Nka ba injeniyeri, twatekereje kuburyo bwose sisitemu ishobora kunanirwa, kandi iyo imaze kunanirwa, twiteguye kuyisana. Kwirinda amakosa ni ngombwa muburyo bwa PCB. Gusimbuza ikibaho cyumuzingi cyangiritse mumurima birashobora kuba bihenze, kandi kutanyurwa kwabakiriya mubisanzwe bihenze. Ninimpamvu yingenzi yo kuzirikana impamvu eshatu zingenzi zitera kwangirika kwa PCB mugushushanya: inenge zo gukora, ibintu bidukikije ndetse nigishushanyo kidahagije. Nubwo bimwe muribi bintu bishobora kutagenzurwa, ibintu byinshi birashobora kugabanywa mugihe cyicyiciro. Iyi niyo mpamvu gutegura ibihe bibi mugihe cyo gushushanya birashobora gufasha inama yawe gukora umubare runaka wimikorere.

01 Gukora inenge

Imwe mumpamvu zisanzwe zitera PCB igishushanyo mbonera cyatewe nubusembwa bwinganda. Izi nenge zirashobora kugorana kuyibona, ndetse biragoye kuyisana imaze kuvumburwa. Nubwo bimwe muribi bishobora gutegurwa, ibindi bigomba gusanwa nuwakoze amasezerano (CM).

02 ibintu bidukikije

Indi mpamvu isanzwe itera PCB kunanirwa ni ibidukikije bikora. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gushushanya ikibaho cyumuzunguruko nurubanza ukurikije ibidukikije bizakoreramo.

Ubushyuhe: Ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gitanga ubushyuhe kandi akenshi gihura nubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukora. Reba niba igishushanyo cya PCB kizenguruka uruzitiro rwacyo, guhura nizuba ryizuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hanze, cyangwa gukuramo ubushyuhe buturuka ahandi. Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe irashobora kandi kuvunika abagurisha, ibikoresho fatizo ndetse ninzu. Niba uruziga rwawe rufite ubushyuhe bwinshi, urashobora gukenera kwiga unyuze mu mwobo, ubusanzwe utwara ubushyuhe burenze SMT.

Umukungugu: Umukungugu ni bane y'ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Menya neza ko ikibazo cyawe gifite igipimo cyiza cya IP hamwe na / cyangwa guhitamo ibice bishobora gukemura urwego rwumukungugu uteganijwe mukarere gakoreramo kandi / cyangwa gukoresha ibifuniko bihuye.

Ubushuhe: Ubushuhe bubangamiye cyane ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Niba igishushanyo cya PCB gikorerwa ahantu h'ubushuhe cyane aho ubushyuhe buhinduka vuba, ubuhehere buzagenda buva mu kirere bugana ku muzunguruko. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko uburyo butarinda ubushuhe bwinjizwa muburyo bwimiterere yumuzunguruko na mbere yo kwishyiriraho.

Kunyeganyega kumubiri: Hariho impamvu yamamaza rikomeye rya elegitoroniki abantu bajugunya ku rutare cyangwa hasi. Mugihe cyo gukora, ibikoresho byinshi birashobora guhungabana kumubiri cyangwa kunyeganyega. Ugomba guhitamo akabati, imbaho ​​zumuzunguruko hamwe nibice bishingiye kumikorere yubukanishi kugirango ukemure iki kibazo.

03 Igishushanyo kidasanzwe

Ikintu cyanyuma cyibishushanyo mbonera bya PCB mugihe cyo gukora nikintu gikomeye: gushushanya. Niba intego ya injeniyeri atariyo yihariye intego zayo zo gukora; harimo kwizerwa no kuramba, ibi ntibishoboka. Niba ushaka ko ikibaho cyumuzunguruko kimara igihe kirekire, menya neza ko uhitamo ibice nibikoresho, shyira ikibaho cyumuzunguruko, kandi ugenzure igishushanyo ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye byubushakashatsi.

Guhitamo ibice: Igihe kirenze, ibice bizananirana cyangwa bihagarike umusaruro; icyakora, ntabwo byemewe ko kunanirwa kubaho mbere yuko ubuzima buteganijwe bwinama burangira. Kubwibyo, guhitamo kwawe bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mubidukikije kandi bikagira ubuzima buhagije mugihe cyateganijwe cyubuzima bwateganijwe bwikibaho.

Guhitamo ibikoresho: Nkuko imikorere yibigize izananirwa mugihe, niko gukora ibikoresho. Guhura nubushyuhe, gusiganwa ku magare yumuriro, urumuri ultraviolet, hamwe nihungabana ryumukanishi birashobora gutera ikibaho cyumuzunguruko no kunanirwa imburagihe. Kubwibyo, ugomba guhitamo ibikoresho byumuzunguruko hamwe ningaruka nziza zo gucapa ukurikije ubwoko bwumuzunguruko. Ibi bivuze gusuzuma ibintu bifatika no gukoresha ibikoresho bya inert bikwiranye nigishushanyo cyawe.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya PCB: Imiterere ya PCB idasobanutse neza nayo ishobora kuba intandaro yo kunanirwa kwinzira zumuzingi mugihe gikora. Kurugero, imbogamizi zidasanzwe zo kudashyiramo imbaho ​​nini za voltage; nkibipimo byumuvuduko mwinshi arc ukurikirana, birashobora gutera ikibaho cyumuzunguruko na sisitemu, ndetse bikanatera abakozi.

Kugenzura igishushanyo: Iyi ishobora kuba intambwe yingenzi mugukora uruziga rwizewe. Kora igenzura rya DFM hamwe na CM yawe yihariye. Bamwe mu ba CM barashobora gukomeza kwihanganira cyane no gukorana nibikoresho byihariye, mugihe abandi batabishobora. Mbere yo gutangira gukora, menya neza ko CM ishobora gukora ikibaho cyumuzunguruko uko ubishaka, bizemeza ko igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cya PCB A kitazatsindwa.

Ntabwo bishimishije kwiyumvisha ibintu bibi bishoboka muburyo bwa PCB. Kumenya ko wateguye ikibaho cyizewe, ntibizananirwa mugihe ikibaho cyoherejwe kubakiriya. Wibuke impamvu eshatu zingenzi zitera kwangirika kwa PCB kugirango ubashe kubona neza ikibaho cyumuzunguruko gihamye kandi cyizewe. Witondere gutegura inenge ninganda zidukikije uhereye mbere, kandi wibande kubyemezo byubushakashatsi kubibazo byihariye.