1. Njira yowonjezera

Chosanjikiza chamkuwa chamankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwachindunji kwa mizere ya conductor m'deralo pamtunda wosagwiritsa ntchito conductor mothandizidwa ndi inhibitor yowonjezera.

Njira zowonjezera mu bolodi la dera zimatha kugawidwa muzowonjezera zonse, kuwonjezera theka ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono ndi njira zina zosiyana.

2. Backpanels, Backplanes

Ndi bolodi yokhuthala (monga 0.093″,0.125″) yozungulira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kumapula ndi kulumikiza matabwa ena. Izi zimachitika poyika cholumikizira cha mapini angapo mu dzenje lolimba, koma osati ndi soldering, ndiyeno waya wina ndi mnzake mu waya womwe Cholumikizira chimadutsa pa bolodi. Cholumikizira chikhoza kuyikidwa padera mu gulu lonse ladera. Chifukwa ichi ndi bolodi wapadera, ake 'kudzera dzenje sangathe solder, koma dzenje khoma ndi kutsogolera waya mwachindunji khadi zolimba ntchito, kotero khalidwe lake ndi kabowo zofunika makamaka okhwima, dongosolo lake kuchuluka si zambiri, ambiri dera bolodi fakitale. sichili chololera komanso chosavuta kuvomereza dongosolo lotere, koma lakhala pafupifupi kalasi yapamwamba yamakampani apadera ku United States.

3. BuildUp ndondomeko

Uwu ndi gawo latsopano lopangira ma multilayer woonda, kuunikira koyambirira kumachokera ku njira ya IBM SLC, pakuyesa kwake kwa mbewu yaku Japan Yasu kudayamba mu 1989, njirayo idakhazikitsidwa ndi gulu lapawiri, popeza mbali ziwiri zakunja zidayamba kumveka bwino. monga Probmer52 pamaso ❖ kuyanika madzi photosensitive, pambuyo theka kuumitsa ndi tcheru njira ngati kupanga migodi ndi wosaya wosanjikiza wosaya mawonekedwe "lingaliro la dzenje kuwala" (Photo - Via), ndiyeno kuti mankhwala mabuku kuonjezera kondakitala zamkuwa ndi mkuwa plating. wosanjikiza, ndipo pambuyo kujambula mzere ndi etching, akhoza kutenga waya watsopano ndi cholumikizira chapansi kukwiriridwa dzenje kapena dzenje akhungu. Kusanjikiza mobwerezabwereza kudzapereka chiwerengero chofunikira cha zigawo. Njirayi siyingangopeŵa mtengo wodula pobowola makina, komanso kuchepetsa dzenje m'mimba mwake mpaka zosakwana 10mil. Pazaka 5 ~ 6 zapitazi, mitundu yonse ya kuswa wosanjikiza chikhalidwe kutengera ukadaulo wotsatizana multilayer, mu makampani European pansi kukankhira, kupanga ndondomeko BuildUp, zinthu zomwe zilipo zalembedwa kuposa mitundu 10. Kupatula "photosensitive pores"; Pambuyo pochotsa chivundikiro chamkuwa chokhala ndi mabowo, njira zosiyanasiyana "zopanga mabowo" monga alkaline chemical Etching, Laser Ablation, ndi Plasma Etching zimatengera mbale za organic. Kuphatikiza apo, chojambula chatsopano cha Resin Coated Copper (Resin Coated Copper Foil) chokutidwa ndi utomoni wolimba pang'ono atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga mbale yocheperako, yaying'ono komanso yopyapyala yokhala ndi Sequential Lamination. M'tsogolomu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi yamagetsi idzakhala mtundu uwu wapadziko lonse lapansi woonda komanso waufupi.

4. Cermet

Ceramic ufa ndi zitsulo ufa zimasakanizidwa, ndipo zomatira zimawonjezeredwa ngati zokutira, zomwe zimatha kusindikizidwa pamwamba pa bolodi (kapena wosanjikiza wamkati) ndi filimu wandiweyani kapena filimu yopyapyala, ngati kuyika kwa "resistor", m'malo mwa chopinga chakunja panthawi ya msonkhano.

5. Kuwomberana

Ndi ndondomeko ya porcelain Hybrid circuit board. Mizere yozungulira ya Thick Film Paste yazitsulo zamtengo wapatali zosiyanasiyana zosindikizidwa pamwamba pa bolodi yaying'ono zimawotchedwa kutentha kwambiri. Zonyamulira zosiyanasiyana za organic mu phala lokhuthala la filimu zimawotchedwa, kusiya mizere ya kondakitala yamtengo wapatali kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mawaya olumikizirana.

