01
Amategeko shingiro yibice
1. Ukurikije module yumuzunguruko, gukora imiterere n'imirwano ijyanye no kugera kumikorere imwe yitwa Module. Ibigize muri Module yumuzunguruko bigomba kwemeza ihame ryo kwibandaho hafi, hamwe numuzunguruko wa digitale hamwe numuzenguruko wa Analog ugomba gutandukana;
2. Nta bigize cyangwa ibikoresho bigomba gushyirwa mu mwobo utagereranywa nko kunyura mu mwobo, umwobo wa M3) na 45M) na 4) ntizemera kuzamuka;
3. Irinde gushyira mu mwobo uri munsi yo kwisuzumishaga bitambitse, amazu (plug-camité hamwe nibindi bigize gukinisha umuvuduko;
4. Intera iri hagati yibice hamwe nimpande zubuyobozi ni 5mm;
5. Intera iri hagati yibikorwa byo kuzenguruka padi hanyuma hanze yibikorwa byegeranye birarenze 2mm;
6. Ibice by'ibyuma bigize n'ibice by'icyuma (agasanduku gakingira, n'ibindi) ntibigomba gukora ku bindi bice, kandi ntibigomba kuba hafi y'imirongo yacapwe hamwe na padi. Intera iri hagati yabo igomba kuba irenze 2mm. Ingano yumwobo uhagaze, umwobo wihuta, umwobo wa oval hamwe nizindi mwobo kare mubwanwa uturutse hanze yinama yinama iruta 3mm;
7. Ibintu byo gushyuha bikwiye kugabanywa cyane;
8. Imbaraga sock igomba gutegurwa hafi yinama yacapwe ibishoboka, hamwe nububasha sock na bisi yumurongo wa bisi ihuza igomba gutondekwa kuruhande rumwe. Byihariye bigomba kwitabwaho kudategura amashanyarazi hamwe nabandi gusukura hagati yihuza kugirango borohereze gusukura urubuga rwa socketi nabahuza, kimwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyamashanyarazi. Gahunda ya gahunda ya gahunda kandi ihuza gusudira igomba gufatwa nko koroshya gucomeka no gucomeka amacomeka;
9. Gahunda y'ibindi bice:
Ibice byose byibice bihujwe kuruhande rumwe, kandi polarite yibigize polar byerekanwe neza. Ubukorikori bwinama kimwe cyacapwe ntibushobora gushyirwaho icyerekezo kirenze bibiri. Iyo icyerekezo bibiri kigaragara, icyerekezo byombi kiri perpendicular kuri mugenzi wawe;
10. Inshinga ku butaka bwakagombye kwicisha bugufi no kwicisha bugufi. Iyo itandukaniro ryubusa ari rinini cyane, rigomba kuzuzwa mesh umuringa, kandi gride igomba kuba irenze 8mil (cyangwa 0.2mm);
. Imirongo yingenzi yerekana ibimenyetso ntabwo yemerewe kunyura hagati yipimisha ya sock;
12. Ibishishwa bihujwe kuruhande rumwe, icyerekezo cyimiterere ni kimwe, kandi icyerekezo cyo gupakira ni kimwe;
13. Ibishoboka byose, ibikoresho bya polarize bigomba kuba bihuye nubuyobozi bwa polarite ku kibaho kimwe.

Amategeko yiruka

1. Shushanya ahantu h'umuyoboro muri 1mm uhereye ku kibaho cya PCB no muri 1mm uzengurutse umwobo, insinga irabujijwe;
2. Umurongo w'amashanyarazi ugomba kuba yagutse bishoboka kandi ntagomba kuba munsi ya 18mil; Ubugari bwumurongo ntagomba kuba munsi ya 12mil; Ibitekerezo bya CPU hamwe no gusohoka hanze ntibigomba kuba munsi ya 10mil (cyangwa 8mil); umurongo wa stacume ntugomba kuba munsi ya 10mil;
3. Ibisanzwe binyuze ntabwo ari munsi ya 30mil;
4.. Dual kumurongo: 60mil padi, 40mil aperture;
1 / 4W: 51 * 55mil (0805 hejuru hejuru); iyo kumurongo, padi ni 62mil na aperture ni 42mil;
Ubushobozi butagira ingano: 51 * 55mil (0805 hejuru hejuru); Iyo kumurongo, padi ni 50mil, kandi aperture ni 28mil;
5. Menya ko umurongo w'amashanyarazi n'umurongo w'ubutaka ugomba kuba umukaba uko ushoboka, kandi umurongo w'ikimenyetso ntugomba gusakurwa.

