PCB iliyonse imafunikira maziko abwino: malangizo a msonkhano

Zofunikira za PCB zimaphatikizapo zida za dielectric, makulidwe amkuwa ndi trace, ndi zigawo zamakina kapena kukula kwake. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dielectric zimapereka ntchito ziwiri zofunika pa PCB. Tikamanga ma PCB ovuta omwe amatha kunyamula ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri, zida za dielectric zimalekanitsa ma sign omwe amapezeka pazigawo zoyandikana ndi PCB. Kukhazikika kwa PCB kumadalira kusagwirizana kwa dielectric pa ndege yonse komanso kutsekeka kwa yunifolomu pamitundu yambiri.

Ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti mkuwa ndi wodziwikiratu ngati kondakitala, pali ntchito zina. Zolemera zosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amkuwa zidzakhudza kuthekera kwa dera kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka koyenera kwapano ndikutanthauzira kuchuluka kwa kutayika. Ponena za ndege yapansi ndi ndege ya mphamvu, ubwino wa mkuwawo udzakhudza kusokonezeka kwa ndege yapansi ndi kutentha kwa ndege ya mphamvu. Kufananiza makulidwe ndi kutalika kwa ma siginecha osiyanitsa amatha kuphatikiza kukhazikika ndi kukhulupirika kwa dera, makamaka pazizindikiro zapamwamba.

Mizere ya kukula kwa thupi, zizindikiro za miyeso, mapepala a deta, chidziwitso cha notch, kupyolera mu chidziwitso cha dzenje, chidziwitso cha zida, ndi malangizo a msonkhano sikuti amangofotokozera makina osanjikiza kapena mawonekedwe, komanso amakhala ngati maziko a muyeso wa PCB. Zambiri za msonkhano zimayang'anira kuyika ndi malo a zipangizo zamagetsi. Popeza ndondomeko ya "msonkhano wadera wosindikizidwa" imagwirizanitsa zigawo zogwirira ntchito ku PCB, ndondomeko ya msonkhano imafuna gulu lokonzekera kuti likhazikitse mgwirizano pakati pa kasamalidwe ka zizindikiro, kasamalidwe ka kutentha, kuika mapepala, malamulo a magetsi ndi makina, ndi gawo kukhazikitsa kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina.

Mapangidwe aliwonse a PCB amafuna zikalata zosonkhana mu IPC-2581. Zolemba zina zikuphatikiza mabilu azinthu, data ya Gerber, data ya CAD, schematics, zojambula zopanga, zolemba, zojambula pamisonkhano, zoyeserera zilizonse, mawonekedwe aliwonse apamwamba, ndi zofunikira zonse zowongolera. Zolondola ndi tsatanetsatane zomwe zili m'malembawa zimachepetsa mwayi uliwonse wolakwika panthawi yojambula.

02
Malamulo omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa: kupatula ndi magawo a njira

Okonza magetsi amene amaika mawaya m’nyumba ayenera kutsatira malamulo oonetsetsa kuti mawayawo sapindika kwambiri kapena kugwidwa ndi misomali kapena zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poika khoma. Kudutsa mawaya pakhoma la stud kumafuna njira yokhazikika yodziwira kuya ndi kutalika kwa njira yolowera.

Malo osungira ndi mayendedwe amakhazikitsa zopinga zomwezo pamapangidwe a PCB. Kusungirako kumatanthawuza zopinga zakuthupi (monga kuyika chigawo kapena chilolezo cha makina) kapena zopinga zamagetsi (monga kusunga mawaya) zamapulogalamu apangidwe. Wiring wosanjikiza amakhazikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo. Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mtundu wa PCB, zigawo zama waya zitha kuyikidwa pamwamba ndi pansi kapena zigawo zamkati za PCB.

01
Pezani malo a ndege yapansi ndi ndege yamagetsi
Nyumba iliyonse ili ndi gulu lalikulu lamagetsi kapena malo opangira magetsi omwe amatha kulandira magetsi obwera kuchokera kumakampani othandizira ndikugawa kumagawo omwe amayatsa magetsi, sockets, zida, ndi zida. Ndege yapansi ndi ndege yamphamvu ya PCB imapereka ntchito yofananira poyendetsa dera ndikugawa ma voltages osiyanasiyana pazigawo. Monga gulu lautumiki, ndege zamphamvu ndi zapansi zimatha kukhala ndi zigawo zingapo zamkuwa zomwe zimalola kuti mabwalo ndi ma subcircuits agwirizane ndi kuthekera kosiyanasiyana.

02
Tetezani bolodi lozungulira, tetezani mawaya
Akatswiri ojambula m'nyumba amalemba mosamala mitundu ndi kumaliza kwa denga, makoma ndi zokongoletsera. Pa PCB, chophimba chosindikizira wosanjikiza chimagwiritsa ntchito malemba kuti afotokoze malo a zigawo pamwamba ndi pansi. Kupeza zambiri kudzera pazithunzi zosindikizira kungapulumutse gulu lojambula kuti lisamatchule zikalata za msonkhano.

Zoyambira, utoto, madontho ndi ma vanishi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opaka nyumba amatha kuwonjezera mitundu yowoneka bwino ndi mawonekedwe. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwalawa amatha kuteteza pamwamba kuti zisawonongeke. Momwemonso, mtundu wina wa zinyalala ukagwera pa trace, chigoba chopyapyala cha solder pa PCB chingathandize PCB kuletsa kuphatikizikako.