Kenshi Byashizeho ibibaho byanditse cyangwa PCB ntibizigera byujuje ubuziranenge busabwa kubyara ibicuruzwa. Ubushobozi bwo gucira urubanza ubuziranenge bwa PCB ni ngombwa cyane. Ubunararibonye nubumenyi bwigishushanyo cya PCB gisabwa gukora isubiramo ryuzuye. Ariko, hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gucira urubanza vuba ubuziranenge bwa PCB.

Igishushanyo cya Schematike gishobora kuba gihagije kugirango yerekane ibice byimikorere runaka nuburyo bahujwe. Ariko, amakuru yatanzwe na gahunda yerekeye gushyira hamwe no guhuza ibice kugirango ibikorwa byatanzwe ni bike. Ibi bivuze ko niyo PCB yateguwe no gushyira mubikorwa neza ibice byose bihuza igishushanyo cyuzuye cyakazi, birashoboka ko ibicuruzwa byanyuma bidashobora gukora nkuko byari byitezwe. Kugirango usuzume vuba ubuziranenge bwa PCB, nyamuneka suzuma ibi bikurikira:

1. PCB

Ibimenyetso bigaragara bya PCB bitwikiriwe numucuruzi byananiranye, bifasha kurinda ibimenyetso byumuringa kuva kuzunguruka gato no kuri okiside. Amabara atandukanye arashobora gukoreshwa, ariko ibara rikoreshwa cyane ni icyatsi. Menya ko bigoye kubona ibimenyetso bitewe nibara ryera rya mask yumugurisha. Mubihe byinshi, turashobora kubona gusa hejuru no hepfo. Iyo PCB ifite ibice birenga bibiri, ibice byimbere ntibigaragara. Ariko, biroroshye gucira urubanza ubuziranenge bwigishushanyo ureba gusa.

Mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibikorwa byo gusuzuma, reba ibimenyetso kugirango wemeze ko ntaho byunamye kandi byose bigura mumurongo ugororotse. Irinde kunyeganyega, kuko zimwe-nyinshi-nyinshi cyangwa imbaraga zo hejuru zishobora gutera ibibazo. Irinde burundu kubera ko ari ikimenyetso cyanyuma cyo gushushanya ububi.

2. Gukoresha Gucukura

Kugirango ushumure urusaku rwinshi rushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kuri chip, ubushobozi bwa decoupling buherereye hafi yingufu za PIN. Mubisanzwe, niba chip irimo ibirenze imwe yo gukora-kuri pin (Vdd) PIN, buri pin ikeneye ubushobozi bwo gutesha agaciro, rimwe na rimwe ndetse nibindi byinshi.

Guhashobozi bya decoupling bigomba gushyirwaho cyane kuri pin kugirango bitere decoupled. Niba idashyizwe hafi ya PIN, ingaruka za capator ya decoupling zizagabanuka cyane. Niba ubushobozi bwa decoupling butashyizwe kuruhande rwimikino kuri microchips nyinshi, ibi byongeye kwerekana ko igishushanyo cya PCB atari cyo.

3. Uburebure bwa PCB buringaniza

Kugirango ukore ibimenyetso byinshi bifite umubano mwiza, uburebure bwa PCB bugomba guhuzwa no gushushanya. Uburebure bwuburebure buhuza byemeza ko ibimenyetso byose bigera aho bireba hamwe no gutinda kandi bifasha gukomeza umubano hagati yisonga. Birakenewe kubona igishushanyo cya Schemati kugirango umenye niba hari umurongo wibimenyetso usaba umubano mwiza. Izi ngingo zirashobora gukurikiranwa kugirango urebe niba ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kubungabunga ibimenyetso byakoreshejwe (bitabaye ibyo kwitwa gutinda imirongo). Mubihe byinshi, iyi mirongo yatinze isa nkimirongo igoramye.

