Kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso azinthu zosiyanasiyana, zimapezeka kuti ESD iyi ndi mayeso ofunikira kwambiri: ngati bolodi la dera silinapangidwe bwino, pamene magetsi osasunthika ayambitsidwa, amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa awonongeke kapena kuwononga zigawozo. M'mbuyomu, ndinangowona kuti ESD ingawononge zigawozo, koma sindimayembekezera kuti ndisamalire mokwanira pazinthu zamagetsi.

ESD ndizomwe timatcha nthawi zambiri kuti Electro-Static discharge. Kuchokera ku chidziwitso chophunzira, zikhoza kudziwika kuti magetsi osasunthika ndizochitika zachilengedwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira kupyolera mu kukhudzana, kukangana, kulowetsa pakati pa zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero. kapena makumi masauzande a ma volts amagetsi osasunthika) ), mphamvu yochepa, nthawi yotsika komanso yochepa. Pazinthu zamagetsi, ngati mapangidwe a ESD sanapangidwe bwino, magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi zamagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala osakhazikika kapena kuwonongeka.

Njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuyesa kwa ESD: kutulutsa kukhudzana ndi kutulutsa mpweya.

Contact kutulutsa ndiko kutulutsa mwachindunji zida zomwe zikuyesedwa; kutulutsa mpweya kumatchedwanso kutulutsa kosalunjika, komwe kumapangidwa ndi kugwirizana kwa mphamvu ya maginito yamphamvu ndi malupu oyandikana nawo. Magetsi oyesera pamayeso awiriwa nthawi zambiri amakhala 2KV-8KV, ndipo zofunikira ndizosiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Choncho, tisanapange, choyamba tiyenera kudziwa msika wa malonda.

Mikhalidwe iwiri yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi mayeso ofunikira azinthu zamagetsi zomwe sizingagwire ntchito chifukwa chamagetsi amunthu kapena zifukwa zina thupi la munthu likakumana ndi zinthu zamagetsi. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha madera ena m'miyezi yosiyana ya chaka. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pazithunzi kuti Lasvegas imakhala ndi chinyezi chocheperako chaka chonse. Zogulitsa zamagetsi m'derali ziyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri chitetezo cha ESD.

Chinyezi chimakhala chosiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi, koma nthawi yomweyo m'dera, ngati chinyezi cha mpweya sichifanana, magetsi osakanikirana amasiyananso. Gome lotsatirali ndi deta yosonkhanitsidwa, yomwe imatha kuwoneka kuti magetsi osasunthika akuwonjezeka pamene chinyezi cha mpweya chikuchepa. Izi zikufotokozeranso molakwika chifukwa chomwe zowotcha zosasunthika zomwe zimatuluka povula sweti m'nyengo yozizira yakumpoto zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. “

Popeza magetsi osasunthika ndi oopsa kwambiri, tingawateteze bwanji? Popanga chitetezo cha electrostatic, nthawi zambiri timachigawa m'magawo atatu: kuletsa zolipiritsa zakunja kuti zisalowe mu board board ndikuwononga; kuletsa maginito akunja kuwononga bolodi lozungulira; kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa electrostatic minda.

Pamapangidwe enieni ozungulira, tidzagwiritsa ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo mwa njira zotsatirazi zodzitetezera kumagetsi:

1

Ma avalanche diode achitetezo cha electrostatic
Iyinso ndi njira yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kulumikiza ma avalanche diode pansi molingana ndi mzere wofunikira. Njira imeneyi ndi ntchito chigumukire diode kuyankha mwamsanga ndi luso kukhazikika ndi clamping, amene akhoza kudya anaikira mkulu voteji mu nthawi yochepa kuteteza bolodi dera.

2

Gwiritsani ntchito ma capacitor apamwamba kwambiri poteteza dera
Mwanjira iyi, ma capacitor a ceramic okhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi 1.5KV nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu cholumikizira cha I / O kapena malo a chizindikiro chofunikira, ndipo mzere wolumikizira ndi waufupi momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kulumikizidwa kwa kulumikizana. mzere. Ngati capacitor yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika yotsika ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa capacitor ndikutaya chitetezo chake.

3

Gwiritsani ntchito mikanda ya ferrite poteteza dera
Mikanda ya Ferrite imatha kuyimitsa ESD bwino kwambiri, komanso imatha kupondereza ma radiation. Mukakumana ndi mavuto awiri, mkanda wa ferrite ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri.

4

Njira ya spark gap
Njirayi ikuwoneka m'chidutswa cha zinthu. Njira yeniyeni ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa katatu ndi nsonga zogwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake pa microstrip line wosanjikiza wopangidwa ndi mkuwa. Mbali imodzi ya mkuwa wa katatu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mzere wa chizindikiro, ndipo ina ndi mkuwa wa katatu. Gwirizanitsani ku nthaka. Pakakhala magetsi osasunthika, amatulutsa kutulutsa kwakuthwa ndikuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi.

5

Gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta ya LC kuti muteteze dera
Fyuluta yopangidwa ndi LC imatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kuti isalowe muderali. Mawonekedwe a inductive reactance a inductor ndiabwino kuletsa ma frequency apamwamba a ESD kuti asalowe mudera, pomwe capacitor imatsekereza mphamvu yayikulu ya ESD pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, zosefera zamtunduwu zimathanso kusalaza m'mphepete mwa siginecha ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya RF, ndipo magwiridwe antchito adawongoleredwa molingana ndi kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro.

6

Multilayer board yachitetezo cha ESD
Ndalama zikalola, kusankha bolodi lamitundu yambiri ndi njira yabwino yopewera ESD. Mu bolodi lamitundu yambiri, chifukwa pali ndege yathunthu pansi pafupi ndi kufufuza, izi zingapangitse banja la ESD kupita ku ndege yotsika kwambiri ya impedance, ndiyeno kuteteza udindo wa zizindikiro zazikulu.

7

Njira yosiyira gulu lodzitchinjiriza pamphepete mwa lamulo lachitetezo cha board board
Njirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala yojambula zozungulira kuzungulira bolodi popanda kuwotcherera. Ngati ziloleza, gwirizanitsani kufufuza kwa nyumbayo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kufufuza sikungathe kupanga chipika chotsekedwa, kuti asapange antenna ya loop ndikuyambitsa vuto lalikulu.

8

Gwiritsani ntchito zida za CMOS kapena zida za TTL zokhala ndi ma diode otchingira poteteza dera
Njira imeneyi amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo kudzipatula kuteteza bolodi dera. Chifukwa zida izi zimatetezedwa ndi clamping diode, zovuta za mapangidwewo zimachepetsedwa pamapangidwe enieni a dera.

9

Gwiritsani ntchito decoupling capacitors
Ma decoupling capacitor awa ayenera kukhala ndi ESL yotsika ndi ESR. Kwa ESD yotsika pafupipafupi, ma decoupling capacitor amachepetsa malo ozungulira. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ESL yake, ntchito ya electrolyte imafooka, yomwe imatha kusefa mphamvu zama frequency apamwamba. .

Mwachidule, ngakhale ESD ndi yoopsa ndipo ikhoza kubweretsa zotsatirapo zazikulu, koma kokha mwa kuteteza mphamvu ndi mizere yowonetsera pa dera kungalepheretse ESD panopa kuti isalowe mu PCB. Pakati pawo, abwana anga nthawi zambiri ankanena kuti "malo abwino a bolodi ndi mfumu". Ndikukhulupirira kuti chiganizochi chikhoza kukubweretseraninso zotsatira za kuswa kuwala.