PCB Defects and Quality control, pamene timayesetsa kukhalabe ndi miyezo yapamwamba ya khalidwe ndi mphamvu, ndikofunikira kuti tithane ndi kuchepetsa zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwira PCB.

Pa gawo lililonse lopanga, mavuto amatha kuchitika omwe amayambitsa zolakwika mu bolodi yomalizidwa. Zowonongeka zodziwika bwino ndi monga kuwotcherera, kuwonongeka kwa makina, kuipitsidwa, kusalongosoka kwa mawonekedwe, zolakwika za plating, kusanjika bwino mkati, zovuta zoboola, ndi zovuta zakuthupi.

Zolakwika izi zitha kubweretsa mabwalo amfupi amagetsi, mabwalo otseguka, kukongola kosawoneka bwino, kudalirika kochepa, komanso kulephera kwathunthu kwa PCB.

Kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kupanga ndizomwe zimayambitsa zovuta ziwiri za PCB.

Nazi zina mwazifukwa zazikulu zopangira zolakwika za PCB:

1.Mapangidwe olakwika

Zowonongeka zambiri za PCB zimachokera ku zovuta zamapangidwe. Zifukwa zodziwika bwino zokhudzana ndi mapangidwe zimaphatikizapo malo osakwanira pakati pa mizere, malupu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira borehole, ngodya zakuthwa zomwe zimaposa mphamvu zopangira, ndi kulolerana kwa mizere yopyapyala kapena mipata yomwe siingapezeke popanga.

Zitsanzo zina zikuphatikizapo njira zofananira zomwe zimayika chiopsezo cha misampha ya asidi, zizindikiro zabwino zomwe zingawonongeke ndi electrostatic discharge, ndi nkhani zowononga kutentha.

Kupanga kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa Design for Manufacturability (DFM) ndikutsata malangizo a mapangidwe a PCB kumatha kupewa zolakwika zambiri zobwera chifukwa cha mapangidwe.

Kuphatikizira mainjiniya opanga pamapangidwe amathandizira kuwunika momwe angapangire. Zida zofananira ndi zofananira zimathanso kutsimikizira kulekerera kwapangidwe kuzovuta zenizeni komanso kuzindikira malo omwe ali ndi vuto. Kukonza mapangidwe opanga ndi gawo loyamba lofunikira pakuchepetsa zovuta zodziwika bwino za PCB.

2.PCB kuipitsidwa

Kupanga kwa PCB kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri ndi njira zomwe zingayambitse kuipitsidwa. Panthawi yopanga, PCBS imayipitsidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu monga zotsalira za flux, mafuta a chala, yankho la acid plating, zinyalala za tinthu ndi zotsalira zotsuka.

Zowonongeka zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha mabwalo amfupi amagetsi, mabwalo otseguka, zovuta zowotcherera, komanso zovuta za dzimbiri kwanthawi yayitali. Chepetsani chiwopsezo cha kuipitsidwa posunga malo opangira zinthu zaukhondo, kutsata malamulo okhwima oletsa kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso kupewa kukhudzana ndi anthu. Maphunziro a ogwira ntchito pa kasamalidwe koyenera ndi kofunikiranso.

3.chilema chakuthupi

Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PCB ziyenera kukhala zopanda zolakwika zomwe zidabadwa. Zida za PCB zosagwirizana (monga ma laminates otsika kwambiri, prepregs, zojambulazo, ndi zigawo zina) zikhoza kukhala ndi zolakwika monga kusakwanira kwa utomoni, magalasi a fiber protrusions, pinholes, ndi nodules.

Zolakwika zakuthupi izi zitha kuphatikizidwa mu pepala lomaliza ndikukhudza magwiridwe antchito. Kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zonse zatengedwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odziwika omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera bwino kungathandize kupewa zovuta zokhudzana ndi zinthu. Kuyang'ana kwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera kumalimbikitsidwanso.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwamakina, zolakwika za anthu ndi kusintha kwadongosolo kungakhudzenso kupanga kwa pcb.

Zowonongeka zimachitika pakupanga kwa PCB chifukwa cha mapangidwe ndi kupanga zinthu. Kumvetsetsa zolakwika zofala kwambiri za PCB kumathandizira kuti mafakitale aziyang'ana kwambiri zoyeserera zopewera ndikuwunika. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zodzitchinjiriza ndikusanthula kapangidwe kake, kuwongolera mosamalitsa, oyendetsa sitima, kuyang'ana bwino, kusunga ukhondo, ma track board ndi mfundo zotsimikizira zolakwika.