03
Nigute ushobora kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya no guhitamo electronagnetic?
Nigute ushobora kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya no guhuza hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi mugihe utezimbere ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki hamwe nabatunganya?

1. Sisitemu ikurikira igomba kwita cyane ku kurwanya-electromagnetic kwivanga:
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2. Fata ingamba zikurikira zo kongera amakuru yo kurwanya electromagnetic ya sisitemu:
(1) Hitamo microcontroller ifite inshuro nke:
Guhitamo microcontroller hamwe namasaha make yo hanze arashobora kugabanya urusaku no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya sisitemu. Ku miraba kare na sine imiraba yintanga imwe, ibice byinshi inshuro nyinshi muri kare kare ni ibirenze ibyo muri snine wave. Nubwo amplitude yinshuro ndende-inshuro zigize kare kare ni ntoya kuruta umuraba wibanze, urusaku, biroroshye gusohora nkinkomoko y'urusaku. Urusaku rukomeye cyane rutangwa na microcontroller ni inshuro 3 kumasaha.

(2) Kugabanya kugoreka mugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso
Microcontrollers ikorerwa ahanini ukoresheje tekinoroji yihuta ya CMOS. Ikirangantego cyinjiza iki cyiciro cyinjira ni 1ma, ubushobozi bwinjiza ni hafi 10pf, kandi inzemu yinjiza ni ndende rwose. Ibisohoka byihuta byihuta CMOS Umuzunguruko ufite ubushobozi bwikirenga bufite ubushobozi buke bwo kwikorera, ni ukuvuga agaciro kanini. Incunga ndende iganisha kuri termine yinjije hamwe ninzitizi nyinshi, ikibazo cyo gutekereza cyane kirakomeye, bizatera kugoreka ibimenyetso no kongera urusaku rwa sisitemu. Iyo TPD> TR, ihinduka ikibazo cyohereza umurongo, nibibazo nkibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso nuburyo bidahuye bigomba gusuzumwa.

Igihe cyo gutinza ikimenyetso ku kibaho cyacapwe gifitanye isano no kuranga imirongo iranga ubuyobozi, bifitanye isano namahanga ahora buringaniza ibikoresho byumuzunguruko. Birashobora gufatwa nkawe umuvuduko wikimenyetso ku kibaho cyacapwe kiganisha kuri 1/3 kugeza 1/2 cyumuvuduko wumucyo. Tr (igihe gisanzwe cyo gutinda) cyimikorere ya terefone ikoreshwa muri sisitemu igizwe na microcontroller iri hagati ya 3 na 18 ns.

Ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapwe, ibimenyetso binyura mumanota ya 7w hamwe nubunini burebure 25cm, kandi gutinda kumurongo hafi hagati ya 4 ~ 20ns. Muyandi magambo, mugufi ibimenyetso biganisha ku muzururo wacapwe, ibyiza, kandi igihe kirekire ntigomba kurenga 25cm. Kandi umubare wa Vias ugomba kuba muto bishoboka, nibyiza ntibirenze bibiri.
Iyo ikimenyetso cyagaragaye cyihuta kuruta gutinda gutinze, bigomba gutunganywa hakurikijwe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Muri iki gihe, impongano ihuye numurongo woherejwe igomba gusuzumwa. Kubwo kwanduza ibimenyetso hagati yibice byinjijwe ku kibaho cyacapwe, uko TD> TRD igomba kwirindwa. Ikibaho cyikibaho cyacapwe, byihuse umuvuduko wa sisitemu ntushobora.
Koresha imyanzuro ikurikira yo kuvuga muri make amategeko yacapweho igishushanyo mbonera cyinama:
Ikimenyetso cyoherezwa ku kibaho cyacapwe, kandi gutinda kwayo ntigikwiye kuba birenze igihe cyo gutinda gutinda igihe gikoreshwa.

