Gukenera ibikoresho-bikora cyane hamwe nibikorwa byagutse biriyongera murwego ruhora ruhinduka murwego rwa elegitoroniki. Gukenera tekinoroji yumuzunguruko wacapwe (PCB) byatumye habaho iterambere rigaragara, cyane cyane murwego rwimikorere myinshi. Gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB cyabaye igisubizo cyingenzi kugirango uhaze ibyifuzo bikomeye byiyi porogaramu.

Kuza kwa PCBs nyinshi

Mu mateka, imbaho ​​zicapye zazengurutswe mbere na mbere zaranzwe nuburyo bumwe cyangwa bubiri bwubatswe, ibyo bikaba byashyizeho imbogamizi kubijyanye na porogaramu zikoresha inshuro nyinshi bitewe no kwangirika kw'ibimenyetso no kuvanga amashanyarazi (EMI). Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kwinjiza ibice byinshi byacapishijwe imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko byatumye habaho iterambere ryibonekeje muburinganire bwibimenyetso, kugabanya amashanyarazi (EMI) kugabanya, no gukora muri rusange.
Ibibaho byinshi byacapwe byumuzunguruko (PCBs) bitandukanijwe na kimwe cyangwa bibiri-byombi bigereranywa no kuba hari ibice bitatu cyangwa byinshi byayobora bitandukanijwe no kubika ibikoresho, bikunze kwitwa dielectric layer. Guhuza ibyo byiciro byoroherezwa na vias, ni inzira nyabagendwa nyabagendwa yorohereza itumanaho hagati yinzego zitandukanye. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibice byinshi bya PCBs bituma habaho kwibumbira hamwe kwinshi hamwe nu muzunguruko utoroshye, bigatuma biba ngombwa muburyo bwikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
PCB nyinshi zirashobora kwerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukomera bitewe ningorabahizi yo kugera kubice byinshi muburyo bworoshye PCB. Amashanyarazi ahuza ibice yashizweho binyuze mugukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa vias, harimo na viasi zimpumyi kandi zishyinguwe.
Iboneza bikubiyemo gushyira ibice bibiri hejuru kugirango habeho ihuriro hagati yumuzunguruko wacapwe (PCB) nibidukikije byo hanze. Muri rusange, ubucucike bwibice byanditseho imizunguruko (PCBs) ni ndetse. Ibi ahanini biterwa nuburyo bworoshye bwimibare idasanzwe kubibazo nko kurwana.
Umubare wibice mubisanzwe uratandukana bitewe na progaramu yihariye, mubisanzwe igwa murwego rwa bine kugeza kuri cumi na kabiri.
Mubisanzwe, ibyinshi mubisabwa bisaba byibuze bine na ntarengwa umunani. Ibinyuranye, porogaramu nka terefone zigendanwa ahanini zikoresha ibice cumi na bibiri.

Porogaramu nyamukuru

PCBs nyinshi zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa elegitoronike, harimo:
Electronics Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, aho PCB nyinshi zifite uruhare runini zitanga imbaraga zikenewe hamwe nibimenyetso byibicuruzwa bitandukanye nka terefone zigendanwa, tableti, imashini ikinisha, hamwe nibikoresho byambara. Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byiza kandi byoroshye twishingikirizaho burimunsi biterwa nigishushanyo mbonera cyacyo hamwe nubucucike buri hejuru
● Mu rwego rw'itumanaho, gukoresha PCBs nyinshi byorohereza ihererekanyabubasha ryijwi ryamakuru, amakuru, hamwe na videwo ku miyoboro, bityo byemeza itumanaho ryizewe kandi ryiza.
Systems Sisitemu yo kugenzura inganda ishingiye cyane ku mbaho ​​zicapishijwe imashanyarazi (PCBs) bitewe nubushobozi bwazo bwo gucunga neza sisitemu igoye, uburyo bwo kugenzura, nuburyo bwo gukoresha. Imashini igenzura imashini, robotike, hamwe no gukoresha inganda zishingiye kuri sisitemu yibanze
PC PCBs nyinshi kandi zifite akamaro kubikoresho byubuvuzi, kubera ko ari ingenzi cyane kugirango habeho neza, kwiringirwa, no guhuzagurika. Ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, sisitemu yo gukurikirana abarwayi, nibikoresho byubuvuzi bikiza ubuzima bigira uruhare runini kuruhare rwabo.

