Mu gishushanyo cya PCB, hakoreshejwe electronagnetic (EMC) kandi bifitanye isano no kwivanga bya electronagnetike (eMI) byahozeho ibibazo byinshi byateye injeniyeri, cyane cyane ibipfunyika byumuzunguruko bigabanuka, kandi onEd bisaba uburyo bwo kwimukira cyane.

1. CrosStalk hamwe nintwaro ningingo zingenzi

Insinga ni ngombwa cyane kugirango urebe ibisanzwe byo gutembera. Niba iki kiva kuri oscillator cyangwa ikindi gikoresho gisa, ni ngombwa cyane cyane gukomeza ubu buryo butandukanye bwindege, cyangwa kutareka kwiruka muri iki gihe. Ibice bibiri bibangikanye ibimenyetso byihuta bizabyara EMC na EMI, cyane cyane ububiko. Inzira yo kurwanya igomba kuba ngufi, kandi gusubira munzira y'ubu bigomba kuba bigufi bishoboka. Uburebure bwinzira yo kugaruka bigomba kuba kimwe nuburebure bwa ohereza

Kuri EMI, imwe yitwa "kwitwa intwaro" naho ikindi ni "inyoni zahohotewe". Kwigenga kwa Induction kandi ubushobozi bwaho buzagira ingaruka kumugaragaro "uwahohotewe" bitewe no kuba hari imirima ya electonagnetike, bityo ikabyara imbere kandi ikaba igira ingaruka kumuntu "wahohotewe". Muri uru rubanza, ibishishwa bizakorerwa ahantu hahamye aho uburebure bwo kohereza no kwakirwa hejuru yikimenyetso buringaniye.

Mu buryo bwuzuye kandi buhamye cyane kandi buhamye, imigezi yatewe igomba guhagarikana kugirango ikureho ibihingwa. Ariko, turi mwisi idatunganye, kandi ibintu nkibi ntibizabaho. Kubwibyo, intego yacu ni ugukomeza gukunganya ibimenyetso byose kugeza byibuze. Niba ubugari hagati yumurongo uhwanye ni kabiri ubugari bwimirongo, ingaruka za coosstalk zirashobora kugabanywa. Kurugero, niba ubugari bwa trace ari mils 5, intera ntarengwa iri hagati yibimenyetso bibiri bibangishwa bigomba kuba mils 10 cyangwa byinshi.

Nkuko ibikoresho bishya nibice bishya bikomeje kugaragara, abashushanya PCB bagomba gukomeza guhangana nibibazo bya electonagnetic no gukemura ibibazo.

2. Gukoresha Gucukura

Gukoresha decoupling birashobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi za kamere. Bagomba kuba hagati yingufu za PIN nubutaka PIN yigikoresho kugirango babone amakosa make kandi bagabanye urusaku na Crosstalk. Kugirango ugere kumwanya muto kurenza urugero rwa kabiri, ubushobozi bwinshi butesha agaciro bugomba gukoreshwa.

Ihame ryingenzi ryo gushyira ubushobozi bwo gutesha agaciro nuko ubushobozi bwagaciro hamwe nubushobozi bwagaciro bugomba kuba hafi yigikoresho kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zivangura. Iyi campatriply yihariye ishoboka ishoboka kumashanyarazi cyangwa imbaraga zamashanyarazi, hanyuma uhuze padi ya fagitire muburyo bukoreshwa cyangwa. Niba ibimenyetso birebire, koresha verisiyo nyinshi kugirango ugabanye impeta.

3. Ubutaka bwa PCB

Inzira y'ingenzi yo kugabanya EMI ni ugushushanya indege ya PCB. Intambwe yambere nugukora agace k'ibintu bishoboka mukarere kwose k'uburinganire bwa PCB, bushobora kugabanya imyuka, ububiko n'urusaku. Kwitaho byihariye bigomba gufatwa mugihe uhuza buri kintu gihurira hasi cyangwa indege. Niba ibi bidakozwe, ingaruka zidahwitse zundege yizewe ntizigomba gukoreshwa byuzuye.