6. Crossover

Kuwoloka katatu kwa mawaya awiri pamwamba pa bolodi ndi kudzazidwa kwa insulating sing'anga pakati pa madontho kumatchedwa. Nthawi zambiri, penti imodzi yobiriwira yobiriwira kuphatikiza jumper ya filimu ya kaboni, kapena njira yosanjikiza pamwamba ndi pansi pa mawaya ndi "Crossover".

7. Discreate-Wiring Board

Mawu ena oti Mipikisano mawiri a bolodi , amapangidwa ndi waya wozungulira enameled omwe amamangiriridwa pa bolodi ndi perforated ndi mabowo. Kuchita kwa mtundu uwu wa bolodi la multiplex mumzere wotumizira pafupipafupi ndikwabwino kuposa mzere wa lathyathyathya wokhazikika ndi PCB wamba.

8. Njira ya DYCO

Ndi kampani yaku Switzerland Dyconex idapanga Buildup of the Process ku Zurich. Ndi patented njira kuchotsa zojambulazo mkuwa pa malo a mabowo pa mbale pamwamba choyamba, ndiye kuziyika mu chatsekedwa zingalowe chilengedwe, ndiyeno mudzaze ndi CF4, N2, O2 kuti ionize pa voteji mkulu kupanga kwambiri yogwira Plasma. , yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwononga maziko a malo otsekemera ndikupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono (pansi pa 10mil). Njira yamalonda imatchedwa DYCOstrate.

9. Electro-Deposited Photoresist

Photoresistance yamagetsi, electrophoretic photoresistance ndi njira yatsopano yomangira "photosensitive resistance", yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zinthu zovuta zachitsulo "penti yamagetsi", yomwe yangoyambitsidwa ku ntchito ya "photoresistance". Pogwiritsa ntchito electroplating, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala timatulutsa timapepala ta photosensitive charged timakutidwa pamodzi pamkuwa pa bolodi lozungulira ngati choletsa kuti zisagwe. Pakalipano, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misa mu ndondomeko ya mkuwa mwachindunji etching wa mkati laminate. Mtundu uwu wa ED photoresist ukhoza kuikidwa mu anode kapena cathode motsatira njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimatchedwa "anode photoresist" ndi "cathode photoresist". Malinga ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana photosensitive, pali “photosensitive polymerization ” (Negative Ntchito) ndi ” photosensitive kuwonongeka ” (Positive Ntchito) ndi mitundu iwiri. Pakalipano, mtundu woipa wa ED photoresistance wagulitsidwa, koma ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira planar resistance. Chifukwa cha zovuta za photosensitive m'dzenje, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito posamutsa chithunzi cha mbale yakunja. Koma "ED zabwino", zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati photoresist wothandizira kwa mbale yakunja (chifukwa cha photosensitive nembanemba, kusowa kwa photosensitive kwenikweni pa khoma la dzenje sikukhudzidwa), makampani aku Japan akupitirizabe kuyesetsa kuti athetse vutoli. kugulitsa ntchito zopanga zambiri, kuti kupanga mizere yopyapyala kutheke mosavuta. Mawuwa amatchedwanso Electrothoretic Photoresist.

10. Flush Conductor

Ndi bolodi lapadera lomwe limakhala lathyathyathya m'mawonekedwe ndipo limakanikiza mizere yonse ya kondakitala mu mbale. Kachitidwe ka gulu lake limodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira zithunzi kuti akhazikitse gawo lazojambula zamkuwa zapa bolodi pa bolodi lolimba lomwe ndi lolimba. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi njira yothamanga kwambiri idzakhala mzere wa bolodi mu mbale yolimba, nthawi yomweyo kumaliza ntchito yowumitsa utomoni, mu mzere pamwamba ndi bolodi lonse lathyathyathya. Nthawi zambiri, wosanjikiza wamkuwa wopyapyala amazikika pamtunda wobwereranso kuti 0.3mil nickel wosanjikiza, 20-inch rhodium wosanjikiza, kapena 10-inchi golide wosanjikiza kuti apereke kukana kutsika komanso kutsetsereka kosavuta pakulumikizana. . Komabe, njirayi siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa PTH, pofuna kuteteza dzenje kuti lisaphulike mukakanikiza. Sikophweka kukwaniritsa pamwamba pa bolodi, ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu, ngati utomoni ukukula ndikukankhira mzere kuchokera pamwamba. Imadziwikanso kuti Etchand-Push, Board yomalizidwa imatchedwa Flush-Bonded Board ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapadera monga Rotary Switch ndi Wiping Contacts.

11. Mwamsanga

Mu Poly Thick Film (PTF) yosindikiza phala, kuwonjezera pa mankhwala amtengo wapatali achitsulo, ufa wagalasi umafunikabe kuwonjezeredwa kuti uzitha kusewera ndi condensation ndi kumamatira mu kusungunuka kwa kutentha kwambiri, kuti phala losindikizira liwoneke. gawo lapansi lopanda kanthu la ceramic limatha kupanga dongosolo lolimba lachitsulo chamtengo wapatali.

12. Njira Yowonjezera-yowonjezera

Ndi pa pepala pamwamba kutchinjiriza wathunthu, popanda electrodeposition wa njira zitsulo (ambiri ndi mankhwala mkuwa), kukula kwa kusankha dera mchitidwe, mawu ena kuti si olondola ndithu ndi "Mokwanira Electroless".

13. Mzere Wophatikiza Wophatikiza

Ndi yaing'ono zadothi woonda gawo lapansi, mu njira yosindikiza ntchito wolemekezeka zitsulo conductive inki mzere, ndiyeno ndi mkulu kutentha inki organic kanthu anawotchedwa, kusiya mzere wochititsa pamwamba, ndipo akhoza kuchita pamwamba kugwirizana mbali za kuwotcherera. Ndi mtundu wa chonyamulira dera la ukadaulo wafilimu wandiweyani pakati pa bolodi losindikizidwa ndi semiconductor Integrated circuit device. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu pamagulu ankhondo kapena othamanga kwambiri, Hybrid yakula pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwake, kuchepa kwa mphamvu zankhondo, komanso kuvutikira pakupanga makina, komanso kuchulukitsitsa kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kusinthika kwama board ozungulira.

14. Wofotokozera

Interposer imatanthawuza zigawo ziwiri zilizonse za ma conductor omwe amanyamulidwa ndi gulu lotsekereza lomwe limayendetsa powonjezera zodzaza zina pamalo oyenera kukhala conductive. Mwachitsanzo, mu dzenje lopanda kanthu la mbale ya multilayer, zida monga kudzaza phala la siliva kapena phala lamkuwa kuti zilowe m'malo mwa khoma la phula la orthodox, kapena zinthu monga vertical unidirectional conductive rubber layer, zonse ndizophatikiza zamtunduwu.

15. Laser Direct Imaging (LDI)

Ndi kukanikiza mbale Ufumuyo filimu youma, osagwiritsanso ntchito kukhudzana zoipa kwa kutengerapo fano, koma m'malo kompyuta lamulo laser mtengo, molunjika pa youma filimu mofulumira kupanga sikani zithunzi photosensitive kulingalira. Khoma lakumbali la filimu yowuma pambuyo pa kujambula limakhala loyima kwambiri chifukwa kuwala komwe kumatulutsa kumafanana ndi mtengo umodzi wokhazikika wa mphamvu. Komabe, njirayi imatha kugwira ntchito pa bolodi lililonse payekhapayekha, kotero kuti liwiro lopanga misa limathamanga kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito filimu ndi kuwonekera kwachikhalidwe. LDI imatha kupanga matabwa 30 apakati pa ola limodzi, kotero imatha kuwoneka nthawi ndi nthawi m'gulu la zotsimikizira mapepala kapena mtengo wapamwamba wa unit. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kobadwa nako, ndizovuta kulimbikitsa mumakampani

16.Laser Maching

M'makampani amagetsi, pali ma processing ambiri enieni, monga kudula, kubowola, kuwotcherera, etc., angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pochita mphamvu ya kuwala kwa laser, yotchedwa laser processing njira. LASER imatanthawuza chidule cha "Light Amplification Stimulated Emission of Radiation", yomwe imatanthauzidwa kuti "LASER" ndi makampani akumtunda chifukwa chomasulira kwaulere, mpaka pano. Laser idapangidwa mu 1959 ndi wasayansi waku America th moser, yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kamodzi kuti apange kuwala kwa Laser pamarubi. Zaka zofufuza zapanga njira yatsopano yopangira. Kupatula makampani opanga zamagetsi, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magulu azachipatala ndi ankhondo

17. Bungwe la Micro Wire

Gulu lapadera loyang'anira dera lomwe limalumikizana ndi PTH interlayer limadziwika kuti MultiwireBoard. Pamene kachulukidwe ka mawaya ndi okwera kwambiri (160 ~ 250in/in2), koma mawaya awiriwa ndi ochepa kwambiri (osakwana 25mil), amadziwikanso kuti bolodi losindikizidwa lokhala ndi micro-sealed.

