Gupfunyika umuringa nigice cyingenzi mubishushanyo bya PCB. Yaba porogaramu yo gushushanya PCB yo murugo cyangwa Protel yo mumahanga, PowerPCB itanga imikorere yumuringa yubwenge, none twakoresha dute umuringa?

Ibyo bita umuringa gusuka nugukoresha umwanya udakoreshwa kuri PCB nkubuso bwerekanwe hanyuma ukuzuza umuringa ukomeye. Uturere twumuringa nabwo twitwa kuzuza umuringa. Akamaro ko gutwikira umuringa ni ukugabanya inzitizi zinsinga zubutaka no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya interineti; kugabanya umuvuduko wa voltage no kunoza imikorere yumuriro w'amashanyarazi; guhuza insinga zubutaka birashobora kandi kugabanya agace kazunguruka.

Kugirango PCB itagabanijwe uko bishoboka kwose mugihe cyo kugurisha, abakora PCB benshi basaba kandi abashushanya PCB kuzuza ahantu hafunguye PCB hamwe numuringa cyangwa insinga zubutaka. Niba umuringa usizwe neza, inyungu ntizikwiye igihombo. Ese gutwikira umuringa "ibyiza birenze ibibi" cyangwa "byangiza kuruta ibyiza"?

Buriwese azi ko kugabanganya ubushobozi bwicapiro ryumuzunguruko wacapwe bizakora kumurongo mwinshi. Iyo uburebure burenze 1/20 cyuburebure bwumurongo uhwanye nurusaku rwurusaku, ingaruka ya antenne izabaho, kandi urusaku ruzasohoka binyuze mumashanyarazi. Niba hari umuringa udasukuye neza muri PCB, gusuka umuringa biba igikoresho cyo gukwirakwiza urusaku. Kubwibyo, mumuzunguruko mwinshi, ntutekereze ko insinga zubutaka zahujwe nubutaka. Ngiyo "insinga y'ubutaka" kandi igomba kuba munsi ya λ / 20. Gutobora umwobo mu nsinga "nziza" hamwe nindege yubutaka bwikibaho kinini. Niba umuringa ukozwe neza, umuringa ntiwongera gusa umuyaga, ariko kandi ufite uruhare runini rwo gukingira intambamyi.

Muri rusange hariho uburyo bubiri bwibanze bwo gutwikira umuringa, aribwo bunini bw'umuringa hamwe n'umuringa wa gride. Bikunze kubazwa niba ubuso bunini bw'umuringa buruta icyuma cya gride. Ntabwo ari byiza kubishyira muri rusange. kubera iki? Umwanya munini wumuringa utwikiriye ufite imirimo ibiri yo kongera ibiyobora no gukingira. Ariko, niba ahantu hanini hashyizweho umuringa ukoreshwa mukugurisha imiraba, ikibaho kirashobora kuzamura ndetse na bliste. Kubwibyo, ahantu hanini hashyizweho umuringa, muri rusange hafunguwe ibinure byinshi kugirango bigabanye igihu cyumuringa. Urusenda rwuzuye umuringa rukoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda, kandi ingaruka zo kongera amashanyarazi ziragabanuka. Urebye ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza, gride ni nziza (igabanya ubushuhe bwumuringa) kandi igira uruhare runini mukurinda amashanyarazi. Ariko hagomba kwerekanwa ko gride igizwe nibimenyetso byerekezo bitangaje. Turabizi ko kumuzunguruko, ubugari bwurugero rufite "uburebure bwamashanyarazi" bujyanye ninshuro yimikorere yumurongo wumuzunguruko (ingano nyayo igabanijwe na Digital frequency ihuye numurongo wakazi irahari, reba ibitabo bijyanye nibisobanuro birambuye ). Iyo inshuro zakazi zitari hejuru cyane, ingaruka zumurongo wa gride ntishobora kugaragara. Uburebure bw'amashanyarazi bumaze guhuza inshuro zakazi, bizaba bibi cyane. Byagaragaye ko umuzenguruko udakora neza na gato, kandi ibimenyetso bibangamira imikorere ya sisitemu byoherezwa ahantu hose. Kubo dukorana rero bakoresha gride, icyifuzo cyanjye nukwihitiramo ukurikije imiterere yakazi yubuyobozi bwumuzunguruko wabugenewe, ntukizirike ku kintu kimwe. Kubwibyo, imiyoboro yumurongo mwinshi ifite ibisabwa byinshi kuri gride igamije intego nyinshi zo kurwanya kwivanga, hamwe n’umuzunguruko muke, imirongo ifite imigezi minini, nibindi bikoreshwa cyane kandi byuzuye umuringa.

Tugomba kwita kubibazo bikurikira kugirango tugere ku ngaruka zifuzwa zo gusuka umuringa mu gusuka umuringa:

1. Niba PCB ifite impamvu nyinshi, nka SGND, AGND, GND, nibindi, ukurikije umwanya wubuyobozi bwa PCB, "ubutaka" nyamukuru bugomba gukoreshwa nkibisobanuro byo gusuka umuringa wigenga. Ubutaka bwa digitale hamwe nubutaka busa butandukanijwe no gusuka umuringa. Muri icyo gihe, mbere yuko umuringa usuka, banza wongere umubyigano uhuye: 5.0V, 3.3V, nibindi, murubu buryo, polygon nyinshi zuburyo butandukanye zakozwe.

2. Kuburyo bumwe bwo guhuza kumpamvu zitandukanye, uburyo nuguhuza binyuze muri 0 ohm résistants, amasaro ya magnetique cyangwa inductance;

3. Yambaye umuringa hafi ya oscillator ya kristu. Oscillator ya kristu mu muzunguruko ni isoko yohereza imyuka myinshi. Uburyo nugukikiza oscillator ya kristu hamwe nu muringa wambaye umuringa, hanyuma ugahindura igishishwa cya kristu oscillator ukwayo.

4. Ikibazo cyizinga (zone yapfuye), niba utekereza ko ari kinini cyane, ntabwo bizatwara amafaranga menshi kugirango usobanure ubutaka unyuzemo.

5. Mugitangira insinga, insinga zubutaka zigomba gufatwa kimwe. Iyo insinga, insinga zubutaka zigomba kugenda neza. Ubutaka pin ntibushobora kongerwaho wongeyeho vias. Ingaruka ni mbi cyane.

6. Nibyiza kutagira inguni zikarishye ku kibaho (<= dogere 180), kubera ko ukurikije amashanyarazi, ibi bigize antenne yanduza! Buri gihe hazabaho ingaruka ahandi hantu, gusa niba ari binini cyangwa bito. Ndasaba gukoresha inkombe ya arc.

7. Ntugasuke umuringa ahantu hafunguye igice cyo hagati cyibibaho byinshi. Kuberako bigoye kuri wowe gukora uyu muringa "ubutaka bwiza"

8. Icyuma kiri mubikoresho, nka radiatori yicyuma, ibyuma bishimangira ibyuma, nibindi, bigomba "kuba byiza".

9. Ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ibyuma bya terefegitura eshatu bigomba kuba bihagaze neza. Igice cyo kwigunga cyubutaka hafi ya oscillator ya kristu igomba kuba ihagaze neza. Muri make: niba ikibazo cyibanze cyumuringa kuri PCB gikemuwe, rwose "nibyiza biruta ibibi". Irashobora kugabanya agace kagaruka kumurongo wikimenyetso no kugabanya ibimenyetso bya electromagnetic yivanga hanze.