Igishushanyo gikomeye cya PCB gifite voltas nyinshi zihamye. Byaba byiza, buri reference yerekana indege yacyo ijyanye nindege. Ariko, niba urwego rwubutaka runini cyane, ruzamura ikiguzi cyo gukora cya PCB hanyuma ukore igiciro kinini. Kwiyunga ni ugukoresha indege zubutaka mumyanya itatu kugeza kuri eshanu zitandukanye, kandi buri ndege irashobora kuba irimo ibice byinshi. Ibi ntabwo bigenzura gusa ikiguzi cyo gukora cyinama yumuzunguruko, ariko nanone kugabanya EMI na EMC.

Niba ushaka kugabanya EMC, sisitemu yo gutandukanya ibintu ni ngombwa cyane. Muri PCB-nyinshi, nibyiza kugira indege yizewe, aho kuba umujura wumuringa cyangwa indege yubutaka itatanye, kuko ifite intanga nke, irashobora gutanga inzira iriho, nisoko nziza yerekana ibimenyetso.

Uburebure bwigihe ibimenyetso bisubira hasi nabyo ni ngombwa cyane. Igihe kiri hagati yikimenyetso nisoko yikimenyetso kigomba kuba kingana, bitabaye ibyo bizatanga antenna nka phenomenon, bigatuma imbaraga zimurikirwa igice cya EMI. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibimenyetso byohereza kuri / uhereye ku isonga bigomba kuba bigufi bishoboka. Niba uburebure bwinzira yinkomoko ninzira yo kugaruka ntabwo bingana, ubutaka buturuka buzabaho, buzabaho EMI.

4. Irinde 90 °

Kugirango tugabanye Emi, irinde kubyihanga, vias nibindi bice bigize 90 °, kuko inguni yiburyo izabyara imirasire. Kuri iyi mfuruka, ubushobozi bwiyongera, kandi impengabitekerezo iranga nayo izahinduka, iganisha ku bitekerezo hanyuma EMI. Kugira ngo wirinde 90 ° Inguni, ibimenyetso bigomba kurongorwa ku mfuruka byibuze kubiri 45 °.

5. Koresha Vias witonze

Muri Imiterere hafi ya yose ya PCB, Vias igomba gukoreshwa mugutanga amasano yo kuyobora ahantu hatandukanye. Abashakashatsi ba PCB bakeneye kwitonda cyane kuko Vas azabyara imbaraga nubushobozi. Rimwe na rimwe, bazatanga ibitekerezo, kuko impengabitekerezo iranga izahinduka mugihe hakozwe mubisobanuro.

Wibuke kandi ko Vias azongera uburebure bwinzira kandi bigomba guhuzwa. Niba ari inzira itandukanye, vias igomba kwirindwa bishoboka. Niba bidashobora kwirindwa, koresha vias muri tras zombi kugirango wishyure gutinda mu kimenyetso no kugaruka inzira.

6. Umugozi no gukingira kumubiri

Intsinga zitwaje imirongo ya digitale na Analog zizatanga ubushobozi bwa parasitike hamwe na gahunda, bigatera ibibazo byinshi bijyanye na EMC. Niba umugozi uhindagurika ukoreshwa, urwego ruhuza ruzaguma hasi kandi umurima wa rukuruzi uzavaho. Kubyerekeranye na metero nyinshi, umugozi ukingiwe ugomba gukoreshwa, kandi imbere ninyuma yinyuma igomba gushingira ku gukuraho kwivanga EMI.

Kwizerwa kumubiri nugukandagura byose cyangwa igice cya sisitemu ifite ibyuma kugirango birinde EMI kwinjira mukarere ka PCB. Ubu bwoko bwo gukingira bumeze nkibikoresho bifunze bifatika, bigabanya ubunini bwa antenna kandi bukurura EMI.