Igihe kirageze kugirango PCB igenzure yitondere amakuru arambuye kugirango turusheho kwitegura neza kugirango ibicuruzwa bibe byiza. Mugihe dusuzuma imbaho ​​za PCB, tugomba kwitondera inama 9 zikurikira.

1. Birabujijwe rwose gukoresha ibikoresho byipimisha hasi kugirango ukore kuri TV, amajwi, amashusho nibindi bikoresho bya plaque yo hepfo kugirango ugerageze ikibaho cya PCB udafite transformateur wenyine.
Birabujijwe rwose kugerageza mu buryo butaziguye TV, amajwi, videwo n'ibindi bikoresho bidafite imashini itandukanya amashanyarazi hamwe n'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bifite ibishishwa. Nubwo amajwi rusange ya cassette ya radio afite transformateur yingufu, mugihe uhuye nibindi bikoresho byihariye bya TV cyangwa amajwi, cyane cyane ingufu zisohoka cyangwa imiterere yumuriro w'amashanyarazi wakoreshejwe, ugomba kubanza kumenya niba chassis yimashini yishyurwa , bitabaye ibyo biroroshye cyane Televiziyo, amajwi nibindi bikoresho byashizwe ku isahani yo hepfo bitera umuzunguruko mugufi w'amashanyarazi, bigira ingaruka kumuzunguruko uhuriweho, bigatera kwaguka kwamakosa.

2. Witondere imikorere ya insulasiyo yo kugurisha mugihe ugerageza ikibaho cya PCB
Ntabwo byemewe gukoresha icyuma cyo kugurisha kugurisha nimbaraga. Menya neza ko icyuma cyo kugurisha kitishyurwa. Nibyiza guhonda igikonoshwa cyicyuma. Witondere cyane kumuzunguruko wa MOS. Ni byiza gukoresha icyuma gito cyumuzunguruko wa 6 ~ 8V.

3. Menya ihame ryakazi ryumuzunguruko hamwe nizunguruka zijyanye mbere yo kugerageza imbaho ​​za PCB
Mbere yo kugenzura no gusana uruziga rwinjizwamo, ugomba kubanza kumenyera imikorere yumuzunguruko uhuriweho wakoreshejwe, umuzenguruko w'imbere, ibipimo nyamukuru by'amashanyarazi, uruhare rwa buri pin, hamwe na voltage isanzwe ya pin, imiterere yumurongo nakazi. ihame ryumuzunguruko ugizwe nibice bya periferi. Niba ibisabwa haruguru byujujwe, gusesengura no kugenzura bizoroha cyane.

4. Ntugateze imiyoboro migufi hagati ya pin mugihe ugerageza PCB
Mugihe upima voltage cyangwa kugerageza umuyaga hamwe na oscilloscope probe, ntutere umuzenguruko mugufi hagati yipine yumuzunguruko uhuriweho kubera kunyerera kwizamini cyangwa kuyobora. Nibyiza gupima kuri peripheri yacapishijwe umuzenguruko uhujwe neza na pin. Inzira ngufi yigihe gito irashobora kwangiza byoroshye uruziga. Ugomba kwitonda cyane mugihe ugerageza flat-pack ya CMOS ihuriweho.

5. Kurwanya imbere mubikoresho bya test ya PCB bigomba kuba binini
Iyo upimye voltage ya DC ya pin ya IC, hagomba gukoreshwa multimeter ifite imbere imbere yumutwe wa metero irenga 20KΩ / V, bitabaye ibyo hazabaho ikosa rinini ryo gupima kuri voltage ya pin zimwe.

6. Witondere ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu zumuzunguruko mugihe ugerageza imbaho ​​za PCB
Imbaraga zuzuzanya zigomba gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza, kandi ntibyemewe gukora munsi yimbaraga nyinshi nta cyuma gishyushya.

7. Umugozi wambere wubuyobozi bwa PCB ugomba kuba ushyira mu gaciro
Niba ukeneye kongeramo ibice byo hanze kugirango usimbuze igice cyangiritse cyumuzunguruko uhuriweho, hagomba gutoranywa uduce duto, kandi insinga zigomba kuba zifite ishingiro kugirango wirinde guhuza parasitike bitari ngombwa, cyane cyane guhuza hagati yimbaraga zamajwi zuzuza amajwi hamwe numuzunguruko wa preamplifier. .

