Nubwo ubwoko bwumuzunguruko wanditse bukeneye kubakwa cyangwa ubwoko bwibikoresho bukoreshwa, PCB igomba gukora neza. Nurufunguzo rwo gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi, kandi kunanirwa birashobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye.

Kugenzura PCB mugihe gishushanyo, ingana, no guterana ni ngombwa kugirango ibicuruzwa bihuye nibipimo byiza kandi bikora nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe nkuko byari byitezwe. Uyu munsi, PCBs iragoye cyane. Nubwo ubu buryo bugoye butanga icyumba kubintu byinshi bishya, binazana ibyago byinshi byo gutsindwa. Hamwe n'iterambere rya PCB, Ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe mu kwemeza ko ubuziranenge bugenda bugenda bugenda.

Hitamo ikoranabuhanga ryukuri binyuze mubwoko bwa PCB, intambwe iriho muri gahunda yo gukora kandi amakosa ageragezwa. Gutezimbere gahunda ikwiye na gahunda yo kwipimisha ni ngombwa kugirango ibicuruzwa byiza.

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Kuki dukeneye kugenzura PCB?
Ubugenzuzi nintambwe y'ingenzi muri gahunda zose za PCB. Irashobora kumenya inenge ya PCB kugirango ukosore kandi itezimbere imikorere rusange.

Kugenzura bya PCB birashobora kwerekana inenge iyo ari yo yose ishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa guterana. Irashobora kandi gufasha guhishura amakosa akomeye ashobora kubaho. Kugenzura PCB nyuma ya buri cyiciro cyibikorwa birashobora kubona inenge mbere yo kwinjiza urwego rukurikira, bityo wirinde guta igihe n'amafaranga yo kugura ibicuruzwa bifite inenge. Irashobora kandi gufasha kubona inenge imwe igira ingaruka kuri PCB imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Iyi mikorere ifasha kunganura ubuziranenge hagati yinama yumuzunguruko nibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Nta bushobozi bwa PCB bukwiye bwa PCB, imbaho ​​zidafite inenge zishobora gutangwa kubakiriya. Niba umukiriya yakiriye ibicuruzwa bifite inenge, uwabikoze ashobora kuba igihombo kubera ko garanti yo kwishyura cyangwa kugaruka. Abakiriya bazabura kandi kwizerwa muri sosiyete, bityo bagangiza izina ryisosiyete. Niba abakiriya bimukiye mubucuruzi bwabo ahandi, iki kibazo gishobora gutuma amahirwe yabuze.

Mubibazo bibi cyane, niba pCB ifite inenge ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa nkibikoresho byubuvuzi cyangwa ibice byimodoka, birashobora gutera igikomere cyangwa urupfu. Ibibazo nkibi birashobora kuganisha ku gutakaza cyane no kuburana bihenze.

Ubugenzuzi bwa PCB burashobora kandi gufasha kunoza inzira zose za PCB. Niba inenge iboneka kenshi, ingamba zishobora gufatwa mubikorwa kugirango ukosore inenge.

Uburyo bw'umuzunguruko bwoherejwe
Ubugenzuzi bwa PCB ni iki? Kugirango PCB ishobora gukora nkuko byari byitezwe, uwabikoze agomba kugenzura ko ibice byose byateraniye neza. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze murukurikirane rwubuhanga, kuva mu gitabo cyoroshye cyo kugenzura ibizamini byikora ukoresheje ibikoresho byubugenzuzi bwa PCB.

Ubugenzuzi bwerekana nintangiriro nziza. Kuri PCB yoroshye ugereranije, urashobora kubakenera gusa.
Igenzura riboneka:
Uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura PCB ni imfashanyigisho yerekana (MVI). Gukora ibizamini nkibi, abakozi barashobora kureba ikibaho hamwe nijisho cyangwa gusoza. Bazagereranya ikibaho ninyandiko yo gushushanya kugirango yemeze ko ibisobanuro byose byujujwe. Bazashakisha kandi indangagaciro zisanzwe. Ubwoko bw'inereka bashakisha biterwa n'ubwoko bw'inama y'umuzunguruko n'ibigize.

Nibyiza gukora mvi nyuma ya buri ntambwe yimikorere ya PCB (harimo ninteko).