Inyungu nibyiza

PCBs nyinshi-zitanga inyungu ninyungu nyinshi murwego rwo hejuru, harimo:
Intelligence yerekana ibimenyetso byuzuye: PCBs nyinshi zorohereza inzira igenzurwa, kugabanya kugoreka ibimenyetso no kwemeza kohereza amakuru yizewe cyane. Ikimenyetso cyo hasi kivanga cyibice byinshi byacapwe byumuzunguruko bivamo imikorere myiza, umuvuduko, no kwiringirwa
EMI Kugabanya EMI: Ukoresheje indege zubutaka nimbaraga zabigenewe, PCBs nyinshi zirahagarika EMI neza, bityo bikazamura sisitemu yo kwizerwa no kugabanya kwivanga kwizunguruka.
Design Igishushanyo mbonera: Hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwakira ibice byinshi hamwe na gahunda igoye yo kugendana, PCBs igizwe ninzego nyinshi zituma ibishushanyo mbonera, byingenzi kubikorwa bikoreshwa mu kirere nkibikoresho bigendanwa hamwe na sisitemu yo mu kirere.
Management Kunoza imicungire yubushyuhe: PCBs nyinshi zitanga ubushyuhe bwiza binyuze muguhuza vias yumuriro hamwe nuburinganire bwumuringa, byongerera ubwizerwe nubuzima bwibigize imbaraga nyinshi.
● Igishushanyo mbonera: Guhindura ibice byinshi bya PCBs bituma habaho igishushanyo mbonera cyiza, bigafasha injeniyeri guhuza ibipimo byimikorere nko guhuza inzitizi, gutinda gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso, no gukwirakwiza ingufu.

Ibibi

Imwe mu mbogamizi nyamukuru zifitanye isano nimbaho ​​zicapuwe zumuzunguruko nigiciro cyinshi ugereranije na PCBs imwe kandi ebyiri-ibyiciro byose mubikorwa byo gukora. Igiciro kiri hejuru cyane cyane kijyanye nibikoresho byabugenewe bisabwa kugirango bibyare umusaruro.
Inganda nazo ziragoye, kuko umusaruro wa PCBs nyinshi ukenera igihe kinini cyo gushushanya hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora bwitondewe ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwa PCB. Inganda zikora ibintu: Guhimba PCBs nyinshi zirasaba inzira zinganda zikora, zirimo guhuza neza, guhuza inzira, kugenzura inzira, no gufata ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ubuziranenge, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byiyongera kandi bikayobora igihe kirekire.
PCBs nyinshi zirasaba mbere-igishushanyo mbonera, bityo, injeniyeri kabuhariwe zirakenewe mugutezimbere. Umusaruro wa buri kibaho ukenera igihe kinini, bigatuma abakozi bakoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, birashobora kuvamo igihe kinini hagati yo gushyira ibicuruzwa hamwe no kwakira ibicuruzwa, bishobora kuba ikibazo mubihe bimwe.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, izi mpungenge ntizitesha agaciro imbaho ​​zicapye zumuzingo (PCBs). Nubwo PCB nyinshi zihenze cyane kuruta PCBs imwe, zitanga inyungu nyinshi ugereranije nuburyo bwihariye bwibibaho byacapwe.
Mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikomeje kugabanuka mubunini no kwiyongera k'ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi, imicungire yubushyuhe ikora neza iba ingenzi muri PCB nyinshi, bikenera ibisubizo bishya kugirango bigabanye ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi bikore neza. Byongeye kandi, kwemeza imikorere yuburyo butandukanye bwa PCB bisaba uburyo bwuzuye bwo gupima, harimo kwigana, prototyping, no kugerageza kubahiriza, kugirango hubahirizwe amahame yinganda nibisobanuro.