(3) Kugabanya umusaraba * kwivanga hagati yikimenyetso:
Intambwe yikimenyetso hamwe nigihe cyatangiye Tr aherereyemo A origomba kuri Terminal B unyuze. Gutinda igihe cyikimenyetso kuri ab umurongo ni td. Ku mwanya wa D, kubera kohereza imbere ibimenyetso biva mu ngingo a, ibitekerezo byerekana ibimenyetso nyuma yo kugera ku ngingo ya A no gutinda ku murongo, urupapuro rwihuta hamwe n'ubugari bwa TR bizaterwa nyuma yigihe cya TD. Ku ngingo C, kubera kohereza no kwerekana ikimenyetso kuri Ab, ibimenyetso byiza biranga ubugari bwinshuro ebyiri zatinze igihe cyo gutinda ku murongo wa AB, ni ukuvuga 2TD, biterwa. Ngiyo kwivanga hagati y'ibimenyetso. Ubukana bwikimenyetso cyo kwivanga bujyanye na di / ku kimenyetso kuri cigereho cindi. Iyo imirongo ibiri y'ibimenyetso itarangira cyane, ibyo ubona kuri ab mubyukuri nibyingenzi bya palmes.

Micro-Igenzura ryakozwe na CMOS ikoranabuhanga rifite intangarugero, urusaku rwinshi, kandi kwihanganira urusaku rwinshi. Umuzunguruko wa digitale urenze urusaku rwa 100 ~ 200mv kandi ntabwo bihindura imikorere yacyo. Niba umurongo wa ab mu gishushanyo nikimenyetso cya analog, uku kwivanga byitabiwe. Kurugero, akanama gasohoka ni ikibaho kine, kimwe muricyo gifite ubutaka bunini, cyangwa ikigo cyinshi cyikimenyetso cyikimenyetso, umusaraba * wivanze hagati yibi bimenyetso bizagabanuka. Impamvu nuko agace ganini k'ubutaka gagabanya ingaruka ziranga umurongo wibimenyetso, kandi byerekana ibimenyetso kuri DRD DRAFS. Impeta ziranga ninganiye muburyo butandukanye bwa fonelellotrike buri gihe kuva kumurongo wibimenyetso kugeza hasi, kandi ugereranije na logarithm yubunini. Niba umurongo wa ab nigimenyetso cyindege, kugirango wirinde kwivanga kumurongo wumuyoboro wa digitale Irashobora kuba igice cyigice, kandi insinga zubutaka zishyirwa kuruhande rwibumoso n'iburyo bwubuyobozi kuruhande hamwe nubuyobozi.

(4) Kugabanya urusaku mu mashanyarazi
Mugihe imbaraga zitanga imbaraga muri sisitemu, nayo yongerera urusaku rwinshi. Umurongo wo gusubiramo, umurongo uturika, nizindi mirongo igenzura rya microcontroller mumuzunguruko usa nkurusaku rwo hanze. Kwivanga gukomeye kuri grid yamashanyarazi byinjiye mukarere ukoresheje amashanyarazi. Ndetse no muri sisitemu ikoreshwa na bateri, bateri ubwayo ifite urusaku rwinshi. Ikimenyetso cya Analoge mumuzenguruko wa Analog ndetse ntigishobora kwihanganira kwivanga kubutaka.

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Kubireba inshuro nyinshi, amatsinda, dias, abatubaka, ubushobozi, hamwe nubushobozi bwatanzwe nubushobozi bwabahuza ku kigo cyacapwe kidashobora kwirengagizwa. Gukwirakwiza imbaraga ntibishobora kwirengagizwa, kandi ubushobozi bwatanzwe bwa InDuctor ntibushobora kwirengagizwa. Kurwanya bitanga ibitekerezo byerekana ibimenyetso byinshi, kandi ubushobozi bwatanzwe bwubuyobozi buzagira uruhare. Iyo uburebure burenze 1/20 bwuburebure bwurusaku rwinshi, ingaruka za anteni zakozwe, kandi urusaku rwasohotse mubuyobozi.

Ikoresheje umwobo winama yumuriro wacapweho bitera hafi 0,6.
Ibikoresho byo gupakira byumuzunguruko bihujwe ubwabyo byangiza ubushobozi 2 ~ 6pf.
Umuhuza ku kibaho cy'umuzunguruko afite inducars yakwirakwijwe kuri 520nh. Umurongo ubiri-kumurongo 24-pin woguhuza umuzunguruko utangiza 4 ~ 18Nh yakwirakwijwe.
Ibipimo bito byo gukwirakwiza ni bike muri uyu murongo wa microcontroller sisitemu; Kwitaho bidasanzwe bigomba kwishyurwa kuri sisitemu yihuta.

