Mawaya osindikizira a board (PCB) amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamabwalo othamanga kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri ndi imodzi mwamasitepe omaliza pamapangidwe a dera. Pali mavuto ambiri ndi ma waya othamanga kwambiri a PCB, ndipo zolemba zambiri zalembedwa pamutuwu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza makamaka mawaya a mabwalo othamanga kwambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zothandiza. Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kuthandiza ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano kulabadira nkhani zambiri zosiyanasiyana zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga masanjidwe a PCB othamanga kwambiri. Cholinga china ndi kupereka zinthu review kwa makasitomala amene sanakhudze PCB mawaya kwa kanthawi. Chifukwa cha kusanjika kochepa, nkhaniyi siingathe kukambirana mwatsatanetsatane nkhani zonse, koma tidzakambirana mbali zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndi kusunga nthawi yosintha.
Ngakhale cholinga chachikulu apa ndi pa mabwalo okhudzana ndi ma amplifiers othamanga kwambiri, mavuto ndi njira zomwe tafotokozazi nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito pama waya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo ena othamanga kwambiri. Pamene amplifier yogwira ntchito ikugwira ntchito mu band ya frequency frequency (RF) yapamwamba kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito amatengera mawonekedwe a PCB. Mapangidwe apamwamba ozungulira omwe amawoneka bwino pa "zojambula" amatha kupeza ntchito wamba ngati amakhudzidwa ndi kusasamala panthawi ya waya. Kuyang'aniratu ndi chidwi pazambiri zofunika panthawi yonse yolumikizira ma waya kumathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti dera likuyenda bwino.
Chithunzi chojambula
Ngakhale chilinganizo chabwino sichingatsimikizire mawaya abwino, mawaya abwino amayamba ndi dongosolo labwino. Ganizirani mosamalitsa pojambula schema, ndipo muyenera kuganizira za kayendedwe ka chigawo chonsecho. Ngati pali kayendedwe kokhazikika komanso kokhazikika kwa siginecha kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja mu schematic, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala njira yabwino yofananira pa PCB. Perekani zambiri zothandiza monga momwe mungathere pa schematic. Chifukwa nthawi zina wokonza dera kulibe, makasitomala amatipempha kuti tithandize kuthetsa vuto la dera, okonza, amisiri ndi mainjiniya omwe amagwira nawo ntchitoyi adzayamikira kwambiri, kuphatikizapo ife.
Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiritso zanthawi zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kulekerera zolakwika, ndi chidziwitso chotani chomwe chiyenera kuperekedwa m'chimangidwecho? Nawa malingaliro ena osinthira schematics wamba kukhala masinthidwe apamwamba. Onjezani ma waveform, zambiri zamakina za chipolopolo, kutalika kwa mizere yosindikizidwa, malo opanda kanthu; onetsani zigawo zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa pa PCB; perekani zidziwitso zosintha, kuchuluka kwazinthu, kutayika kwa kutentha, kuwongolera mizere yosindikizidwa, ndemanga, ndi mabwalo achidule Mafotokozedwe a zochita… (ndi zina).
Osakhulupirira aliyense
Ngati simukupanga mawaya nokha, onetsetsani kuti mwapatsa nthawi yokwanira kuti muyang'ane mosamala kapangidwe kake. Kapewedwe kakang'ono ndi koyenera kuwirikiza kawiri pa nthawiyi. Musamayembekezere kuti woyimbayo amvetsetse malingaliro anu. Malingaliro anu ndi chitsogozo ndizofunikira kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa ndondomeko yopangira mawaya. Zambiri zomwe mungapereke, komanso mukamalowererapo panjira yonse yolumikizira ma waya, ndiye kuti PCB idzakhala yabwinoko. Khazikitsani malo ongomaliza opangira mawayilesi mwachangu malinga ndi lipoti lomwe mukufuna. Njira "yotseka" iyi imalepheretsa mawaya kusokera, motero kuchepetsa kuthekera kokonzanso.
Malangizo omwe akuyenera kuperekedwa kwa mainjiniya opanga ma waya akuphatikizapo: kufotokozera mwachidule za ntchito yozungulira, chithunzi cha PCB chosonyeza malo omwe alowetsedwa ndi kutulutsa, chidziwitso cha PCB chosungira (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa bolodi, magawo angati) pali, ndi zambiri zokhudza wosanjikiza aliyense chizindikiro ndi pansi ndege-ntchito Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, waya pansi, chizindikiro analogi, digito chizindikiro ndi RF chizindikiro); zizindikiro zomwe zimafunikira pagawo lililonse; amafuna kuyika kwa zigawo zofunika; malo enieni a zigawo zodutsa; mizere yosindikizidwa ndiyofunikira; mizere yomwe imayenera kuwongolera mizere yosindikizidwa ya impedance; Ndi mizere iti yomwe ikufunika kuti ifanane ndi kutalika kwake; kukula kwa zigawo; mizere yosindikizidwa iyenera kukhala patali (kapena pafupi) wina ndi mzake; mizere yomwe iyenera kukhala kutali (kapena pafupi) wina ndi mzake; zigawo zomwe ziyenera kukhala kutali (kapena kuyandikana) kwa wina ndi mzake; zomwe zigawo ziyenera kuikidwa Pamwamba pa PCB, zomwe zimayikidwa pansipa. Osadandaula kuti pali zambiri zambiri kwa ena-zochepa kwambiri? Ndi zochuluka kwambiri? Osa.
