Chifukwa cha kukula kwakung'ono ndi kukula, palibenso mfundo zosindikizidwa zolembedwa kuti zikhale msika wokulirapo wa Iot. Malingaliro amenewa asanatuluke, tinayenera kudalira chidziwitso ndi zokumana nazo zomwe adaphunzira m'kukula pang'onopang'ono ndikuganiza momwe angazigwiritsire ntchito zovuta zina zapadera. Pali magawo atatu omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chathu chapadera. Ndiwo: Boloding Center topts, rf / microwave kapangidwe kake ndi mizere ya RF.
Zinthu za PCB
"PCB Zinthu zomwe zili pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa prefreg.
Zipangizo zolemereka zimafunikira kudalirika kwakukulu, kotero pomwe opanga PCB amayang'aniridwa ndi kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito fr4 (zokolola zotsika mtengo kwambiri) kapena zochulukirapo komanso zotsika mtengo, izi zidzakhala vuto.
Ngati ntchito zolimbitsa thupi za PCB zimafunikira zinthu zopitilira muyeso, Frquency, Fr4 sizingakhale zabwino kwambiri. The seelectric nthawi zonse (DK) la Fr4 ndi 4.5, diectric nthawi zonse pa Rogers 4005, mndandanda wokhazikika ndi 3.55, komanso seelectric nthawi zonse mwa mndandanda wa mdera Rogers 4350 ndi 3.66.
"The Seectric nthawi zonse pamalidi amatchulanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kapena mphamvu pakati pa magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, roger 435
Panthawi yovuta, kuchuluka kwa zigawo za PCB ku zida zolimbitsa thupi kumachokera kuyambira 4 mpaka 8 zigawo. Mfundo ya kapangidwe ka yosanjikiza ndiyakuti ngati ilipo 8-wosanjikiza PCB, iyenera kuperekera malo okwanira ndi magetsi ndi sangweji yowuma. Mwanjira imeneyi, zotsatira za rustal mu crostalk zitha kusungidwa pang'ono ndi electromagnetic yosokoneza (EMI) ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mu gawo la madera ozungulira, dongosolo la masanjidwe nthawi zambiri limayika nthaka yayikulu pafupi ndi wogulitsa mphamvu. Izi zitha kupanga zotsatira zotsika kwambiri, ndipo phokoso la dongosolo limatha kuchepetsedwa pafupifupi zero. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pa wailesi yaziilesi.
Poyerekeza ndi zoopsa, Fr4 ili ndi vuto lalikulu (DF), makamaka makamaka. Kuti mugwire ma fr4 okwera kwambiri a lamer akhungu, mtengo wa DF ndi pafupifupi 0,002, womwe ndi dongosolo la kukula bwino kuposa Fr4 wamba. Komabe, phokoso la Rogers limangokhala 0,001 kapena zochepa. Pamene fr4 zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apamwamba, padzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakuyika. Kuyika kuyikapo kumafotokozedwa ngati kuchepa kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku point b pogwiritsa ntchito fr4, oyimba kapena zinthu zina.
pangani mavuto
PCB yolemerere imafuna kuwongolera kosalekeza. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha zida zolemetsa. Zofananira zosokoneza zimatha kupanga kufalitsa chizindikiro. M'mbuyomu, kuloledwa kokhazikika kuti zisazindikiro zonyamula zizindikiro zinali ± 10%. Chizindikiro ichi sichinthu chokwanira chokwanira masitepe apamwamba kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri. Chofunikira chaposachedwa ndi ± 7%, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale ± 5% kapena kuchepera. Nthazi iyi ndi zosintha zina zidzakhudza kwambiri PCB ya Weaight iyi ndi kusokonekera kwakukulu, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi omwe amatha kuwapanga.
Kuledzeretsa kosalekeza kwa sentite yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira zida za rogers nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa ku ± 2%, ndipo zinthu zina zimafikira ± 1%. Mosiyana ndi izi, kulolera kwa dielectric nthawi zonse kwa Fr4 Lamiete ndi kukwera kwa 10%. Chifukwa chake, yerekezerani izi ziwalo izi zitha kupezeka kuti kutayika kwa roger kwa Roger kumatsika kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi zida za ma fr4, zotayidwa ndi kutayika kwake ndikuyika kwa statider rogers muli theka lotsika.
Nthawi zambiri, mtengo ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, Roger imatha kupereka magwiritsidwe otsika kwambiri pamtengo wovomerezeka. Pazogwiritsa ntchito zamalonda, minda imatha kupangidwa ndi pcb ya hybrid yokhala ndi epoxy-yochokera ku Fr4, zigawo zina zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zigawo za Rogers, ndipo zigawo zina zimagwiritsa ntchito Fr4.
Posankha rogers stack, pafupipafupi ndiye gawo lalikulu. Nthawi zonse mukapitilira 500mhz, pcb opanga ma pcb amakonda kusankha zida zotsika, makamaka mabwalo a RF / microwave, chifukwa zinthuzi zimatha kupereka magwiridwe antchito omwe amayendetsedwa mosamalitsa.
Poyerekeza ndi fr4 zinthu, zopangira zinthu zitha kuperekera ndalama zochepa, ndipo dielect amakhala wokhazikika pamlingo wapa pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, zida za Roger zimatha kupereka magwiridwe antchito otsika omwe amafunikira pakugwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza.
