Mapulani osindikizira (PCBs) amapanga maziko omwe amathandizira ndi kulumikiza zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamkuwa zamkuwa ndi mapepala omwe amamangiriridwa ku gawo lapansi lopanda conductive. Ma PCB ndi ofunikira pa chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuzindikira ngakhale zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zikhale zophatikizika komanso zopangika. Popanda ukadaulo wa PCB, makampani opanga zamagetsi sakanakhalapo monga tikudziwira lero.

Njira yopangira PCB imasintha zinthu zopangira monga nsalu za fiberglass ndi zojambula zamkuwa kukhala matabwa opangidwa bwino. Zimaphatikizapo masitepe opitilira khumi ndi asanu kutengera makina apamwamba kwambiri komanso machitidwe okhwima. Kuyenda kwadongosolo kumayambira ndikujambula kwachipangizo ndi masanjidwe a kulumikizana kwa dera pa pulogalamu yamagetsi yamagetsi (EDA). Masks ojambula amatanthauzira malo omwe amawonetsa ma laminates a mkuwa pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula zithunzi. Etching imachotsa mkuwa wosawoneka kuti usiye njira zodziwikiratu komanso zolumikizirana.

Mipikisano wosanjikiza matabwa masangweji pamodzi zolimba mkuwa atavala laminate ndi prepreg chomangira mapepala, kusakaniza zizindikiro pa lamination pansi pa kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutentha. Makina obowola anali ndi mabowo masauzande ang'onoang'ono olumikizana pakati pa zigawo, zomwe zimakutidwa ndi mkuwa kuti amalize zomangamanga za 3D. Kubowola kwachiwiri, plating, ndi njira zinanso kusintha matabwa mpaka kukonzekera zokutira zokongoletsa silkscreen. Kuwunika ndi kuyesa kwamagetsi kumatsimikizira motsutsana ndi malamulo apangidwe ndi mafotokozedwe asanafike makasitomala.

Akatswiri amayendetsa zatsopano za PCB zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azikhala olimba, othamanga, komanso odalirika. High density interconnect (HDI) ndi matekinoloje amtundu uliwonse tsopano akuphatikiza magawo opitilira 20 kuti ayendetse ma processor ovuta a digito ndi ma radio frequency (RF). Ma board olimba amaphatikiza zinthu zolimba komanso zosinthika kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za mawonekedwe. Ceramic and insulation metal backing (IMB) magawo amathandizira ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri mpaka ma millimeter-wave RF. Makampaniwa amatengeranso njira zokomera chilengedwe komanso zida zokhazikika.

Zogulitsa zapadziko lonse lapansi za PCB zimaposa $75 biliyoni kwa opanga 2,000, atakula pa 3.5% CAGR m'mbiri. Kugawikana kwa msika kumakhalabe kwakukulu ngakhale kuphatikizika kumapita pang'onopang'ono. China ikuyimira malo opangira zinthu zambiri omwe ali ndi magawo opitilira 55% pomwe Japan, Korea ndi Taiwan zimatsatira 25% pamodzi. Kumpoto kwa America kumapanga zosakwana 5% za zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mawonekedwe amakampani akusintha kupita ku mwayi waku Asia pakukula, mtengo, komanso kuyandikira kwa maunyolo akuluakulu amagetsi. Komabe, mayiko amakhalabe ndi mphamvu za PCB zakumaloko zomwe zimathandizira chitetezo komanso chidziwitso cha katundu.

Pamene zatsopano zamakina ogula zikukula, ntchito zomwe zikubwera mumayendedwe olumikizirana, kuyika magetsi pamayendedwe, ma automation, mlengalenga, ndi machitidwe azachipatala amathandizira kukula kwamakampani a PCB kwakanthawi. Kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo waukadaulo kumathandizanso kuchulukitsitsa kwamagetsi m'mafakitale ndi malonda. Ma PCB apitilizabe kutumikira gulu lathu la digito komanso lanzeru pazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi.