M'mapangidwe osinthira magetsi, ngati bolodi la PCB silinapangidwe bwino, limatulutsa kusokoneza kwamagetsi kwambiri. Mapangidwe a bolodi a PCB okhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika yamagetsi tsopano akufotokozera mwachidule njira zisanu ndi ziwirizi: kudzera mu kusanthula kwa zinthu zomwe zikufunika chisamaliro pagawo lililonse, mapangidwe a board a PCB atha kuchitidwa mosavuta ndi sitepe!

1. Njira yopangira kuchokera ku schema mpaka PCB

Khazikitsani magawo agawo -> mfundo zoyika netlist -> zoikamo zopangira -> masanjidwe apamanja -> wiring pamanja -> tsimikizirani mapangidwe -> kuwunikanso -> zotuluka za CAM.

2. Kuyika kwa Parameter

Mtunda pakati pa mawaya oyandikana nawo uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo chamagetsi, ndipo kuti athe kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kupanga, mtunda uyenera kukhala wotakata momwe ungathere. Kutalikirana kocheperako kuyenera kukhala koyenera voteji yolekerera. Pamene kachulukidwe ka mawaya ali otsika, mipata ya mizere yolumikizira imatha kukulitsidwa moyenera. Kwa mizere yolumikizira yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa milingo yokwera ndi yotsika, masinthidwe azikhala aafupi momwe angathere ndipo masitayilo awonjezeke. Nthawi zambiri, Khazikitsani malo otsetsereka kukhala akulu kuposa 1mm kuchokera m'mphepete mwa dzenje lamkati la pad mpaka m'mphepete mwa bolodi losindikizidwa, kuti mupewe zolakwika za pedi panthawi yokonza. Pamene zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapepala zimakhala zopyapyala, kugwirizana pakati pa mapepala ndi zizindikiro ziyenera kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a dontho. Ubwino wa izi ndikuti mapadi sali osavuta kusenda, koma zowunikira ndi mapadi sizimalumikizidwa mosavuta.

3. Kapangidwe kagawo

Zochita zatsimikizira kuti ngakhale dongosolo la dera lidapangidwa molondola ndipo bolodi losindikizidwa silinapangidwe bwino, lidzasokoneza kudalirika kwa zipangizo zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mizere iwiri yopyapyala yofananira ya bolodi yosindikizidwa ili pafupi, izi zipangitsa kuti mafunde achedwetsedwe komanso phokoso lowunikira kumapeto kwa chingwe chotumizira; kusokonezedwa chifukwa cha kulingalira molakwika kwa mphamvu ndi nthaka kumapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa avutike ndi madontho a Magwiridwe, choncho, popanga mapepala osindikizira osindikizira, tcheru chiyenera kuperekedwa ku njira yoyenera. Mphamvu iliyonse yosinthira ili ndi malupu anayi apano:

(1) AC dera losinthira mphamvu
(2) Zowongolera zotulutsa za AC

(3) Lupu lamakono la gwero la siginecha
4 The fyuluta capacitor makamaka amatumikira monga burodibandi mphamvu yosungirako; mofananamo, chotulutsa fyuluta capacitor amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusunga mkulu-pafupipafupi mphamvu kuchokera kutulutsa rectifier. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu ya DC ya gawo lotulutsa katundu imachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, ma terminals a zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa zosefera ndizofunika kwambiri. Zolowetsa ndi zotuluka pakali pano ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi magetsi kuchokera ku ma terminals a fyuluta capacitor motsatana; ngati kugwirizana pakati pa kulowetsa / kutulutsa kuzungulira ndi mphamvu yosinthira / rectifier loop sikungathe kulumikizidwa ndi capacitor The terminal imagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji, ndipo mphamvu ya AC idzalowetsedwa mu chilengedwe ndi cholowetsa kapena chotulutsa fyuluta capacitor. Chingwe cha AC chosinthira mphamvu ndi AC loop ya chowongolera chimakhala ndi mafunde amplitude trapezoidal. Mafundewa ali ndi zigawo zazikulu za harmonic ndipo ma frequency awo ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa ma frequency a switch. Kukula kwapamwamba kumatha kukhala kokwera nthawi 5 kuposa kuchuluka kwa DC komwe kumachokera. Nthawi yosinthira nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 50ns. Malupu awiriwa ndi omwe amakonda kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma, kotero malupu a AC awa ayenera kuyalidwa pamaso pa mizere ina yosindikizidwa mumagetsi. Zigawo zitatu zazikuluzikulu za lupu lililonse ndi zosefera ma capacitor, zosinthira mphamvu kapena zosinthira, ndi ma inductors. Kapena ma transformers ayenera kuikidwa pafupi ndi wina ndi mzake, ndipo magawo a zigawo ayenera kusinthidwa kuti njira yomwe ilipo pakati pawo ikhale yochepa momwe zingathere.
Njira yabwino yokhazikitsira masinthidwe amagetsi osinthira ndikufanana ndi kapangidwe kake kamagetsi. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira izi ndi iyi:

◆Ikani thiransifoma
◆ Kupanga mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu yaposachedwa
◆ Design linanena bungwe rectifier panopa loop
◆Dongosolo lowongolera lolumikizidwa ndi gawo lamagetsi la AC
◆ Kupanga zolowera pakali pano loop ndi fyuluta yolowera Kupanga zotulutsa zotulutsa ndi zosefera malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera, poyala zigawo zonse za dera, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:

(1) Choyamba, ganizirani kukula kwa PCB. Pamene kukula kwa PCB kuli kwakukulu, mizere yosindikizidwa idzakhala yaitali, kusokoneza kudzawonjezeka, mphamvu yotsutsa phokoso idzachepa, ndipo mtengo udzawonjezeka; ngati kukula kwa PCB kuli kochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwa kutentha sikungakhale bwino, ndipo mizere yoyandikana nayo idzasokonezeka mosavuta. Mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a board board ndi amakona anayi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi 3: 2 kapena 4: 3. Zigawo zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa bolodi la dera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosachepera pamphepete mwa gulu la dera

(2) Poyika chipangizocho, ganizirani za soldering zam'tsogolo, osati zowundana kwambiri;
(3) Tengani gawo lalikulu la gawo lililonse logwira ntchito ngati likulu ndikuyala mozungulira. Zigawozi ziyenera kukhala zofanana, zokonzedwa bwino komanso zokonzedwa bwino pa PCB, kuchepetsa ndi kufupikitsa kutsogolera ndi kugwirizana pakati pa zigawozo, ndi decoupling capacitor iyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chipangizocho.
(4) Kwa mabwalo omwe amagwira ntchito pamtunda wapamwamba, magawo omwe amagawidwa pakati pa zigawo ayenera kuganiziridwa. Kawirikawiri, dera liyenera kukonzedwa mofanana momwe zingathere. Mwa njira iyi, si zokongola zokha, komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa ndi kuwotcherera, komanso zosavuta kupanga misa.
(5) Konzani malo a gawo lililonse logwira ntchito molingana ndi kayendedwe ka dera, kuti masanjidwewo akhale osavuta kuti ziziyenda bwino, ndipo chizindikirocho chimasungidwa chimodzimodzi momwe mungathere.
(6) Mfundo yoyamba ya masanjidwewo ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mawaya, kulabadira kulumikizana kwa mawaya akuwuluka posuntha chipangizocho, ndikuyika zida zomwe zili ndi mgwirizano wolumikizana palimodzi.
(7) Chepetsani malo ozungulira momwe mungathere kuti mutseke kusokoneza kwa radiation yamagetsi osinthira.

4. magetsi osinthira ma wiring amakhala ndi ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri

Mzere uliwonse wosindikizidwa pa PCB ukhoza kukhala ngati mlongoti. Kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa mzere wosindikizidwa zidzakhudza impedance yake ndi inductance, motero zimakhudza kuyankha pafupipafupi. Ngakhale mizere yosindikizidwa yomwe imadutsa ma siginecha a DC imatha kulumikizana ndi ma frequency a wailesi kuchokera ku mizere yosindikizidwa yoyandikana ndikuyambitsa mavuto ozungulira (komanso kuyatsanso ma siginecha osokoneza). Choncho, mizere yonse yosindikizidwa yomwe imadutsa AC panopa iyenera kupangidwa kuti ikhale yaifupi komanso yayikulu momwe zingathere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zigawo zonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mizere yosindikizidwa ndi mizere ina yamagetsi iyenera kuikidwa pafupi kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mzere wosindikizidwa ndi wofanana ndi inductance ndi impedance, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi mosagwirizana ndi inductance ndi impedance ya mzere wosindikizidwa. Utali wake umasonyeza kutalika kwa yankho la mzere wosindikizidwa. Kutalika kwautali, kumachepetsanso mafupipafupi omwe mzere wosindikizidwa umatha kutumiza ndi kulandira mafunde a electromagnetic, ndipo umatha kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri zawayilesi. Malinga ndi kukula kwa gulu losindikizidwa dera panopa, yesetsani kuonjezera m'lifupi mwa mzere mphamvu kuchepetsa kuzungulira kukana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pangani mayendedwe a mzere wamagetsi ndi mzere wapansi kuti ukhale wogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika panopa, zomwe zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zotsutsana ndi phokoso. Kuyika pansi ndi nthambi yapansi ya malupu anayi apano a magetsi osinthira. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati malo odziwika bwino a dera. Ndi njira yofunika yoletsera kusokoneza. Choncho, kuyika kwa waya wapansi kuyenera kuganiziridwa mozama pamakonzedwe. Kusakaniza maziko osiyanasiyana kumayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa magetsi.

Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa pakupanga waya wapansi:

A. Sankhani moyenera mfundo imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, malekezero wamba a fyuluta capacitor ayenera kukhala malo okhawo olumikizirana ndi malo ena oyambira kuti agwirizane ndi AC ground yaposachedwa kwambiri. Malo oyambira a dera lofananalo ayenera kukhala oyandikira momwe angathere, ndipo cholumikizira magetsi chamagetsi chamgawo uwu chiyeneranso kulumikizidwa Ayenera kulumikizidwa ku malo oyambira a gawoli, makamaka poganizira kuti kubwerera kwapano pansi pagawo lililonse. gawo la dera limasinthidwa, ndipo kutsekedwa kwa mzere weniweni wothamanga kudzachititsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya pansi pa gawo lililonse la dera ndikuyambitsa kusokoneza. Mumagetsi osinthika awa, ma waya ake ndi inductance pakati pazida alibe mphamvu pang'ono, ndipo kuyendayenda komwe kumapangidwa ndi dera lokhazikika kumakhudza kwambiri kusokonezedwa, kotero kukhazikika kwa mfundo imodzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiko kuti, kusinthasintha kwamagetsi (mawaya apansi a zida zingapo zonse Zolumikizidwa ndi pini yoyambira, mawaya apansi a zigawo zingapo za loop yaposachedwa ya rectifier amalumikizidwanso ndi zikhomo zoyambira za ma capacitor ofananira, kuti magetsi azikhala okhazikika komanso osavuta. Kudzisangalatsa kokha pamene mfundo imodzi palibe, gawani pansi Lumikizani ma diode awiri kapena chopinga chaching'ono, kwenikweni, chikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chidutswa chokhazikika cha zojambulazo zamkuwa.

B. Mulikhwime waya wapansi mmene mungathere. Ngati waya wapansi ndi woonda kwambiri, mphamvu ya pansi idzasintha ndi kusintha kwamakono, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti chizindikiro cha nthawi ya zipangizo zamagetsi chisasunthike, ndipo ntchito yotsutsana ndi phokoso idzawonongeka. Choncho, onetsetsani kuti siteshoni iliyonse yaikulu yapansi pano Gwiritsani ntchito mizere yosindikizidwa kuti ikhale yaifupi komanso yotakata, ndikukulitsa kukula kwa mphamvu ndi mizere yapansi momwe mungathere. Ndibwino kuti mzere wapansi ndi waukulu kuposa mzere wamagetsi. Ubale wawo ndi: mzere wapansi> mzere wa mphamvu> mzere wa chizindikiro. Ngati n'kotheka, mzere wapansi M'lifupi mwake uyenera kukhala waukulu kuposa 3mm, ndipo gawo lalikulu la mkuwa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati waya wapansi. Lumikizani malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bolodi losindikizidwa ngati waya pansi. Mukamapanga ma waya padziko lonse lapansi, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyeneranso kutsatiridwa:

(1) Kuwongolera kwa waya: Kuchokera pakuwona kwa kuwotcherera pamwamba, makonzedwe a zigawozo ayenera kukhala ogwirizana monga momwe angathere ndi chithunzi chojambula. Mayendedwe a mawaya ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi momwe mawaya amayendera pazithunzi za dera, chifukwa magawo osiyanasiyana amafunikira pa kuwotcherera pamwamba pakupanga. Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta kuyang'anira, kukonza zolakwika ndi kukonza pakupanga (Zindikirani: Zimatanthawuza cholinga chokumana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi zofunikira pakuyika makina onse ndi masanjidwe amagulu).