(6) Imiterere yibigize igomba kugabanywa muburyo bushingiye
Umwanya wibigize ku kibaho cyacapwe kigomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ikibazo cyo kurwanya electonagnetic. Rimwe mu mahame nuko inyura hagati yibigize igomba kuba ngufi ishoboka. Mu miterere, igice cya Analog igice cyihuta, igice cyihuta cya digitale, hamwe nurusaku, guhinduranya, nibindi) bigomba gutandukanywa kugirango ugabanye ikimenyetso hagati yabo.

G ikoresha insinga zubutaka
Ku kibaho cyacapweho, umurongo w'amashanyarazi n'umurongo w'ubutaka ni ngombwa cyane. Uburyo bwingenzi bwo gutsinda kwivanga bya electromagnetic ni hasi.
Kumwanya ibiri, imiterere yubutaka bwihishe ni umwihariko. Binyuze mu gukoresha ingingo imwe imwe, amashanyarazi nubutaka bihujwe ninama yumuriro wacapwe kuva impande zombi zitanga amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi afite umubano umwe nubutaka afite umubonano umwe. Ku kibaho cyumuzunguruko cyacapwe, hagomba kubaho insinga nyinshi zo kugaruka, zizakusanyirizwa hamwe muburyo bwo gutuzwa imbaraga zo gusubiza amashanyarazi, nikindi cyitwa ingingo imwe. Igitekerezo cyitwa Analog, ubutaka bwa digitale, nubutaka buke bwibikoresho bitandukanya bivuga gutandukanya intoki, amaherezo yose ihurira kuriyi ngingo. Mugihe uhuza ibimenyetso usibye icapiro ryakanzi, insinga zikingiwe zikoreshwa. Kubimenyetso byinshi nibimenyetso bya digitale, impande zombi zimigozi yarinze irahari. Impera imwe yumugozi ukingiwe kubimenyetso byinshi bya analog bigomba kuba impamo.
Imirongo yunvikana cyane urusaku no kwivanga cyangwa imizunguruko urusaku rwinshi-rwinshi rugomba gukingirwa nigifuniko cyicyuma.

(7) Koresha ubushobozi bwo gutesha agaciro.
Umuhanda mwiza-wa decoupling urashobora gukuraho ibice byinshi-byinshi hejuru ya 1GHz. Camic Chip Camip cyangwa Umukozi Mukuru Ceramic ufite ibintu byinshi-byinshi. Iyo ushushanyijeho akanama kacapwe, imbaraga zisebanya zigomba kongerwaho hagati yububasha nubutaka bwa buri muzenguruke. Guhashobozi bya decoupling bifite imirimo ibiri: Ku ruhande rumwe, ni umukozi ubika ingufu mu mugabane uhuriweho, utanga kandi akuramo imbaraga zo kwishyuza no gusohora mugihe cyo gufungura no gufunga umuzenguruko uhujwe no gufunga; Kurundi ruhande, birenga urusaku rwinshi rwigikoresho. Ubushobozi busanzwe bwo Gutesha agaciro 0.1uf mumirongo ya Digital ifite 5Nh Ingecazateur yakwirakwijwe, hamwe nimikorere yabyo ni hafi ya 7mz, kandi ifite ingaruka nziza zo gutesha umutwe hejuru ya 40mHz. Urusaku ntirufite ingaruka.

1uF, 10F 10F, uburyo busa na resonances buri hejuru ya 20mHz, ingaruka zo gukuraho urusaku rwinshi ni rwiza. Akenshi ni byiza gukoresha ubushobozi bwa 1UF cyangwa 10Ubushobozi bwo hejuru aho imbaraga zinjira mu kibaho cyacapwe, ndetse no kuri sisitemu ikoreshwa na bateri.
Buri bice 10 byimigabane ihuriweho bigomba kongeramo amafaranga no gusohoza ubushobozi, cyangwa cyitwa umufasha wo kubika, ubunini bwa capator burashobora kuba 10f. Nibyiza kudakoresha ubushobozi bwa electrolytic. Ubushobozi bwa elegilytic buzungurutse hamwe nibice bibiri bya firime ya pu. Iyi miterere yazungurutse ikora nkumuterankunga mumikino myinshi. Nibyiza gukoresha ubushobozi buke cyangwa ubushobozi bwa Polycarbote.

Guhitamo ubushobozi bwa decoupling agaciro ntabwo bikabije, birashobora kubarwa ukurikije C = 1 / F; Nibyo, 0.1UNF kuri 10mhz, kandi kuri sisitemu igizwe na microcontroller, irashobora kuba hagati ya 0.1UMUNTU na 0.01UF.

