Malinga ndi chithunzi cha dera lomwe lapangidwa, kuyerekezera kungathe kuchitidwa ndipo PCB ikhoza kupangidwa potumiza fayilo ya Gerber / kubowola. Kaya kamangidwe kake, mainjiniya ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe mabwalo (ndi zida zamagetsi) ayenera kukhazikitsidwa komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Kwa mainjiniya a zamagetsi, kupeza zida zoyenera zamapulogalamu zamapangidwe a PCB kungakhale ntchito yovuta. Zida zamapulogalamu zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito imodzi ya PCB sizingagwire ntchito kwa ena. Mainjiniya amafuna zida zopangira ma board zomwe zimakhala zowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi zofunikira, zokhazikika kuti zichepetse chiopsezo, komanso kukhala ndi laibulale yolimba yomwe imawapangitsa kukhala oyenera ma projekiti angapo.

Vuto la Hardware

Kwa ma projekiti a iot, kuphatikiza ndikofunikira kuti pakhale ntchito komanso kudalirika, ndipo kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zoyendetsa komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito mu PCBS kumafuna opanga ma iot kuti aphunzire kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi zamakina pamapangidwewo. Makamaka, kukula kwa zigawo kukucheperachepera, kutentha kwamagetsi pa PCBS kukuchulukirachulukira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zikukwera. Kuti akwaniritse ntchito yopangidwa ndi mapangidwe, kuyankha kwa kutentha, khalidwe la zigawo zamagetsi pa bolodi, ndi kayendetsedwe ka kutentha kwakukulu ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa dongosolo.

PCB iyenera kudzipatula kuti itetezedwe. Maulendo afupiafupi amatetezedwa poteteza zingwe zamkuwa zomwe zimayikidwa pa bolodi kuti apange dongosolo lamagetsi. Poyerekeza ndi njira zotsika mtengo monga mapepala omatira opangira utomoni (SRBP, FR-1, FR-2), FR-4 ndi yoyenera kwambiri ngati gawo laling'ono chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akuthupi / makina, makamaka kuthekera kosunga deta pamlingo wapamwamba. ma frequency, kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri, komanso kuti imamwa madzi ochepa kuposa zida zina. FR-4 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zapamwamba komanso zida zamakampani ndi zankhondo. Ndi yogwirizana ndi kutchinjiriza kopitilira muyeso (uvuvu wapamwamba kwambiri kapena UHV).

Komabe, FR-4 monga gawo lapansi la PCB imayang'anizana ndi zoletsa zingapo, zomwe zimachokera ku mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Makamaka, nkhaniyo sachedwa mapangidwe inclusions (thovu) ndi mikwingwirima (longitudinal thovu), komanso mapindikidwe wa galasi CHIKWANGWANI. Zowonongeka izi zitha kuyambitsa mphamvu zosagwirizana za dielectric ndikuwononga ma waya a PCB. Zatsopano zagalasi za epoxy zimathetsa mavutowa.

Zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi polyimide/glass fiber (yomwe imathandizira kutentha kwambiri komanso imakhala yovuta) ndi KAPTON (yosinthika, yopepuka, yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga zowonetsera ndi kiyibodi). Zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha zida za dielectric (gawo) zimaphatikizapo coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), kutentha kwa magalasi (Tg), matenthedwe amafuta, komanso kusasunthika kwamakina.

PCBS yankhondo/yamlengalenga imafunikira kuganiziridwa mwapadera kutengera masanjidwe ake ndi 100% Design for Test (DFT). Muyezo wa MIL-STD-883 umakhazikitsa njira ndi njira zoyezera zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zoyenererana ndi zida zankhondo ndi zakuthambo, kuphatikiza kuyesa kwamakina ndi magetsi, njira zopangira ndi zophunzitsira, ndi zowongolera zina kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika kwamtundu komanso kudalirika mudongosolo lonse. Zosiyanasiyana ntchito zipangizo zoterezi.