8. Reba ku kibaho cya PCB kugirango umenye ubuziranenge bwo gusudira
Iyo kugurisha, uwagurishije arakomeye, kandi kwirundanya kugurisha hamwe nu byobo bishobora gutera byoroshye kugurisha ibinyoma. Igihe cyo kugurisha muri rusange ntabwo kirenze amasegonda 3, kandi imbaraga zicyuma zigurisha zigomba kuba nka 25W hamwe no gushyushya imbere. Inzira yazengurutswe yagurishijwe igomba kugenzurwa neza. Nibyiza gukoresha ohmmeter kugirango umenye niba hari umuzunguruko mugufi hagati yipine, wemeze ko ntagurisha ryabacuruzi, hanyuma ufungure amashanyarazi.

9. Ntugahite umenya ibyangiritse byumuzunguruko mugihe ugerageza ikibaho cya PCB
Ntugacire urubanza ko umuzunguruko wangiritse wangiritse byoroshye. Kuberako imiyoboro myinshi ihuriweho hamwe ihujwe neza, iyo umuzunguruko udasanzwe, birashobora gutera impinduka nyinshi za voltage, kandi izi mpinduka ntabwo byanze bikunze biterwa no kwangirika kwumuzunguruko. Mubyongeyeho, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, voltage yapimwe ya buri pin itandukanye nibisanzwe Iyo indangagaciro zihuye cyangwa zegeranye, ntibishobora guhora bivuze ko umuzunguruko uhuriweho ari mwiza. Kuberako amakosa yoroheje amwe ntabwo azatera impinduka muri voltage ya DC.

Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo bya PCB
Kubuyobozi bushya bwa PCB bumaze gusubizwa inyuma, tugomba mbere na mbere kureba neza niba hari ibibazo biri ku kibaho, nko kumenya niba hari ibice bigaragara, imiyoboro migufi, imiyoboro ifunguye, n'ibindi nibiba ngombwa, reba niba guhangana hagati yabyo amashanyarazi hamwe nubutaka ni bunini bihagije.

Kububiko bushya bwumuzunguruko, gukemura akenshi bihura ningorane zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane iyo ikibaho ari kinini kandi hari ibice byinshi, akenshi ntibishoboka gutangira. Ariko niba uzi neza uburyo bukwiye bwo gukemura ibibazo, gukemura bizabona inshuro ebyiri ibisubizo hamwe nigice cyimbaraga.

Ubuyobozi bwa PCB bwo gukemura intambwe
1. Kubuyobozi bushya bwa PCB bumaze gusubizwa inyuma, tugomba mbere na mbere kureba neza niba hari ibibazo biri ku kibaho, nko kumenya niba hari ibice bigaragara, imiyoboro migufi, imiyoboro ifunguye, n'ibindi nibiba ngombwa, reba niba kurwanya hagati yo gutanga amashanyarazi nubutaka ni binini bihagije.

2. Noneho ibice byashizweho. Module yigenga, niba utazi neza ko ikora neza, nibyiza kutayishyiraho yose, ahubwo ugashyiraho igice kubice (kumirongo mito mito, urashobora kuyishyiraho icyarimwe), kugirango byoroshye menya intera ikosa. Irinde kugira ikibazo cyo gutangira mugihe uhuye nibibazo.

Mubisanzwe, urashobora kubanza gushiraho amashanyarazi, hanyuma hanyuma hanyuma ukareba niba ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi ari ibisanzwe. Niba udafite ikizere kinini mugihe ufite ingufu (niyo waba ubizi neza, birasabwa ko wongera fuse, mugihe bibaye), tekereza gukoresha amashanyarazi ashobora kugenzurwa hamwe nibikorwa bigabanya ubu.

Banza ushireho uburinzi burenze urugero, hanyuma wongere buhoro buhoro agaciro ka voltage yumuriro wagenwe, hanyuma ukurikirane ibyinjira, voltage yinjira, nibisohoka voltage. Niba nta kurinda gukabije hamwe nibindi bibazo mugihe cyo guhinduka hejuru, hamwe na voltage yasohotse igeze mubisanzwe, amashanyarazi ni meza. Bitabaye ibyo, hagarika amashanyarazi, shakisha aho ikosa, hanyuma usubiremo intambwe yavuzwe haruguru kugeza amashanyarazi asanzwe.