Umugenzuzi agenzura hafi ya byose byinama yumuzunguruko kandi ashakisha inenge zitandukanye muri buri kintu. Urutonde rusanzwe rwa PCB rushobora kubamo ibi bikurikira:
Menya neza ko umubyimba winama yumuzunguruko ari ukuri, hanyuma urebe ubuso bwuzuye nintambara.
Reba niba ingano yibigize yujuje ibisobanuro, kandi witondere cyane ubunini bujyanye numuhuza wamashanyarazi.
Reba ubunyangamugayo kandi usobanutse neza, hanyuma urebe ibiraro byumusirikare, bikingura imirongo, bihagurukira.
Reba ubuziranenge hanyuma ugenzure amenyo, amenyo, ibishushanyo, Pinchsches, Pinholes nibindi nkunga kuri Trices na Padi.
Emeza ko ibyokurya byose biri mumwanya ukwiye. Menya neza ko nta mwobo cyangwa umwobo udakwiye, diameter ihuye nibishushanyo mbonera, kandi nta cyuho cyangwa ipfundo.
Reba ushikamye, ubukana n'ubwiza bw'isahani yo gusubira inyuma, hanyuma urebe inenge zashyizwe ahagaragara.
Gusuzuma ubuziranenge. Reba ibara rya slax, kandi niba ari imwe, ishikamye kandi muburyo bukwiye.

Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwubugenzuzi, MVI ifite ibyiza byinshi. Kubera ubworoherane bwayo, ni igiciro gito. Usibye kongerera ibishoboka, nta bikoresho bidasanzwe birakenewe. Kugenzura birashobora kandi gukorwa vuba, kandi birashobora kongera byoroshye kurangiza inzira iyo ari yo yose.

Gukora igenzura nkiryo, ikintu cyonyine gikenewe nukubona abakozi babigize umwuga. Niba ufite ubumenyi bukenewe, ubu buhanga burashobora gufasha. Ariko, ni ngombwa ko abakozi bashobora gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera kandi bakamenya inenge zigomba kuvugwa.

Imikorere yiki buryo bwo kugenzura ni gito. Ntishobora kugenzura ibice bitari mumurongo wumukozi wo kureba. Kurugero, ingingo zihishe zidashobora kugenzurwa muri ubu buryo. Abakozi barashobora kandi kubura inenge, cyane cyane inenge nto. Ukoresheje ubu buryo kugirango ugenzure imbaho ​​zizunguruka hamwe nibice bito byinshi biragoye cyane.

Automati yikora:
Urashobora kandi gukoresha imashini yubugenzuzi bwa PCB yo kugenzura. Ubu buryo bwitwa Automatic Kugenzura Optique (AOI).

Sisitemu ya aoi ikoresha amasoko menshi yoroheje na kimwe cyangwa byinshi cyangwa kamera kugirango ugenzure. Inkomoko yumucyo imurikira ikibaho cya PCB kuva impande zose. Kamera noneho ifata ishusho cyangwa videwo yinama yumuzunguruko kandi ikayitera gukora ishusho yuzuye yikikoresho. Sisitemu noneho igereranya amashusho yafashwe namakuru ajyanye no kugaragara kw'Inama y'Ubugenzuzi cyangwa byemewe.

Byombi bya 2d na 3d bikoresho bya Aoi birahari. Imashini ya 2d ikoresha amatara y'amabara hamwe na kamera kuruhande kuva impande nyinshi kugirango urebe ibice bigize uburebure bwibirimo. 3D Aoi Ibikoresho bishya cyane kandi birashobora gupima uburebure bwikirenga kandi neza.

Aoi irashobora kubona inenge nyinshi nka MVI, harimo nodules, gushushanya, gufungura imirongo, umusirikare urondeyemo, ibiti byabuze, nibindi

Aoi ni tekinoroji yo gukura kandi yukuri ishobora kumenya amakosa menshi muri PCB. Ni ingirakamaro cyane mubice byinshi bya PCB. Izihuta kandi kurenza MVI no gukuraho amahirwe yo ikosa ryabantu. Kimwe na MVI, ntishobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ibice bitagaragara, nko guhuza bihishe munsi ya gride ya ball arrays (Bga) nubundi bwoko bwibipfunyika. Ibi ntibishobora kuba byiza kuri PCB hamwe nibintu byo hejuru, kuko bimwe mubigize bishobora guhishwa cyangwa guhisha.
Gupima ikizamini cya laster
Ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura bwa PCB ni ikizamini cya laser (Alt). Urashobora gukoresha Alt kugirango upime ingano yumuryango nuwagurishije hamwe nibitekerezo byibice bitandukanye.