Kuphatikiza pakukwaniritsa miyezo yosiyanasiyana, mapangidwe amagetsi amagetsi amagalimoto amayenera kutsatira malamulo angapo, monga kuyesa kwamakina a AEC-Q100 ndi zamagetsi pakuyika mabwalo ophatikizika. Zotsatira za Crosstalk zitha kusokoneza chitetezo chagalimoto. Kuti achepetse zotsatirazi, opanga PCB ayenera kufotokoza mtunda pakati pa mzere wa siginecha ndi chingwe chamagetsi. Kupanga ndi kukhazikika kumayendetsedwa ndi zida zamapulogalamu zomwe zimangodziwonetsera zokha za kapangidwe kake zomwe zimafunikira kusinthidwanso kuti zikwaniritse zolepheretsa zosokoneza komanso kutulutsa kutentha kuti zisakhudze magwiridwe antchito.

Ndemanga:

Kusokoneza kwa dera palokha sikuwopseza chizindikiro cha khalidwe. PCB yomwe ili m'galimoto imakhudzidwa ndi phokoso, lomwe limalumikizana ndi thupi m'njira zovuta kuti lipangitse mphamvu zosafunikira kuzungulira. Ma spikes a Voltage ndi kusinthasintha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha makina oyatsira magalimoto kumatha kukankhira zinthu kupitilira kupirira kwawo kwa makina.

Vuto la mapulogalamu

Masiku ano zida za masanjidwe a PCB ziyenera kukhala ndi zophatikizira zingapo kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za opanga. Kusankha chida choyenera cha masanjidwe kuyenera kukhala koyambirira kuganiziridwa pamapangidwe a PCB ndipo sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Zogulitsa kuchokera ku Mentor Graphics, OrCAD Systems, ndi Altium ndi zina mwa zida zamakono za PCB.

Altium Designer

Altium Designer ndi imodzi mwamapaketi apamwamba kwambiri a PCB pamsika masiku ano. Ndi ntchito yolumikizira yokha, kuthandizira kusintha kutalika kwa mzere ndi 3D modeling. Altium Designer imaphatikizapo zida zogwirira ntchito zonse zopanga madera, kuyambira kujambulidwa kwadongosolo mpaka HDL komanso kayeseleledwe ka dera, kusanthula ma siginecha, kapangidwe ka PCB, ndi chitukuko chophatikizidwa ndi FPGA.

Pulatifomu ya PCB ya Mentor Graphics imathana ndi zovuta zazikulu zomwe opanga makina amakono akukumana nazo: zolondola, zogwira ntchito - ndikukonzekeranso zokhazikika; Kuyenda bwino muzambiri komanso zovuta za topology; Ndipo kukhathamiritsa kwa electromechanical. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya nsanja komanso luso lofunikira kwambiri pamakampani ndi Sketch Router, yomwe imapatsa opanga kuwongolera kwathunthu panjira yotsegula yokha / yothandizira, kutulutsa zotsatira zofanana ndi kumasula pamanja, koma munthawi yochepa.

OrCAD PCB Editor

OrCAD PCB Editor ndi malo ochezera omwe amapangidwira mapangidwe a board pamlingo uliwonse waukadaulo, kuyambira wosavuta mpaka wovuta. Chifukwa cha scalability yake yeniyeni ku mayankho a PCB a Cadence Allegro PCB Designer, OrCAD PCB Editor imathandizira chitukuko cha magulu opanga mapangidwe ndipo imatha kuthana ndi zovuta (kuthamanga kwambiri, kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, ndi zina zotero) ndikusunga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a fayilo.

Gerber wapamwamba

Mafayilo amtundu wa Gerber amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chidziwitso cha kapangidwe ka PCB. Munjira zambiri, Gerber amafanana ndi PDFS mumagetsi; Ndi fayilo yaing'ono chabe yolembedwa m'chinenero chosakanikirana cha makina. Mafayilowa amapangidwa ndi pulogalamu yowononga dera ndikutumizidwa kwa wopanga PCB ku pulogalamu ya CAM.

Kuphatikizira mosamala machitidwe amagetsi m'magalimoto ndi machitidwe ena ovuta kumapereka zofunikira pa hardware ndi mapulogalamu. Mainjiniya akufuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe obwereza komanso nthawi yachitukuko, zomwe zili ndi zabwino zambiri kwa opanga omwe akugwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka ntchito.