3. Uburambe bumwe mu kugabanya urusaku no kwivanga.
. Imiti yihuta ikoreshwa ahantu h'ingenzi.
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(3) Gerageza gutanga uburyo bumwe bwo kumenagura relays, nibindi.
(4) Koresha inshuro nkeya zihuye nibisabwa na sisitemu.
(5) Isaha ya generator igera ishoboka kubikoresho bikoresha isaha. Igikonoshwa cya Quarstal Ofkift kigomba kuba gifite ishingiro.
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. Ikimenyetso cyinjira mu kibaho cyacapwe kigomba kuba cyungurujwe, kandi ikimenyetso giturutse mu gace urusaku rugomba no kuyungurura. Muri icyo gihe, urukurikirane rwa service rugomba gukoreshwa mukugabanya ibimenyetso.
. Iherezo ryumuzunguruko uhujwe gakwiye guhuzwa nubutaka bwububasha bugomba guhuzwa nayo, kandi ntigomba gusigara kureremba.
. Ikirangantego cyiza cya Amplifier idakoreshwa igomba kuba ishingiro, kandi ibyinjijwe nabi bigomba guhuzwa nibisohoka. (10) Ikibaho cyacapwe kigomba kugerageza gukoresha imirongo 45 aho gukoresha imirongo 90 yo kugabanya imyuka yo hanze no guhuza ibimenyetso byinshi.
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. Umurongo w'amashanyarazi n'umurongo w'ubutaka ugomba kuba nk'ibyimba bishoboka. Niba ubukungu buhendutse, koresha akanama gakuru nyinshi kugirango ugabanye imbaraga zibangamiwe imbaraga zo gutanga imbaraga nubutaka.
(13) Komeza isaha, bisi, na chip hitamo ibimenyetso kure ya I / o imirongo nabahuza.
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. Umurongo wihuta ugomba kuba mugufi kandi ugororotse.
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(22) Ntugakore ikinyabumbanyi kubimenyetso byose. Niba bidashoboka, kora ahantu hatose bishoboka.
(23) Umuntu umwe wa decoupling kuzunguruka. Umuhanda muto-muremure wa Bypass ugomba kongerwa kuri buri mushahara wa electroltic.
. Iyo ukoresheje ubushobozi bwa tubular, urubanza rugomba kuba rufite ishingiro.

04
Protel Bisanzwe Byakoreshejwe Urufunguzo rugufi
Urupapuro up zoom hamwe nimbeba nkigice
Page hepfo hejuru hamwe nimbeba nkigice.
Urugo Centre Umwanya werekanwe nimbeba
Kurangiza kugarura (redraw)
* Hindura hagati yo hejuru no hepfo
+ (-) Hindura igice cya Law: "+" na "-" biri mu cyerekezo gitandukanye
Q mm (milimetero) na mil (mil) igice
Npima intera iri hagati yingingo ebyiri
E x Hindura x, x niyo ntego yo guhindura, kode ni izi zikurikira: (a) = arc; (C) = igice; (F) = kuzuza; (P) = padi; (N) = umuyoboro; (S) = imiterere; (T) = insinga; (V) = binyuze kuri; (I) = guhuza umurongo; (G) = yuzuye polygon. Kurugero, mugihe ushaka guhindura ibice, kanda EC, icyerekezo cyimbeba kizagaragara "icumi", kanda kugirango uhindure
Ibice byahinduwe birashobora guhinduka.
P X, X ni intego yo gushyiramo, code ni imwe nkuko byavuzwe haruguru.
M X yimuka x, x ni intego igenda, (a), (c), (f), (p), (s), (v), (k), (i) igice cya flip; (O) Kuzenguruka igice cyo gutoranya; (M) = kwimura igice cyo gutoranya; (R) = gusubiramo.
S x guhitamo x, x nigikorwa cyatoranijwe, code ni izi zikurikira: (i) = agace k'imbere; (O) = ahantu ho hanze; (A) = byose; (L) = byose ku budozi; (K) = igice gifunze; (N) = umuyoboro wumubiri; (C) = umurongo uhuza umubiri; (H) = padi hamwe na aperture yagenwe; (G) = padi hanze ya gride. Kurugero, mugihe ushaka guhitamo byose, kanda SA, urumuri rwose rugaragaza kugirango werekane ko batoranijwe, kandi urashobora gukoporora, neza, no kwimura dosiye zatoranijwe.