Inama nyinshi zo gushushanya PCB

Mugihe cyo gukora ibice byinshi byacapwe byumuzunguruko (PCB) kubikorwa byinshyi nyinshi, ibyifuzo byinshi byingirakamaro mubisanzwe.
Kugirango ugabanye ibibazo mubishushanyo mbonera bya PCB, igice cyibanze cyibandwaho mubisanzwe kizenguruka kuri stackup. Mugihe uca imanza zijyanye na stackup, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ibintu nkibikorwa, gukora, no kohereza.
Tangira uhindura ibipimo byinama, kuko ibi bizagira ingaruka kubyemezo bijyanye nibindi biranga. Mugihe umenye ingano yubuyobozi bwiza, uzirikane ibintu bikurikira:
● Umubare wibigize ugomba kubikwa ku kibaho
● Ingano yibi bice
● Aho ikibaho kizashyirwa
Aces Amafaranga y'umufatanyabikorwa mu gukora umwanya, gutandukanya, no gucukura
Umubare wibice bimaze kwemezwa, gutoranya vias, yaba impumyi, binyuze mu mwobo, yashyinguwe cyangwa binyuze muri padi bizakorwa. Iyi ngingo igira ingaruka kubikorwa byo gukora, bityo ubwiza bwa PCB.
Mugice kinini cyibishushanyo mbonera bya PCB, software ya PCB ni igice cyingenzi mubikorwa byo gushushanya. Ifasha abashushanya kubyara imiterere ya PCB ya mashini na wiring ihuza kuva kuri netiste, no gushyira iyi miterere ihuza abantu benshi no gukora dosiye zifashishijwe na mudasobwa. Iyi CAD ni ngombwa mugukora PCB. Hano hari amahitamo menshi ya software ya PCB ushobora gukoresha mugushushanya PCB nyinshi. Nyamara, bamwe muribo bakoreshwa cyane kurenza izindi, cyane cyane kubera interineti yoroshye, mubindi mpamvu.
DFM, intego yayo ni ugukora ibice nibice byorohereza inganda, nabyo bizasuzumwa. Ikigamijwe ni ukugera ku bicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge ku giciro gito. Kubwibyo, bikubiyemo gutunganya, kuzamura, no gutunganya neza ibicuruzwa. DFM igomba gukorwa mugihe gikwiye mbere yo gutangira ibikoresho. Ni ngombwa kwinjiza abafatanyabikorwa bose muri DFM. Uruhare rwabafatanyabikorwa benshi, barimo abashushanya, injeniyeri, abakora amasezerano, abatanga ibikoresho, n’abubatsi, ni ngombwa. Kubikora, ibibazo bishoboka hamwe nigishushanyo birashobora kugabanywa.

Inganda

Gukora ibice byinshi bya PCBs kuri progaramu yumurongo mwinshi birimo intambwe zingenzi:
● Igishushanyo mbonera: Abashakashatsi bakoresha porogaramu yihariye ya PCB yo gukora igishushanyo mbonera, urebye ibintu nkuburinganire bwibimenyetso, imicungire yumuriro, hamwe na EMI mituweli.
Election Guhitamo ibikoresho: Ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe na dielectric ihoraho hamwe nigihombo cyatoranijwe kugirango hagabanuke gutakaza ibimenyetso no gukomeza imikorere yumurongo mwinshi.
Plan Igenamigambi rya Stackup: Igice cya stackup cyateguwe neza kugirango hongerwe inzira yerekana ibimenyetso, guhuza inzitizi, hamwe no gukwirakwiza amashyuza, urebye ibintu nkibihe byerekana ibimenyetso, uburebure bwikibaho, nubunini bwumuringa.
Guhimba no guterana: Ubuhanga buhanitse bwo guhimba nko gucukura lazeri, kumurika bikurikiranye, no kugenzura ibyangiritse byifashishwa mu gukora PCB nyinshi zuzuye kandi zizewe.
● Kwipimisha no Kwemeza Ubwiza: Uburyo bukomeye bwo kwipimisha, harimo gusesengura ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso, gupima inzitizi, gufata amashusho yumuriro, hamwe no gupima EMI, bikorwa kugirango harebwe imikorere, kwizerwa, no kubahiriza PCBs zinzego nyinshi hamwe nubuziranenge bwinganda.

Umwanzuro

Ubwihindurize bwibishushanyo mbonera bya PCB byahinduye urwego rwa elegitoroniki yumurongo wa elegitoronike, bituma habaho iterambere ryibikoresho bihanitse hamwe n’imikorere yongerewe imbaraga, kwiringirwa, no gukora. Nubwo hari imbogamizi mubusugire bwibimenyetso, gukora ibintu bigoye, no gucunga ubushyuhe, inyungu za PCB zinzego nyinshi ziruta kure cyane imbogamizi, bigatuma ziba ingenzi muburyo butandukanye bwifashishwa cyane, harimo itumanaho, ikirere, ibinyabiziga, nubuvuzi bwa elegitoroniki. Hamwe niterambere rigenda ritera imbere mubikoresho, tekinike yo guhimba, hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya, PCBs nyinshi ziteguye gukomeza gutwara udushya muri elegitoroniki yumurongo mwinshi mumyaka iri imbere.