Anti-interference ndi chiyanjano chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga dera lamakono, lomwe limasonyeza mwachindunji ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa dongosolo lonse. Kwa mainjiniya a PCB, mapangidwe odana ndi kusokoneza ndiye chinsinsi komanso chovuta chomwe aliyense ayenera kudziwa.
Kukhalapo kwa kusokoneza mu bolodi la PCB
Pakufufuza kwenikweni, zikuwoneka kuti pali zosokoneza zinayi zazikuluzikulu mu kapangidwe ka PCB: phokoso lamagetsi, kusokoneza kwa chingwe, kulumikizana ndi kusokoneza ma elekitiroma (EMI).
1. Phokoso lamagetsi
M'madera othamanga kwambiri, phokoso lamagetsi limakhala ndi mphamvu yowonekera kwambiri pa chizindikiro chapamwamba. Choncho, chofunika choyamba cha magetsi ndi phokoso lochepa. Apa, malo oyera ndi ofunikira ngati gwero lamphamvu lamagetsi.
2. Mzere wotumizira
Pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya mizere yopatsira yomwe ingatheke mu PCB: mzere wa mizere ndi mzere wa microwave. Vuto lalikulu ndi mizere yopatsirana ndikuwunikira. Kuzindikira kungayambitse mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha katundu chidzakhala pamwamba pa chizindikiro choyambirira ndi chizindikiro cha echo, chomwe chidzawonjezera kuvutika kwa kusanthula zizindikiro; kusinkhasinkha kudzachititsa kutayika kwa kubwerera (kubwerera kutayika), zomwe zidzakhudza chizindikiro. Zotsatira zake ndizovuta kwambiri ngati zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusokoneza kwa phokoso lowonjezera.
3. Kulumikizana
Chizindikiro chosokoneza chomwe chimapangidwa ndi gwero losokoneza chimayambitsa kusokoneza kwamagetsi pamagetsi owongolera zamagetsi kudzera munjira ina yolumikizirana. Njira yolumikizirana yosokoneza sichinthu choposa kuchita pamagetsi owongolera zamagetsi kudzera pa mawaya, malo, mizere yodziwika bwino, ndi zina zambiri. Kusanthula kumaphatikizapo mitundu iyi: kulumikizana mwachindunji, kuphatikizika wamba, kulumikizana kwa capacitive, kuphatikizika kwa electromagnetic induction, kuphatikiza ma radiation, ndi zina.
4. Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference EMI ili ndi mitundu iwiri: kusokoneza komwe kumachitika komanso kusokoneza ma radiation. Kusokoneza kochitika kumatanthauza kulumikizana (kusokoneza) kwa ma siginecha pa netiweki imodzi yamagetsi kupita ku netiweki ina yamagetsi kudzera panjira yolumikizira. Kusokoneza kwa radiation kumatanthawuza kusokoneza gwero lolumikiza (kusokoneza) chizindikiro chake ku netiweki ina yamagetsi kudzera mumlengalenga. Mu PCB yothamanga kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a dongosolo, mizere yothamanga kwambiri, mapini ozungulira ophatikizika, zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zambiri zitha kukhala magwero osokoneza ma radiation okhala ndi mawonekedwe a mlongoti, omwe amatha kutulutsa mafunde a electromagnetic ndikukhudza machitidwe ena kapena ma subsystems ena. ntchito yabwinobwino.
PCB ndi njira zotsutsana ndi zosokoneza
Mapangidwe odana ndi jamming a bolodi yosindikizira amagwirizana kwambiri ndi dera linalake. Chotsatira, tingopanga kufotokozera pamiyeso ingapo yodziwika bwino ya PCB anti-jamming design.
1. Kupanga chingwe champhamvu
Malinga ndi kukula kwa gulu losindikizidwa dera panopa, yesetsani kuonjezera m'lifupi mwa mzere mphamvu kuchepetsa kuzungulira kukana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pangani mayendedwe a mzere wamagetsi ndi mzere wapansi kuti ukhale wogwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka deta, zomwe zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zotsutsana ndi phokoso.
