Zolephera zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa capacitor ndizokwera kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa electrolytic capacitors ndikofala kwambiri. Kuchita kwa kuwonongeka kwa capacitor kuli motere:

1. Mphamvu zimakhala zochepa; 2. Kutaya mphamvu; 3. Kutayikira; 4. Dera lalifupi.

Ma capacitors amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mderali, ndipo zolakwa zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo. M'mabwalo oyendetsera mafakitale, mabwalo a digito amawerengera ambiri, ndipo ma capacitor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posefera magetsi, ndipo ma capacitor ochepa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ma siginecha ndi ma oscillation. Ngati capacitor ya electrolytic yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthira mphamvu yawonongeka, mphamvu yosinthira imatha kusagwedezeka, ndipo palibe kutulutsa kwamagetsi; kapena voteji linanena bungwe silinasefedwe bwino, ndipo dera ndi momveka chisokonezo chifukwa voteji kusakhazikika, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti makina akugwira ntchito bwino kapena wosweka Ziribe kanthu makina, ngati capacitor chikugwirizana pakati pa mizati zabwino ndi zoipa za magetsi. wa dera la digito, cholakwikacho chidzakhala chofanana ndi pamwambapa.

Izi zimawonekera makamaka pamabodi apakompyuta. Makompyuta ambiri nthawi zina amalephera kuyatsa pakapita zaka zingapo, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kuyatsidwa. Tsegulani mlanduwu, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuona zochitika za electrolytic capacitors bulging, ngati mutachotsa ma capacitors kuti muyese mphamvu , Apezeka kuti ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo weniweni.

Moyo wa capacitor umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kutentha kozungulira. Kutentha kozungulira kozungulira, kumachepetsa moyo wa capacitor. Lamuloli silikugwira ntchito kwa ma electrolytic capacitors okha, komanso ma capacitors ena. Choncho, poyang'ana ma capacitor olakwika, muyenera kuyang'ana kuyang'ana ma capacitor omwe ali pafupi ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, monga ma capacitor pafupi ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi zigawo zamphamvu kwambiri. Mukayandikira kwambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonongeka.

Ndakonza magetsi a X-ray flaw detector. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adanena kuti utsi unatuluka mumagetsi. Pambuyo pochotsa mlanduwo, zidapezeka kuti panali capacitor yayikulu ya 1000uF / 350V yokhala ndi zinthu zamafuta zikutuluka. Chotsani kuchuluka kwa mphamvu Ndi makumi khumi okha a uF, ndipo amapezeka kuti capacitor iyi yokha ndiyo yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa mlatho wokonzanso, ndipo ena omwe ali kutali ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonongeka. Kuonjezera apo, ma capacitor a ceramic anali ofupikitsidwa, ndipo ma capacitors adapezekanso kuti ali pafupi kwambiri ndi zigawo zotentha. Choncho, payenera kutsindika poyang'ana ndi kukonza.

Ma capacitor ena amakhala ndi kutayikira kwakukulu, ndipo amawotcha manja anu akakhudza zala zanu. Mtundu uwu wa capacitor uyenera kusinthidwa.
Pankhani ya kukwera ndi kutsika panthawi yokonza, kupatula kuti mwina simungagwirizane bwino, zolephera zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa capacitor. Chifukwa chake, mukakumana ndi zolephera zotere, mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri ma capacitors. Pambuyo posintha ma capacitors, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodabwitsa (zowona, muyenera kumvetseranso khalidwe la capacitors, ndikusankha mtundu wabwino, monga Ruby, Black Diamond, etc.).

1. Makhalidwe ndi chiweruzo cha kukana kuwonongeka

Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti oyambitsa ambiri akukankhira kukana pamene akukonza dera, ndipo amachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa. Ndipotu zakonzedwa kwambiri. Malingana ngati mumvetsetsa kuwonongeka kwa kukana, simuyenera kuthera nthawi yochuluka.

Kukaniza ndi gawo lochulukira kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, koma si gawo lomwe lili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri. Dera lotseguka ndilo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa kuwonongeka kwa kukana. Ndizosowa kuti mtengo wotsutsa umakhala waukulu, ndipo mtengo wotsutsa umakhala wochepa. Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo zopinga za filimu ya kaboni, zotsutsa mafilimu zachitsulo, zotsutsa mabala a waya ndi zotsutsa za inshuwalansi.

Mitundu iwiri yoyamba ya resistors ndiyo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazodziwika za kuwonongeka kwawo ndikuti kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa kukana otsika (pansi pa 100Ω) ndi kukana kwakukulu (pamwamba pa 100kΩ) ndikokwera, komanso kukana kwapakati (monga mazana a ohms mpaka makumi a kiloohms) Kuwonongeka kochepa kwambiri; Chachiwiri, pamene zopinga zochepetsera zowonongeka, nthawi zambiri zimawotchedwa ndikuda, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzipeza, pamene zotsutsana kwambiri siziwonongeka kawirikawiri.

Ma Wirewound resistors nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kwambiri, ndipo kukana sikuli kwakukulu. Pamene ma cylindrical mabala oletsa mabala ayaka moto, ena amasanduka akuda kapena pamwamba pake amaphulika kapena kung'ambika, ndipo ena sadzakhala ndi zizindikiro. Zotsutsa za simenti ndi mtundu wazitsulo zotchingira mabala a waya, zomwe zimatha kusweka zikawotchedwa, apo ayi sipadzakhala zowonekera. Fuse resistor ikayaka, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka khungu kadzawomberedwa pamalo ena, ndipo ena alibe zowonera, koma sizidzapsa kapena kusanduka zakuda. Malingana ndi makhalidwe omwe ali pamwambawa, mukhoza kuyang'ana kuyang'ana kukana ndikupeza mwamsanga kukana kowonongeka.

Malinga ndi zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, titha kuwona kaye ngati zopinga zocheperako pa bolodi lozungulira zidawotcha zipsera zakuda, ndiyeno molingana ndi mawonekedwe omwe otsutsa ambiri amatseguka kapena kukana kumakhala kokulirapo komanso zopinga zapamwamba. zimawonongeka mosavuta. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter kuyeza mwachindunji kukana pa malekezero onse a high resistor resistor pa bolodi dera. Ngati kukana koyezera kuli kwakukulu kuposa kukana mwadzina, kukana kuyenera kuonongeka (zindikirani kuti kukana kumakhala kokhazikika pamaso pa kuwonetsera Pomaliza, chifukwa pangakhale zinthu zofanana za capacitive mu dera, pali malipiro ndi kutulutsa ndondomeko), ngati kukana koyezedwa ndikocheperako kuposa kukana mwadzina, nthawi zambiri sikunyalanyazidwa. Mwa njira iyi, kutsutsa kulikonse pa bolodi la dera kumayesedwa kachiwiri, ngakhale chikwi chimodzi "chiphedwa molakwika", sichidzaphonya.

Chachiwiri, njira yoweruza yogwiritsira ntchito amplifier

N'zovuta kuweruza khalidwe la amplifiers ntchito kwa ambiri kukonza pakompyuta, osati mlingo wa maphunziro (pali ambiri undergraduates undergraduates, ngati simuphunzitsa, iwo ndithudi sadzatero, zidzatenga nthawi yaitali kumvetsa, pali wapadera N'chimodzimodzinso kwa ophunzira omaliza maphunziro awo aphunzitsi kuphunzira inverter control!), Ndikufuna kukambirana nanu pano, ndipo ndikuyembekeza izo zidzakhala zothandiza kwa aliyense.

Makina opangira ma amplifier abwino ali ndi mawonekedwe a "virtual short" ndi "virtual break", mikhalidwe iwiriyi ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakusanthula kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka amplifier kakugwiritsa ntchito mzere. Kuti muwonetsetse kugwiritsa ntchito mzere, op amp iyenera kugwira ntchito motsekeka (ndegative ndemanga). Ngati palibe mayankho oyipa, op amp pansi pa open-loop amplification amakhala wofananiza. Ngati mukufuna kuweruza khalidwe la chipangizocho, choyamba muyenera kusiyanitsa ngati chipangizocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati amplifier kapena comparator mu dera.