Sisitemu ya Alt ikoresha laser kuri scan no gupima ibice bya PCB. Iyo umucyo ugaragaza mubice byubuyobozi, sisitemu ikoresha umwanya wumucyo kugirango imenye uburebure bwayo. Irapima kandi ubukana bwa beam yagaragaye kugirango imenye ibimenyetso byibigize. Sisitemu irashobora kugereranya ibi bipimo hamwe nibishushanyo mbonera, cyangwa hamwe nimbeho z'umuzunguruko zemewe kugirango zimenye neza inenge zose.

Gukoresha sisitemu ya Alt ni byiza ko kugena amafaranga n'aho uherereye. Itanga amakuru ajyanye no guhuza, vino, isuku nibindi mitungo ya paste yaka. Uburyo bwa Alt itanga amakuru arambuye kandi arashobora gupimwa vuba. Ubu bwoko bwibipimo mubisanzwe burasobanutse ariko bugabujijwe kwivanga cyangwa gukingira.

Ubugenzuzi bwa X-RAY:
Hamwe no kuzamuka kw'ikoranabuhanga ryo hejuru, PCBs byahindutse byinshi kandi bigoye. Noneho, imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko zifite ubucucike bwisumbuye, ibice bito, kandi birimo chip paki nka Bga na chip igipapuro (CSP), kubora umugenzuzi wumugenzuzi ntibishobora kuboneka. Iyi mirimo izana ingorane kubisobanuro bigaragara nka MVI na AOI.

Kugira ngo utsinde ibyo bibazo, ibikoresho byo kugenzura x-ray birashobora gukoreshwa. Ibikoresho bikurura x-rays ukurikije uburemere bwa kinome. Ibintu biremereye bikurura byinshi kandi byoroshye ibintu bikurura bike, bishobora gutandukanya ibikoresho. Umugurisha akozwe mubintu biremereye nkamabati, ifeza, akayoboye, mugihe ibindi bice byinshi kuri PCB bikozwe mubintu byoroheje nka alumini, umuringa, karubone, na silicon. Nkigisubizo, umusirikare biroroshye kubona mugihe cya X-ray, mugihe ibindi bice byose bigize (birimo gusimburana, biyobora, na silicon ihuriweho na silicon) ntigaragara.

X-Imirasire ntabwo igaragara nkumucyo, ariko inyura mukintu kugirango gikore ishusho yikintu. Iyi nzira ituma bishoboka kubona binyuze muri chip nibindi bigize kugenzura umugenzuzi munsi yabo. Ubugenzuzi bwa X-RAY burashobora kandi kubona imbere yumuryango kugirango ubone ibibyimba bidashobora kugaragara hamwe na AOI.

Sisitemu ya X-Ray irashobora kandi kubona agatsinsino k'umuryango. Mugihe cya Aoi, umusirikare hamwe ruzaba rwishyurwa nubuyobozi. Byongeye kandi, mugihe ukoresheje x-ray kugenzura, nta gicucu cyinjira. Kubwibyo, ubugenzuzi bwa X-RAY bukora neza kuburiri bwumuzunguruko hamwe nibigize byinshi. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura x-ray birashobora gukoreshwa mu gitabo cya X-ray, cyangwa sisitemu ya X-Ray irashobora gukoreshwa mu bugenzuzi bwa X-Ray (AXI).

X-ray igenzura ni amahitamo meza ku kibaho kizunguruka, kandi gifite ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura butagira, nk'ubushobozi bwo kwinjira muri chip paki. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa neza kugenzura PCbs yuzuye cyane, kandi irashobora gukora igenzura rirambuye kumuhuza. Ikoranabuhanga ni rinini cyane, rigoye, kandi birashoboka cyane. Gusa iyo ufite umubare munini wibibaho byumuzunguruko hamwe na Bga, CSP nibindi bikoresho nkibi, ugomba gushora imari mubikorwa bya X-ray.