Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gishobora kwitwa icyapa cyumuzingo cyacapwe cyangwa ikibaho cyumuzingo cyacapwe, naho izina ryicyongereza ni PCB. Ibigize amazi mabi ya PCB biragoye kandi biragoye kuyivura. Nigute ushobora kuvanaho ibintu byangiza no kugabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije ni umurimo ukomeye uhura n’inganda z’igihugu cya PCB.
Amazi y’amazi ya PCB ni amazi y’amazi ya PCB, ni ubwoko bw’amazi mabi mu mazi y’amazi ava mu nganda zicapura n’inganda zicururizwamo. Kugeza ubu, ku isi buri mwaka umusaruro w’imyanda y’ubumara kandi yangiza igera kuri toni miliyoni 300 kugeza kuri 400. Muri byo, imyanda ihumanya ibidukikije (POP) niyo yangiza cyane ibidukikije kandi ikwirakwizwa cyane ku isi. Byongeye kandi, amazi y’amazi ya PCB agabanijwemo: Gusukura amazi y’amazi, amazi y’amazi, amazi y’amazi yanduye, amazi y’imyanda ya acide yibanze, amazi y’imyanda ya alkali, n'ibindi. n'ibice bigoye. Ukurikije ibiranga amazi mabi y’abakora PCB batandukanye, gushyira mu byiciro no gukusanya no gufata neza ni urufunguzo rwo gutunganya amazi y’amazi yujuje ubuziranenge.

Mu gutunganya amazi mabi mu nganda zubuyobozi bwa PCB, hariho uburyo bwimiti (imvura igwa, guhana ion, electrolysis, nibindi), uburyo bwumubiri (uburyo butandukanye bwa decantation, uburyo bwo kuyungurura, electrodialysis, osmose revers, nibindi). Uburyo bwa chimique ni Umwanda uhindurwa muburyo bworoshye gutandukana (bikomeye cyangwa gaze). Uburyo bufatika nugukungahaza umwanda mumazi mabi cyangwa gutandukanya leta byoroshye gutandukana namazi yanduye kugirango amazi yanduye yujuje ubuziranenge. Uburyo bukurikira bukoreshwa mugihugu no mumahanga.

1. Uburyo bwo gutaka

Uburyo bwa decantation mubyukuri nuburyo bwo kuyungurura, bumwe muburyo bwumubiri muburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi ya PCB. Amazi atemba arimo ibisigazwa byumuringa yasohotse mumashini yangirika arashobora kuyungurura kugirango akureho umuringa nyuma yo kuvurwa na decanter. Amazi yungurujwe na decanter arashobora kongera gukoreshwa nkamazi meza yimashini ya burr.

2. Amategeko ya Shimi

Uburyo bwa chimique burimo uburyo bwo kugabanya okiside hamwe nuburyo bwimvura igwa. Uburyo bwo kugabanya okiside ikoresha okiside cyangwa kugabanya ibintu kugirango bihindure ibintu byangiza mubintu bitagira ingaruka cyangwa ibintu byoroshye kugwa no kugwa. Cyanide irimo amazi mabi hamwe na chromium irimo amazi yanduye mukibaho cyumuzunguruko akenshi bakoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya okiside, reba ibisobanuro bikurikira kubisobanuro birambuye.

Uburyo bwimvura yimiti ikoresha imiti imwe cyangwa myinshi kugirango ihindure ibintu byangiza mubutaka bworoshye cyangwa imvura. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimiti ikoreshwa mugutunganya amazi mabi yumuzunguruko, nka NaOH, CaO, Ca (OH) 2, Na2S, CaS, Na2CO3, PFS, PAC, PAM, FeSO4, FeCl3, ISX, nibindi. Ushinzwe imvura arashobora hindura ibyuma biremereye ion mubyuma noneho bigahita binyuzwa mubigega byimeza byimeza, akayunguruzo k'umucanga, akayunguruzo ka PE, akayunguruzo, nibindi kugirango bitandukanye kandi bikomeye.

3. Imvura igwa-ion uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru

Gutunganya imvura yimiti ivura amazi mabi yumuzunguruko wamazi biragoye kubahiriza igipimo cyogusohora intambwe imwe, kandi ikoreshwa kenshi hamwe no guhana ion. Ubwa mbere, koresha uburyo bwimvura yimiti kugirango uvure amazi mabi yumuzunguruko wamazi kugirango ugabanye ibirungo bya ion biremereye bigera kuri 5mg / L, hanyuma ukoreshe uburyo bwo guhana ion kugirango ugabanye ion zicyuma kiremereye kugirango zisohore.

4. uburyo bwo guhana amashanyarazi

Muburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi mu nganda zubuyobozi bwa PCB, uburyo bwa electrolysis bwo kuvura amazi y’umuzunguruko w’amazi menshi ashobora kugabanya ibirimo ioni y’ibyuma biremereye, kandi intego yayo ni kimwe n’uburyo bwo kugwa imiti. Nyamara, ibibi byuburyo bwa electrolysis ni: bifite akamaro gusa mukuvura ioni yibyuma biremereye cyane, intumbero iragabanuka, ikigezweho kiragabanuka cyane, kandi imikorere iracika intege cyane; gukoresha ingufu ni nini, kandi biragoye kuyiteza imbere; uburyo bwa electrolysis bushobora gutunganya icyuma kimwe gusa. Uburyo bwa elegitoronike-ion ni uburyo bwo guhanagura umuringa, gutobora imyanda, ku yandi mazi y’imyanda, ariko kandi ugakoresha ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

5. uburyo bwa chimique-membrane uburyo bwo kuyungurura

Amazi y’imyanda yinganda zubuyobozi bwa PCB yateguwe muburyo bwa chimique kugirango agabanye ibice byungururwa (diameter> 0.1μ) biva mubintu byangiza, hanyuma akayungurura binyuze mumashanyarazi ya membrane kugirango yuzuze ibipimo byangiza.

6. uburyo bwa gaze ya gaz-uburyo bwo kuyungurura amashanyarazi

Muburyo bwo gutunganya amazi mabi mu nganda zubuyobozi bwa PCB, uburyo bwa gaz ya kondegene-amashanyarazi yo kuyungurura ni uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya amazi y’amazi adafite imiti yakozwe na Amerika mu myaka ya za 1980. Nuburyo bwumubiri bwo gutunganya amazi yumuzunguruko wanditse. Igizwe n'ibice bitatu. Igice cya mbere nicyuma gitanga gaze. Umwuka winjijwe muri generator, kandi imiterere yimiti irashobora guhindurwa numurima wa magnetiki ionizing kugirango uhindurwe cyane magnetique ogisijeni ion na azote. Iyi gaze ikoreshwa nigikoresho cyindege. Yinjiye mu mazi y’imyanda, ioni yicyuma, ibintu kama nibindi bintu byangiza mumazi yimyanda iba oxyde kandi ikusanyirizwa hamwe, byoroshye kuyungurura no kuyikuramo; igice cya kabiri ni filteri ya electrolyte, iyungurura kandi ikuraho ibikoresho byegeranijwe byakozwe mugice cya mbere; igice cya gatatu nigikoresho cyihuta cya ultraviolet Irradiation, imirasire ya ultraviolet mumazi irashobora okiside ibinyabuzima hamwe ninganda zikora imiti, bikagabanya CODcr na BOD5. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byuzuye byahujwe byateguwe kugirango bishyirwe mu bikorwa.