(2) Popanga chithunzi chojambula, mawaya sayenera kupindika momwe angathere, mzere wa mzere pa arc yosindikizidwa sayenera kusinthidwa mwadzidzidzi, ngodya ya waya iyenera kukhala ≥90 madigiri, ndipo mizere ikhale yosavuta komanso zomveka.

(3) Zozungulira zodutsa siziloledwa mumayendedwe osindikizidwa. Pa mizere yomwe ingadutse, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "kubowola" ndi "kupiringa" kuti muwathetse. Ndiko kuti, lolani chotsogolera "kubowola" kudutsa mpata pansi pa zopinga zina, ma capacitor, ndi ma triode pins, kapena "mphepo" kuchokera kumalekezero amodzi a lead omwe angadutse. Muzochitika zapadera, momwe dera limakhalira lovuta, limaloledwanso kuti likhale losavuta kupanga. Gwiritsani ntchito mawaya kuti mutseke kuti muthetse vuto lozungulira. Chifukwa chakuti bolodi lokhala ndi mbali imodzi limavomerezedwa, zigawo za mumzere zimakhala pamwamba pamtunda ndipo zipangizo zopangira pamwamba zimakhala pansi. Chifukwa chake, zida zapamzere zimatha kuphatikizika ndi zida zokwera pamwamba pamasanjidwe, koma kuphatikizana kwa mapadi kuyenera kupewedwa.

C. Malo olowera ndi malo otulutsa magetsi osinthira awa ndi DC-DC yocheperako. Ngati mukufuna kuyankha voteji linanena bungwe kubwerera pulayimale cha thiransifoma, madera mbali zonse ayenera kukhala wamba Buku pansi, kotero pambuyo atayala mkuwa pansi mawaya mbali zonse ziwiri, Iwo ayenera olumikizidwa pamodzi kuti apange maziko ofanana. .

5. Chongani

Pambuyo pomaliza kupanga ma waya, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mosamala ngati mawonekedwe a wiring akugwirizana ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira ngati malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa amakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga bolodi losindikizidwa. ndondomeko. Nthawi zambiri yang'anani mzere ndi mzere, mzere ndi chigawo chapakati, mzere Kaya mtunda kuchokera kumabowo, mapepala a zigawo ndi mabowo, kupyolera mu mabowo ndi mabowo ndi oyenera, komanso ngati akukwaniritsa zofunikira zopanga. Kaya m'lifupi mwa chingwe chamagetsi ndi mzere wapansi ndi woyenerera, komanso ngati pali malo owonjezera mzere wapansi mu PCB. Chidziwitso: Zolakwa zina zitha kunyalanyazidwa. Mwachitsanzo, gawo la ndondomeko ya zolumikizira zina zimayikidwa kunja kwa bolodi, ndipo zolakwika zidzachitika poyang'ana malo; kuonjezera apo, nthawi iliyonse mawaya ndi ma vias asinthidwa, mkuwa uyenera kuikidwanso.

6. Yang'ananinso molingana ndi "Mndandanda wa PCB"

Zomwe zilimo zikuphatikiza malamulo opangira, matanthauzidwe osanjikiza, kutalika kwa mizere, masitayilo, mapepala, ndi zoikamo. Ndikofunikiranso kuwunikanso kumveka kwa kapangidwe ka chipangizocho, kuyanika kwamagetsi ndi maukonde apansi, mawaya ndi kutchingira ma netiweki othamanga kwambiri, ndikudutsitsa Kuyika ndi kulumikizana kwa ma capacitor, ndi zina zambiri.

7. zinthu zofunika chidwi pakupanga ndi outputting owona Gerber

a. Zigawo zomwe zimayenera kutulutsa zikuphatikiza ndi waya wosanjikiza (wosanjikiza pansi), nsalu yotchinga ya silika (kuphatikiza chophimba chapamwamba cha silika, chophimba chapansi cha silika), chigoba cha solder (chigoba cham'munsi cha solder), wosanjikiza pobowola (wosanjikiza pansi), ndi fayilo yobowola (NCDrill )
b. Mukakhazikitsa mawonekedwe a Silk screen, osasankha PartType, sankhani wosanjikiza pamwamba (pansi) ndi Outline, Text, Linec ya silika screen layer. Mukakhazikitsa Gulu la gawo lililonse, sankhani Board Outline. Mukakhazikitsa chophimba cha silika, musasankhe PartType, sankhani Outline, Text, Line.d ya pamwamba (pansi) ndi nsalu ya silika. Mukamapanga mafayilo obowola, gwiritsani ntchito zoikamo za PowerPCB ndipo musasinthe chilichonse.