18. Mzere Wopangidwa

Ikugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu yokhala ndi mbali zitatu, kupanga jekeseni kapena njira yosinthira kuti amalize ntchito ya board ya stereo, yotchedwa Molded circuit or Molded system connection circuit.

19 . Muliwiring Board (Discrete Wiring Board)
Imagwiritsira ntchito waya woonda kwambiri wa enameled, molunjika pamwamba popanda mbale yamkuwa ya mawaya atatu-dimensional cross-wiring, ndiyeno pokutira osasunthika ndikubowola ndi plating dzenje, bolodi yolumikizana ndi ma multilayer interconnect circuit board, yotchedwa "multi-wire board". ”. Izi zimapangidwa ndi PCK, kampani yaku America, ndipo imapangidwabe ndi Hitachi ndi kampani yaku Japan. MWB iyi imatha kusunga nthawi pamapangidwe ndipo ndi yoyenera pamakina ochepa okhala ndi mabwalo ovuta.

20. Noble Metal Paste

Ndi phala conductive kwa wandiweyani filimu dera kusindikiza. Ikasindikizidwa pagawo la ceramic ndi kusindikiza pazenera, ndiyeno chonyamulira cha organic chiwotchedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu, dera lokhazikika lachitsulo limawonekera. The conductive zitsulo ufa anawonjezera phala ayenera kukhala zitsulo wolemekezeka kupewa mapangidwe oxides pa kutentha. Ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu ali ndi golide, platinamu, rhodium, palladium kapena zitsulo zina zamtengo wapatali.

21. Pads Only Board

M'masiku oyambirira a zida zogwiritsira ntchito-bowo, matabwa ena odalirika kwambiri odalirika amangosiya bowo ndi mphete yowotcherera kunja kwa mbale ndikubisa mizere yolumikizira pamunsi wamkati kuti atsimikizire kugulitsidwa luso ndi chitetezo cha mzere. Mtundu uwu wa zigawo ziwiri zowonjezera za bolodi sizidzasindikizidwa kuwotcherera utoto wobiriwira, mu maonekedwe a chidwi chapadera, kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe ndizovuta kwambiri.

Pakali pano chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawaya amagetsi, zinthu zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi (monga foni yam'manja), gulu loyang'anira dera likungosiya SMT soldering pad kapena mizere yochepa, komanso kulumikizana kwa mizere wandiweyani mu gawo lamkati, cholumikizira chimakhala chovuta. mpaka migodi kutalika ndi wosweka akhungu dzenje kapena bowo akhungu "chivundikiro" (Pads-Pabowo), monga cholumikizira kuti kuchepetsa dzenje docking ndi voteji lalikulu mkuwa kuwonongeka pamwamba, mbale SMT nawonso ndi Pads Only Board.

22. Kanema wa Polymer Thick (PTF)

Ndizitsulo zamtengo wapatali zosindikizira zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabwalo, kapena phala losindikizira lomwe limapanga filimu yotsutsa yosindikizidwa, pa gawo lapansi la ceramic, losindikizidwa pazenera ndi kutentha kwapamwamba. Pamene chonyamulira cha organic chiwotchedwa, dongosolo la mabwalo omangika bwino limapangidwa. Ma mbale oterowo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma hybrid circuits.

23. Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera

Ndi kuloza pa zinthu m'munsi mwa kutchinjiriza, kukulitsa dera limene likufunika choyamba mwachindunji ndi mankhwala mkuwa, kusintha kachiwiri electroplate mkuwa njira kupitiriza thicken lotsatira, kuitana "Semi-Additive" ndondomeko.