2. Mapangidwe a waya pansi
Siyanitsa malo a digito ndi malo a analogi. Ngati pali mabwalo onse omveka bwino komanso mabwalo ozungulira pa bolodi, ayenera kupatulidwa momwe angathere. Pansi pa dera locheperako liyenera kukhazikika molumikizana pamalo amodzi momwe mungathere. Mawaya enieniwo akakhala ovuta, amatha kulumikizidwa pang'ono motsatizana kenako ndikukhazikika mofanana. Dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazigawo zingapo, waya wapansi uyenera kukhala waufupi komanso wandiweyani, ndipo zojambulazo zokhala ngati gridi yayikulu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira gawo lapamwamba kwambiri.
Waya wapansi uyenera kukhala wokhuthala momwe ungathere. Ngati mzere wochepa kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya wokhazikika, mphamvu yapansi imasintha ndi zamakono, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana phokoso. Chifukwa chake, waya wapansi uyenera kukulitsidwa kuti udutse katatu pamlingo wovomerezeka pa bolodi losindikizidwa. Ngati n'kotheka, waya pansi ayenera kukhala pamwamba 2 ~ 3mm.
Waya wapansi umapanga chipika chotsekedwa. Kwa matabwa osindikizidwa opangidwa ndi mabwalo a digito okha, mabwalo awo ambiri oyambira amakonzedwa mu malupu kuti apititse patsogolo phokoso.
3. Decoupling capacitor kasinthidwe
Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino za mapangidwe a PCB ndikukonza ma capacitor oyenera pagawo lililonse la bolodi losindikizidwa.
Mfundo zosinthika za decoupling capacitors ndi:
① Lumikizani 10 ~ 100uf electrolytic capacitor kudutsa magetsi. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndi bwino kulumikizana ndi 100uF kapena kupitilira apo.
②M'malo mwake, chipangizo chilichonse chophatikizika chozungulira chiyenera kukhala ndi 0.01pF ceramic capacitor. Ngati kusiyana kwa bolodi losindikizidwa sikukwanira, 1-10pF capacitor ikhoza kukonzedwa pa tchipisi 4 ~ 8 zilizonse.
③Pazida zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zoletsa phokoso komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwamphamvu zikazimitsidwa, monga zida zosungira za RAM ndi ROM, cholumikizira cholumikizira chiyenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji pakati pa chingwe chamagetsi ndi mzere wapansi wa chip.
④Chiwongolero cha capacitor sichiyenera kukhala chotalikirapo, makamaka chowongolera pafupipafupi sayenera kukhala ndi kutsogolera.
4. Njira zochotsera kusokoneza kwamagetsi pakupanga kwa PCB
① Chepetsani malupu: Lupu lililonse limafanana ndi mlongoti, chifukwa chake tifunika kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malupu, dera la lupu ndi momwe mlongoti wa lupu umathandizira. Onetsetsani kuti chizindikirocho chili ndi njira imodzi yokha yozungulira pazigawo ziwiri zilizonse, pewani malupu opangira, ndipo yesani kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la mphamvu.
②Kusefa: Kusefa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa EMI pa chingwe chamagetsi ndi pa mzere wa chizindikiro. Pali njira zitatu: decoupling capacitors, EMI zosefera, ndi maginito zigawo zikuluzikulu.
③Chishango.
④ Yesetsani kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa zida zama frequency apamwamba.
⑤ Kuchulukitsa kwa dielectric kwa bolodi la PCB kungalepheretse magawo apamwamba kwambiri monga chingwe chotumizira pafupi ndi bolodi kuti chisatulukire kunja; kukulitsa makulidwe a bolodi la PCB ndikuchepetsa makulidwe a chingwe cha microstrip kumatha kuletsa waya wamagetsi kuti usasefukire komanso kuteteza ma radiation.