Zokumana nazo pakuphunzira: Pafupifupi zaka 10 zapitazo, ndidapanga bolodi yozungulira yamitundu yambiri - pali zigawo mbali zonse za bolodi. Gwiritsani ntchito zomangira zambiri kukonza bolodi mu chipolopolo cha aluminiyamu chokhala ndi golide (chifukwa pali zizindikiro zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka). Zikhomo zomwe zimapereka chakudya chokondera zimadutsa pa bolodi. Pini iyi imalumikizidwa ndi PCB ndi mawaya a soldering. Ichi ndi chipangizo chovuta kwambiri. Zigawo zina pa bolodi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mayeso (SAT). Koma ndafotokoza momveka bwino malo a zigawozi. Kodi mungaganizire komwe zidazi zayikidwa? Mwa njira, pansi pa bolodi. Pamene akatswiri opanga zinthu ndi akatswiri amayenera kusokoneza chipangizo chonsecho ndikuchigwirizanitsa pambuyo pomaliza zoikamo, adawoneka osakondwa kwambiri. Sindinalakwitsenso izi kuyambira pamenepo.
Udindo
Monga ngati PCB, malo ndi chilichonse. Kumene mungayike dera pa PCB, komwe mungayikitsire zigawo zake zapadera, ndi mabwalo ena oyandikana nawo, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, malo olowera, zotulutsa, ndi magetsi amakonzedweratu, koma dera lomwe lili pakati pawo liyenera "kusewera luso lawo." Ichi ndichifukwa chake kulabadira zambiri za wiring kumabweretsa phindu lalikulu. Yambani ndi malo a zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kuganizira dera yeniyeni ndi PCB lonse. Kufotokozera malo a zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi njira zowonetsera kuyambira pachiyambi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti mapangidwewo akukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Kupeza mapangidwe oyenera nthawi yoyamba kungachepetse ndalama ndi kupanikizika-ndi kufupikitsa chitukuko.
Mphamvu yolambalala
Kudutsa mphamvu yamagetsi kumbali ya mphamvu ya amplifier kuti muchepetse phokoso ndilofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe a PCB-kuphatikizapo amplifiers othamanga kwambiri kapena mabwalo ena othamanga kwambiri. Pali njira ziwiri zosinthira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podutsa ma amplifiers othamanga kwambiri.
Kuyika poyatsira magetsi: Njira iyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor angapo ofanana kuti atsike mwachindunji pini yamagetsi ya amplifier yogwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, ma capacitor awiri ofanana ndi okwanira-koma kuwonjezera ma capacitor ofanana kungathandize madera ena.
Kulumikizana kofananira kwa ma capacitor okhala ndi ma capacitance osiyanasiyana kumathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti kutsika kosinthika kwapano (AC) kumawonekera pa pini yamagetsi pa bandi yayikulu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya amplifier power supply rejection ratio (PSR). Capacitor iyi imathandizira kubweza PSR yochepetsedwa ya amplifier. Kusunga njira yochepetsera pansi pamagawo ambiri a ma octave khumi kudzathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti phokoso loyipa silingalowe mu op amp. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor angapo mofanana. Pamaulendo otsika, ma capacitor akulu amapereka njira yotsika yotsika. Koma mafupipafupi akafika pafupipafupi pawokha, mphamvu ya capacitor idzafowoka ndipo pang'onopang'ono imawoneka yochititsa chidwi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor angapo: pamene kuyankha pafupipafupi kwa capacitor imodzi kumayamba kutsika, kuyankha pafupipafupi kwa capacitor ina kumayamba kugwira ntchito, kotero kumatha kukhalabe otsika kwambiri a AC impedance m'magawo ambiri a octave khumi.
Yambani mwachindunji ndi zikhomo zamagetsi za op amp; capacitor yokhala ndi capacitance yaying'ono kwambiri ndi kukula kwa thupi kocheperako iyenera kuyikidwa kumbali imodzi ya PCB monga op amp-ndipo pafupi kwambiri ndi amplifier. Malo otsetsereka a capacitor ayenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi ndege yapansi ndi pini yaifupi kwambiri kapena waya wosindikizidwa. Kulumikizana pamwamba pa nthaka kuyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi malo osungira katundu wa amplifier kuti achepetse kusokoneza pakati pa magetsi ndi malo oyambira pansi.
Izi ziyenera kubwerezedwa kwa ma capacitor omwe ali ndi mtengo wotsatira waukulu kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti muyambe ndi mtengo wocheperako wa 0.01 µF ndikuyika 2.2 µF (kapena yokulirapo) electrolytic capacitor yokhala ndi otsika ofanana nawo kukana (ESR) pafupi nayo. Capacitor ya 0.01 µF yokhala ndi kukula kwa 0508 imakhala ndi inductance yotsika kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri.
Kuyika kwamagetsi kumagetsi: Njira ina yosinthira imagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chimodzi kapena zingapo zolumikizirana ndi ma terminals abwino komanso oyipa a amplifier. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene kuli kovuta kukonza ma capacitor anayi mu dera. Choyipa chake ndikuti kukula kwa capacitor kumatha kuwonjezeka chifukwa voteji kudutsa capacitor imakhala yowirikiza kawiri mtengo wamagetsi munjira yoperekera imodzi. Kuchulukitsa magetsi kumafuna kukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya chipangizocho, ndiko kuti, kukulitsa kukula kwa nyumba. Komabe, njira iyi imatha kusintha PSR ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.
Chifukwa dera lililonse ndi mawaya ndi osiyana, kasinthidwe, nambala ndi capacitance mtengo wa capacitors ayenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zofunikira za dera lenileni.