Polankhula za matabwa ozungulira osindikizidwa, ma novices nthawi zambiri amasokoneza "PCB schematics" ndi "mafayilo a mapangidwe a PCB", koma kwenikweni amatchula zinthu zosiyanasiyana.Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pawo ndi chinsinsi chopanga bwino ma PCB, kotero kuti tilole oyamba kumene kuchita izi bwino, nkhaniyi idzaphwanya kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa PCB schematics ndi mapangidwe a PCB.

PCB ndi chiyani
Musanayambe kusiyana pakati pa schematic ndi mapangidwe, zomwe ziyenera kumveka kuti PCB ndi chiyani?

Kwenikweni, pali matabwa osindikizira mkati mwa zipangizo zamagetsi, zomwe zimatchedwanso mapepala osindikizira.Gulu lozungulira lobiriwirali lopangidwa ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali limagwirizanitsa zigawo zonse zamagetsi za chipangizochi ndikupangitsa kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino.Popanda PCB, zida zamagetsi sizigwira ntchito.

PCB schematic ndi PCB mapangidwe
Chiwembu cha PCB ndi mawonekedwe osavuta amitundu iwiri omwe amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi kulumikizana pakati pazigawo zosiyanasiyana.Mapangidwe a PCB ndi mawonekedwe a mbali zitatu, ndipo malo a zigawozo amalembedwa pambuyo potsimikiziridwa kuti dera likugwira ntchito bwino.

Chifukwa chake, PCB schematic ndi gawo loyamba la kupanga bolodi losindikizidwa.Ichi ndi choyimira chojambula chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zovomerezeka kufotokoza kugwirizanitsa dera, kaya molembedwa kapena mu data.Zimalimbikitsanso zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe zimagwirizanirana.

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, PCB schematic ndi dongosolo ndi ndondomeko.Sizikusonyeza kumene zigawozo zidzayikidwa mwachindunji.M'malo mwake, dongosololi limafotokoza momwe PCB idzakwaniritsire kulumikizana ndikupanga gawo lofunikira pakukonza.

Pambuyo pomaliza kumaliza, sitepe yotsatira ndi mapangidwe a PCB.Mapangidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe a PCB schematic, kuphatikiza masanjidwe a mayendedwe amkuwa ndi mabowo.Mapangidwe a PCB akuwonetsa malo omwe tatchulawa komanso kulumikizana kwawo ndi mkuwa.

Mapangidwe a PCB ndi gawo lokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito.Akatswiri amamanga zigawo zenizeni pamaziko a mapangidwe a PCB kuti athe kuyesa ngati zida zikuyenda bwino.Monga tanenera kale, aliyense ayenera kumvetsa PCB schematic, koma sikophweka kumvetsa ntchito yake poyang'ana chitsanzo.

Mukamaliza magawo awiriwa, ndipo mwakhutitsidwa ndi machitidwe a PCB, muyenera kuyigwiritsa ntchito kudzera mwa wopanga.

Zithunzi za PCB
Titamvetsetsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi, tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zinthu za PCB schematic.Monga tanena, kulumikizana konse kumawoneka, koma pali zochenjeza zina zofunika kuzikumbukira:

Kuti athe kuwona zolumikizana momveka bwino, sizinalengedwe kuti zitheke;mu mapangidwe PCB, iwo akhoza kukhala pafupi kwambiri wina ndi mzake
Malumikizidwe ena amatha kuwoloka, zomwe sizingatheke
Maulalo ena akhoza kukhala mbali ina ya masanjidwewo, ndi chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti alumikizidwa
"Pulogalamu" ya PCB iyi imatha kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba limodzi, masamba awiri kapena masamba ochepa kuti afotokoze zonse zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pamapangidwewo.

Chomaliza chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndikuti ma schematics ovuta kwambiri amatha kugawidwa ndi ntchito kuti azitha kuwerenga bwino.Kukonzekera kugwirizana motere sikudzachitika mu gawo lotsatira, ndipo schematics nthawi zambiri sagwirizana ndi mapangidwe omaliza a chitsanzo cha 3D.

Zithunzi za PCB
Yakwana nthawi yoti mufufuze mozama za mafayilo apangidwe a PCB.Mwanjira iyi, titha kusintha kuchokera ku zolemba zolembedwa kupita ku mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi laminate kapena zida za ceramic.Pakafunika malo ocheperako, mapulogalamu ena ovuta amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCB osinthika.

Zomwe zili mu fayilo ya mapangidwe a PCB zimatsatira ndondomeko yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi kayendedwe kake, koma, monga tafotokozera kale, awiriwa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe.Takambirana za ma PCB, koma ndi kusiyana kotani komwe kungawonedwe pamafayilo apangidwe?

Tikamalankhula za mafayilo apangidwe a PCB, tikukamba za chitsanzo cha 3D, chomwe chimaphatikizapo bolodi losindikizidwa ndi mapangidwe apangidwe.Zitha kukhala zosanjikiza imodzi kapena zingapo, ngakhale zigawo ziwiri ndizofala kwambiri.Titha kuwona kusiyana pakati pa PCB schematics ndi mafayilo a PCB:

Zigawo zonse ndi zazikulu komanso zoyikidwa bwino
Ngati mfundo ziwiri siziyenera kulumikizidwa, ziyenera kuzungulira kapena kusinthana ndi wosanjikiza wina wa PCB kupewa kuwoloka pamzere womwewo.

Kuphatikiza apo, monga tafotokozera mwachidule, kapangidwe ka PCB kamapereka chidwi kwambiri pakuchita kwenikweni, chifukwa ichi ndi gawo lotsimikizira la chinthu chomaliza.Pakadali pano, kuthekera kwa kapangidwe kake kuyenera kugwira ntchito, ndipo zofunikira za thupi la bolodi losindikizidwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Zina mwa izo ndi:

Kodi kusiyana kwa zigawozo kumalola bwanji kutentha kokwanira
Zolumikizira m'mphepete
Pankhani yamasiku ano komanso kutentha, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ayenera kukhala okhuthala

Chifukwa zofooka zakuthupi ndi zofunikira zimatanthawuza kuti mafayilo amapangidwe a PCB nthawi zambiri amawoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a schematic, mafayilo apangidwe amaphatikizapo silika chophimba wosanjikiza.Chophimba cha silika chimasonyeza zilembo, manambala ndi zizindikiro zothandizira akatswiri kusonkhanitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi.

Zimafunika kugwira ntchito monga momwe zinakonzedwera pambuyo poti zigawo zonse zasonkhanitsidwa pa bolodi losindikizidwa.Ngati sichoncho, muyenera kujambulanso.