, burrs nubusa.
Reba ubuziranenge bwubuso hanyuma urebe niba amenyo, amenyo, gushushanya, pinholes nizindi nenge ziri kumpapuro zacapwe.
Emeza ko byose binyuze mumyobo biri mumwanya ukwiye. Menya neza ko nta gusiba cyangwa umwobo udakwiye, diameter ihuye n'ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi nta cyuho cyangwa ipfundo.
Reba neza, gukomera no kumurika isahani yinyuma, hanyuma urebe inenge yazamuye.
Suzuma ubuziranenge. Reba ibara rya plaque flux, kandi niba ari kimwe, gihamye kandi muburyo bukwiye.

Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwubugenzuzi, MVI ifite ibyiza byinshi. Kubera ubworoherane bwayo, ni make. Usibye kwongerwaho imbaraga, nta bikoresho byihariye bisabwa. Iri genzura rirashobora kandi gukorwa vuba cyane, kandi rirashobora kongerwaho byoroshye kurangiza inzira iyariyo yose.

Gukora ubugenzuzi nkubwo, ikintu gikenewe nukubona abakozi babigize umwuga. Niba ufite ubuhanga bukenewe, ubu buhanga bushobora kugufasha. Ariko, ni ngombwa ko abakozi bashobora gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera kandi bakamenya inenge zigomba kwitonderwa.

Imikorere yubu buryo bwo kugenzura irahari. Ntishobora kugenzura ibice bitari mumurongo w'abakozi. Kurugero, guhisha kugurisha guhishe ntibishobora kugenzurwa murubu buryo. Abakozi barashobora kandi kubura inenge zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane inenge nto. Gukoresha ubu buryo kugirango ugenzure ibibaho byumuzunguruko hamwe nibice byinshi bito biragoye cyane.

Igenzura ryikora ryikora:
Urashobora kandi gukoresha imashini igenzura PCB kugirango igenzurwe neza. Ubu buryo bwitwa optique optique (AOI).

Sisitemu ya AOI ikoresha amasoko menshi yumucyo hamwe nimwe cyangwa byinshi bihagaze cyangwa kamera kugirango bigenzurwe. Inkomoko yumucyo imurikira ikibaho PCB uhereye impande zose. Kamera noneho ifata ishusho cyangwa videwo yikibaho cyumuzunguruko hanyuma ikagikora kugirango ikore ishusho yuzuye yibikoresho. Sisitemu noneho igereranya amashusho yafashwe namakuru ajyanye nisura yubuyobozi uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera cyangwa ibice byuzuye byemewe.

Ibikoresho byombi 2D na 3D AOI birahari. Imashini ya 2D AOI ikoresha amatara yamabara na kamera kuruhande uhereye kumpande nyinshi kugirango igenzure ibice bifite uburebure. Ibikoresho bya 3D AOI ni bishya kandi birashobora gupima uburebure bwibigize vuba kandi neza.

AOI irashobora kubona inenge nyinshi nka MVI, harimo nodules, gushushanya, imiyoboro ifunguye, kugurisha ibicuruzwa, kubura ibice, nibindi.

AOI ni tekinoroji ikuze kandi yuzuye ishobora kumenya amakosa menshi muri PCBs. Ni ingirakamaro cyane mubyiciro byinshi byimikorere ya PCB. Nibyihuta kandi MVI kandi ikuraho ibishoboka byamakosa yabantu. Kimwe na MVI, ntishobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ibice bitagaragara, nkibihuza byihishe munsi yumupira wa gride (BGA) nubundi bwoko bwo gupakira. Ibi ntibishobora kuba ingirakamaro kuri PCBs hamwe nibice byinshi byibanda, kuberako bimwe mubice bishobora guhishwa cyangwa guhishirwa.
Ikizamini cya laser cyikora:
Ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura PCB ni gupima laser laser (ALT) gupima. Urashobora gukoresha ALT kugirango upime ingano yingingo zagurishijwe hamwe nuwagurishije hamwe hamwe no kwerekana ibintu bitandukanye.