Ngati njira ya mankhwala yamkuwa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa makulidwe onse a mzere, ndondomekoyi imatchedwa "total addition". Dziwani kuti tanthauzo lapamwambali likuchokera ku * specification ipc-t-50e yomwe idasindikizidwa mu July 1992, yomwe ili yosiyana ndi ipc-t-50d yoyambirira (November 1988). "D version" yoyambirira, monga momwe imatchulidwira m'makampani, imatanthawuza gawo laling'ono lopanda kanthu, lopanda phokoso, kapena lopanda mkuwa (monga 1/4oz kapena 1/8oz). Kusamutsa zithunzi za wothandizila kukana kumakonzedwa ndipo dera lofunikira limakulitsidwa ndi mankhwala amkuwa kapena plating yamkuwa. 50E yatsopano sichitchula mawu oti "mkuwa woonda". Kusiyana pakati pa ziganizo ziwirizi ndikwambiri, ndipo malingaliro a owerenga akuwoneka kuti adasintha ndi The Times.

24.Substractive Njira

Ndilo gawo lapansi la chojambula chopanda pake chamkuwa, njira yoyendetsera dera yomwe imadziwika kuti "njira yochepetsera", ndiye gawo lalikulu la bolodi ladera kwa zaka zambiri. Izi zikusiyana ndi njira ya "kuwonjezera" yowonjezera mizere ya conductor yamkuwa mwachindunji ku gawo lapansi lopanda mkuwa.

25. Thick Film Circuit

PTF (Polymer Thick Film Paste), yomwe ili ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, imasindikizidwa pa gawo lapansi la ceramic (monga aluminium trioxide) ndiyeno imawotchedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti ipange dongosolo lozungulira ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, zomwe zimatchedwa "thick film circuit". Ndi mtundu waung'ono wa Hybrid Circuit. Silver Paste Jumper pa PCBS ya mbali imodzi imakhalanso yosindikizira-filimu koma siyenera kuthamangitsidwa kutentha kwambiri. Mizere yosindikizidwa pamtunda wa magawo osiyanasiyana amatchedwa mizere ya "filimu yokhuthala" pokhapokha pamene makulidwe ake ndi oposa 0.1mm [4mil], ndipo teknoloji yopanga "circuit system" yotereyi imatchedwa "teknoloji ya filimu yochuluka".

26. Thin Film Technology
Ndi kondakitala ndi interconnecting dera Ufumuyo gawo lapansi, kumene makulidwe ndi zosakwana 0.1mm[4mil], opangidwa ndi Vacuum Evaporation, Pyrolytic Coating, Cathodic Sputtering, Chemical Vapor Deposition, electroplating, anodizing, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimatchedwa "woonda." teknoloji ya mafilimu ". Zogulitsa zothandiza zimakhala ndi Thin Film Hybrid Circuit ndi Thin Film Integrated Circuit, etc.

27. Kusamutsa Laminatied Circuit

Ndi njira yatsopano yopangira bolodi yozungulira, pogwiritsa ntchito 93mil wandiweyani wakonzedwa mbale yosalala yosapanga dzimbiri, choyamba sinthani zithunzi zowuma zowuma, kenako mzere wothamanga kwambiri wamkuwa. Pambuyo kuvula filimu youma, waya zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo mbale pamwamba akhoza mbamuikha pa kutentha kwa theka-ouma filimu. Ndiye kuchotsa zosapanga dzimbiri mbale zitsulo, mukhoza kupeza padziko lathyathyathya dera ophatikizidwa bolodi dera. Itha kutsatiridwa ndikubowola ndi kubowola kuti mupeze kulumikizana kwa interlayer.

CC - 4 coppercomplexer4; Edelectro-deposited photoresist ndi njira yowonjezera yowonjezera yopangidwa ndi American PCK kampani pa gawo lapansi lapadera la mkuwa (onani nkhani yapadera pa nkhani ya 47 ya magazini ya chidziwitso cha bolodi la dera kuti mudziwe zambiri) .Electric light resistance IVH (Interstitial Via Hole); MLC (Multilayer Ceramic) (local inter laminar kudzera mdzenje); mbale yaying'ono PID (Photo imagible Dielectric) ceramic multilayer circuit board; PTF (media media) Polima wandiweyani filimu yozungulira (yokhala ndi pepala lakuda la phala la bolodi losindikizidwa) SLC (Surface Laminar Circuits); Mzere wokutira pamwamba ndi teknoloji yatsopano yofalitsidwa ndi IBM Yasu laboratory, Japan mu June 1993. Ndi mzere wambiri wolumikizana ndi Curtain Coating wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi electroplating copper kunja kwa mbale ya mbali ziwiri, zomwe zimathetsa kufunika kwa kubowola ndi plating mabowo pa mbale.