Kuchulukitsa kwa matenthedwe owonjezera (CTE) a Rogers 4000 mndandanda wazinthu zabwino kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti poyerekeza ndi FR4, pomwe PCB imakumana ndi kuzizira, kutentha kotentha kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta otenthetsera komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa bolodi ya madera kumatha kusunthidwa pamatumba okhazikika pansi pa zozungulira zapamwamba.
Pankhani ya kusakaniza kosakanikirana, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamba kuti musasakanize zoopsa komanso gr4 yoyendetsa bwino limodzi, motero ndizosavuta kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri. The Rogers Stock sizimafuna njira yapadera yokonzekera kudzera pakukonzekera.
Fralr FR4 imatha kukwaniritsa magetsi odalirika, koma zida zapamwamba kwambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino zodalirika, monga mtengo wapamwamba, komabe ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zingapo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawu osavuta, kuchokera ku mawu osavuta a ma microwave ntchito.
Rf / microwive kasitomala
Tekinoloje yonyamula ndi Bluetooth yatulutsa njira ya RF / microwave ntchito mu zida zolemetsa. Mitundu yamasiku ano ikukhala yowonjezereka. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ma frequency (vhf) adafotokozedwa ngati 2GHz ~ 3ght. Koma tsopano titha kuwona pafupipafupi (UHF) kuyambira pa 10GZ ku 25ghz.
Chifukwa chake, kuti PCB yopatsirana, gawo la rf limafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka kwa zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa, ndipo zizindikiro ziyenera kulekanitsidwa kwakanthawi, ndipo zimapanga zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri ziyenera kusungidwa pansi. Malingaliro ena akuphatikizapo: kupereka fayilo ya kudutsa, mphamvu zokwanira, ndikupanga mzere woundana ndikubwerera kuti akhale wofanana.
Pulosi ya Blay ikhoza kupondereza zotsatira za phokoso ndi crostalk. Makina ocheperako amafunika kuyikidwa pafupi ndi zikhomo zonyamula magetsi.
Mizere yothamanga kwambiri ndi madera osayina amafunikira nthaka yosanjikiza kuti iyikidwa pakati pa zikwangwani zamphamvu kuti zisungunuke ndi zizindikiro zaphokoso. Pamayendedwe apamwamba signasi, ma Spopectus ang'onoang'ono adzapangitsa kufalikira kosatha komanso kulandiridwa ndi zizindikiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kusokoneza. Chifukwa chake, chidwi chapadera chikuyenera kulipidwa kwa vuto lofananira logwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha wailesi yaziilesi, chifukwa chizindikiro cha wailesi yaziilesi chimathamanga kwambiri komanso kulolerana kwambiri.
Mizere ya RF imafunikira kuponderezedwa komwe kumapangitsa kuti upereke chizindikiro cha RF kuchokera ku pcb. Mizere yofananira iyi ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa panja lakunja, wosanjikiza wapamwamba, ndi pansi wosanjikiza, kapena akhoza kupangidwa mu chapakati.
Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya PCB RF ndi mzere wa MicRyrip, mzere woyandama, Copnarar Weideide kapena pansi. Mzere wa micStrip uli ndi kutalika kwa chitsulo kapena kutsata ndi ndege yonse ya nthaka kapena gawo la ndege pansi mwachindunji. Kugonjera kwa mzere wa Microstript micrestpip kuyambira 50ω mpaka 75ω.
Mphete yoyandama ndi njira ina yoonera phokoso. Mzerewu umakhala ndi zowoneka bwino kwambiri pamtunda ndi ndege yayikulu pamwamba ndi pansi pa chochititsa chapakati. Ndege yapansi imayang'aniridwa pakati pa ndege yamagetsi, motero imatha kupereka mphamvu yabwino. Iyi ndiye njira yomwe mumakonda kwambiri poipitsa ya PCB ya PCB.
Copnar WOWoides ikhoza kupereka kudzipatula kwabwino pafupi ndi madera a RF ndi madera omwe akufunika kuti athetse kuyandikira. Sitimayi ili ndi chochititsa chapakati ndi ndege zoyambira mbali zonse ziwiri kapena pansipa. Njira yabwino kwambiri yogawira ma radio frequecy ndikuyimitsa mizere ya matrip kapena coplanades. Njira ziwirizi zimatha kupereka kudzipatula pakati pa zizindikiro ndi RF.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa "mpanda kudzera mbali zonse" mbali zonse ziwiri za kalankhulidwe. Njirayi imatha kupereka mzere wokhala ndi nthaka pachitsulo chilichonse cha chochititsa chapakati. Kutsata kwakukulu komwe kulina pakati ali ndi mipanda mbali zonse, motero ndikupereka njira yachidule yobwerera komwe kumachitika pansi. Njira iyi imatha kuchepetsa phokoso lolumikizana ndi zotsatira zapamwamba za chizindikiro cha rf. Idectric nthawi zonse ya 4.5 imakhalabe yofanana ndi ya Fr4 ya FREGEGS
M'madera ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndege, mitundu yakhungu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza magwiridwe antchito amphamvu yamphamvu ndikupereka njira yopunthwitsa kuchokera ku chipangizocho pansi. Njira yopunthwitsa mpaka pansi imatha kufupikitsa kutalika kwa kudzera pa kudzera pa kudzera. Izi zitha kukwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri: Sikuti amangopanga zisungunuke kapena nthaka, komanso imachepetsa mtunda wamagawo okhala ndi madera ochepa, omwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha rf.