Sisitemu ya ALT ikoresha laser yo gusikana no gupima ibice bya PCB. Iyo urumuri rugaragarira mubice byubuyobozi, sisitemu ikoresha umwanya wumucyo kugirango umenye uburebure bwayo. Ipima kandi ubukana bwibiti byerekanwe kugirango hamenyekane ibice bigize. Sisitemu irashobora kugereranya ibi bipimo nibisobanuro byihariye, cyangwa nimbaho ​​zumuzingi zemejwe kugirango zimenyekane neza inenge zose.

Gukoresha sisitemu ya ALT nibyiza muguhitamo umubare hamwe nububiko bwabacuruzi ba paste. Itanga amakuru ajyanye no guhuza, ubwiza, isuku nibindi bintu byo kugurisha paste. Uburyo bwa ALT butanga amakuru arambuye kandi burashobora gupimwa vuba cyane. Ubu bwoko bwibipimo mubisanzwe ni ukuri ariko bigaterwa no kwivanga cyangwa gukingirwa.

Igenzura rya X-ray:
Hamwe no kuzamuka kwikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji, PCB zabaye nyinshi kandi zigoye. Noneho, imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko zifite ubucucike buri hejuru, ibice bito, kandi bikubiyemo ipaki ya chip nka BGA hamwe na chip igipimo cyo gupakira (CSP), aho ibicuruzwa byihishe bidashobora kuboneka. Iyi mikorere izana ibibazo mubugenzuzi bugaragara nka MVI na AOI.

Kugira ngo ukemure ibyo bibazo, ibikoresho byo kugenzura X-ray birashobora gukoreshwa. Ibikoresho bikurura X-ray ukurikije uburemere bwa atome. Ibintu biremereye bikurura byinshi naho ibintu byoroheje bikurura bike, bishobora gutandukanya ibikoresho. Solder ikozwe mubintu biremereye nka tin, silver, na gurş, mugihe ibindi bice byinshi kuri PCB bikozwe mubintu byoroshye nka aluminium, umuringa, karubone, na silikoni. Nkigisubizo, uwagurishije biroroshye kubona mugihe cyo kugenzura X-ray, mugihe ibindi bice byose (harimo insimburangingo, amasasu, hamwe na silikoni ihuriweho na sisitemu) itagaragara.

X-imirasire ntigaragazwa nkumucyo, ariko unyuze mubintu kugirango ukore ishusho yikintu. Iyi nzira ituma bishoboka kubona binyuze muri chip pack hamwe nibindi bice kugirango ugenzure abagurisha munsi yabyo. Igenzura rya X-rishobora kandi kubona imbere yingingo zigurisha kugirango ubone ibibyimba bidashobora kugaragara hamwe na AOI.

Sisitemu ya X-irashobora kandi kubona agatsinsino k'umugurisha. Mugihe cya AOI, umugurisha uzagurishwa nuyoboye. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe ukoresheje X-ray igenzura, nta gicucu cyinjira. Kubwibyo, X-ray igenzura ikora neza kubibaho byumuzingi hamwe nibice byinshi. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura X-birashobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura intoki za X-ray, cyangwa sisitemu ya X-yikora irashobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura X-ray mu buryo bwikora (AXI).

Igenzura rya X-ni ihitamo ryiza kubibaho byinshi byumuzunguruko, kandi bifite imirimo imwe nubundi buryo bwo kugenzura budafite, nkubushobozi bwo gucengera chip pack. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa neza mugusuzuma PCB zipakiye cyane, kandi irashobora gukora ubugenzuzi burambuye kubigurisha. Ikoranabuhanga ni rishya, riragoye, kandi birashoboka cyane. Gusa mugihe ufite umubare munini wibibaho byumuzunguruko hamwe na BGA, CSP nibindi bikoresho nkibi, ugomba gushora mubikoresho byo kugenzura X-ray.