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko gutinda kwinyongera byatewe na vias munzira y'ibimenyetso. Niba vias bidashobora kwirindwa, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko amatsinda yose akurikira afite imibare ingana ya vias hamwe nubusabane busobanutse. Ubundi, gutinda kwatewe na Bible birashobora kwishyurwa ukoresheje latique.

4. Guhindura Ibice

Nubwo Indumimari zifite ubushobozi bwo kubyara imirima ya rukuruzi, injeniyeri igomba kwemeza ko idashyizwe hafi mugihe ukoresheje indumiziki mumuzunguruko. Niba ivu ryashyizwe hafi, cyane cyane kurangira, kumpera, bizatera ubukana bwangiza hagati ya Indumu. Bitewe numurima wa rukururiwe na InDuctor, hari amashanyarazi yatewe mubintu binini byicyuma. Kubwibyo, bagomba gushyirwa kumurongo runaka uva mucyuma, bitabaye ibyo Agaciro kasuctation karashobora guhinduka. Mugushira kuri amavuko perpendicular kuri mugenzi wawe, nubwo abarwanyi bashyizwe hafi hamwe, guhuza bitari ngombwa birashobora kugabanuka.

Niba PCB ifite imbaraga zimbaraga cyangwa izindi ngingo zibyara ubushyuhe, ugomba gusuzuma ingaruka zubushyuhe kubindi bice. Kurugero, niba ubushobozi bwindibukire bwihangana cyangwa therwatis ikoreshwa mumuzunguruko, ntibagomba gushirwa hafi yubukorikori cyangwa ibice byose bitanga ubushyuhe.

Hagomba kubaho ahantu mwiyeguriye PCB kubigega byinama na redulator hamwe nibice bifitanye isano. Iki gice kigomba gushyirwaho uko gishoboka uhereye kubice byinshi bikemura ibimenyetso bito. Niba amashanyarazi ac ajyanye na PCB, hagomba kubaho igice cyihariye kuruhande rwa AC ya PCB. Niba ibice bitatandukanye ukurikije ibyifuzo byavuzwe haruguru, ireme rya PCB rizatera ikibazo.

5. Ubugari

Abashinzwe injeniyeri bagomba kwita cyane kugirango bamenye neza ingano yinzira zitwara imigezi nini. Niba ibimenyetso bitwara ibimenyetso byihuse cyangwa ibimenyetso bya digitale bibangikanya kuri trice zitwara ibimenyetso bito bya analog, ibibazo byurusaku birashobora kuvuka. Igisubizo cyahujwe na Indumu gifite ubushobozi bwo gukora nka antenna kandi bishobora gutera imyuka yangiza. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, ibimenyetso ntibigomba kuba byiza.

6. Indege

Niba PCB ifite ibice bibiri, digital na Analog, kandi igomba guhuzwa mugihe kimwe gusa (mubisanzwe ingufu mbi), indege yubutaka igomba gutandukana. Ibi birashobora gufasha kwirinda ingaruka mbi yigice cya digitale kubice bya Analog biterwa nubutaka buringaniye. Ubutaka bugaruka kuzunguruka (niba PCB ifite ibice bibiri gusa) bigomba gutandukana, hanyuma bigomba guhuzwa kumyanya mibi. Birasabwa cyane kugira byibuze ibice bine kuri PCB nyinshi zigoye cyane, kandi ibice bibiri by'imbere birasabwa kubwimbaraga nubutaka.

Mu gusoza

Kuba injeniyeri, ni ngombwa cyane kugira ubumenyi buhagije bwumwuga muri PCB igishushanyo mbonera cyo gucira urubanza ubuziranenge bwimikorere imwe cyangwa imwe. Ariko, injeniyeri zidafite ubumenyi bwumwuga zirashobora kureba uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru. Mbere yo kwimura prototyping, cyane cyane iyo ushushanya ibicuruzwa byo gutangiza, burigihe ni igitekerezo cyiza cyo guhora gifite umuhanga ugenzura ubuziranenge bwibishushanyo mbonera cya PCB.