3. Ibikurikira, shyiramo izindi module buhoro buhoro. Igihe cyose module yashizwemo, imbaraga kuri no kugerageza. Mugihe ukoresha, kurikiza intambwe zavuzwe haruguru kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero byatewe namakosa yo gushushanya na / cyangwa amakosa yo kwishyiriraho hanyuma utwike ibice.

Inzira yo kubona ikibaho cya PCB
1. Shakisha ikibaho cya PCB mugupima uburyo bwa voltage
Ikintu cya mbere cyemeza ni ukumenya niba voltage ya buri chip itanga amashanyarazi ari ibisanzwe, hanyuma ukareba niba voltage zitandukanye zerekanwa ari ibisanzwe, kandi niba voltage ikora ya buri ngingo ari ibisanzwe. Kurugero, iyo transistor rusange ya silicon ifunguye, voltage ya BE ihuza hafi 0.7V, mugihe voltage ya CE ihuza 0.3V cyangwa munsi yayo. Niba BE ihuza voltage ya transistor irenze 0.7V (usibye tristoriste idasanzwe, nka Darlington, nibindi), ihuriro rya BE rirashobora gufungura.

2. Uburyo bwo gutera ibimenyetso kugirango ubone ikibaho cya PCB
Ongeraho ibimenyetso byerekana isoko yinjiza, hanyuma upime imiterere ya buri ngingo kugirango urebe niba ari ibisanzwe kubona ikosa. Rimwe na rimwe, tuzakoresha uburyo bworoshye, nko gufata twezeri n'amaboko yacu, kugirango dukore kuri terefone yinjira mu nzego zose kugira ngo turebe niba ibyasohotse bisubiza, bikunze gukoreshwa mu majwi, amashusho ndetse no mu zindi nzitizi (ariko witonde, ushyushye hepfo Ubu buryo ntibushobora gukoreshwa kumuzunguruko ufite voltage nyinshi cyangwa amashanyarazi menshi, bitabaye ibyo birashobora gutera amashanyarazi). Niba nta gisubizo kurwego rwabanje, ariko hari igisubizo kurwego rukurikira, bivuze ko ikibazo kiri murwego rwabanje kandi kigomba kugenzurwa.

3. Ubundi buryo bwo kubona ikibaho cya PCB
Hariho ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kubona ingingo zamakosa, nko kureba, kumva, kunuka, gukoraho, nibindi.
"Kubona" ​​ni ukureba niba hari ibintu bigaragara byangiritse byububiko, nko guturika, gutwika, guhindura ibintu, nibindi.;
"Gutegera" ni ukumva niba ijwi ryakazi risanzwe, kurugero, ikintu kitagomba kuvuza kiravuza, ahantu hagomba kuvuzwa ntabwo havugwa cyangwa amajwi adasanzwe, nibindi.;
“Impumuro” ni ukugenzura niba hari impumuro idasanzwe, nk'impumuro yo gutwika, impumuro ya capacitor electrolyte, n'ibindi. Kubakozi bafite uburambe bwo kubungabunga ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, bumva neza iyo mpumuro;
"Gukoraho" nugupima niba ubushyuhe bwigikoresho ari ibisanzwe, kurugero, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubukonje bukabije.

Ibikoresho bimwe byamashanyarazi bizashyuha mugihe bikora. Niba bakonje gukoraho, birashobora kugaragara ko badakora. Ariko niba ahantu hatagomba gushyuha hashyushye cyangwa ahantu hagomba gushyuha harashyushye cyane, ibyo ntibikora. Imbaraga rusange za tristoriste, chip ya voltage igenzura, nibindi, gukora munsi ya dogere 70 nibyiza rwose. Ni ubuhe buryo bwa dogere 70? Niba ukanze ukuboko hejuru, urashobora kugifata amasegonda arenga atatu, bivuze ko ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere 70 (menya ko ugomba kubanza kubikoraho, kandi ntutwike amaboko).