Pazinthu zamagetsi, PCB yamitundu yambiri (Printed Circuit Board) imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira. Mapangidwe ake ndi kupanga kwake kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa zipangizo zamakono zamakono. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mbali zake zazikulu, malingaliro apangidwe, ndi madera ogwiritsira ntchito kuti apereke malingaliro athunthu. Pousanthula, tingathe kumvetsetsa bwino kufunika kwake muukadaulo wamagetsi.
1, kapangidwe ka bolodi la PCB lamitundu ingapo singodulira pang'ono pama board angapo osanjikiza, koma ndi njira yovuta yaukadaulo. Mu gawo la mapangidwe, chinthu choyamba choyenera kuganizira ndizovuta komanso kachulukidwe ka dera. Ndi kufunafuna ntchito mosalekeza pazida zamakono zamakono, zovuta zamabwalo zikuwonjezekanso, kotero kuti mapangidwe ake akuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kachulukidwe kapamwamba ndi ntchito zambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zikuwonjezeka, ndipo mapangidwe awo amafunika kuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa kutumiza zizindikiro.
2, njira yopangira ma board a PCB ambiri ndi gawo lofunikira. Mu gawo lopanga, njira zapamwamba ndi matekinoloje ndizofunikira. Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lapamwamba la lamination, khalidwe la kugwirizana kwa interlayer likhoza kusinthidwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa kufalikira kwa chizindikiro. Kuphatikiza apo, kusankha kwazinthu zoyenera ndi chinthu chomwe sichinganyalanyazidwe popanga, magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pazida, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zoyenera malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito popanga.
3, Mipikisano wosanjikiza PCB bolodi ali osiyanasiyana ntchito m'munda wa zamagetsi. Choyamba, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazida zamakono zamakono, monga zipangizo zoyankhulirana, makompyuta ndi zina zotero. Kuchulukana kwake komanso kukhazikika kwake kumapangitsa kuti zida izi zikwaniritse bwino zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira. Kachiwiri, pankhani yamagetsi yamagalimoto, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamakina amagetsi agalimoto, monga kuyenda, zosangalatsa ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwamagetsi pamagalimoto, ma board a PCB amitundu yambiri akhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, yawonetsanso ubwino wake wapadera pazinthu zachipatala, kuyang'anira mafakitale ndi zina zotero.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiyang'ane pa kupanga ndondomeko ya PCB iwiri wosanjikiza matabwa. Kupanga kwamakono kwa PCB nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola zamakina kuti apange mawonekedwe ozungulira pophimba chithunzicho pansalu yamkuwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yamankhwala kuwononga mbali zosafunikira. Njirayi imafunikira osati zida zolondola kwambiri, komanso kuwongolera mwamphamvu kuonetsetsa kuti gululo likuyenda bwino komanso kukhazikika. Pakukula kosalekeza kwa kupanga kwa PCB, njira zatsopano ndi zida zikupitilirabe, zomwe zimapereka chithandizo champhamvu pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
M'munda ntchito, PCB awiri wosanjikiza bolodi wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya zida zamagetsi. Kuchokera pamagetsi ogula zinthu kupita kuzinthu zamafakitale, kuchokera ku zipangizo zamankhwala kupita ku machitidwe oyankhulana, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwake kwamagetsi komanso kudalirika kwabwino kumapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunika kwambiri pazamagetsi zamakono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusinthasintha kwake kwapangidwe kumaperekanso mwayi wochuluka wa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni zamagulu osiyanasiyana a bolodi.
Komabe, ndi luso mosalekeza ndi zosiyanasiyana mankhwala pakompyuta, zofunika PCB awiri wosanjikiza matabwa nawonso akuwonjezeka. M'tsogolomu, tikhoza kuyembekezera mwayi wa kachulukidwe wapamwamba kwambiri ndi matabwa apamwamba a PCB awiri-wosanjikiza kuti akwaniritse zosowa za m'badwo watsopano wa zipangizo zamagetsi. Kupambana kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wapamwamba wazinthu ndi njira zopangira zopangira kudzalimbikitsa chitukuko chake motsata njira zowonda komanso zapamwamba, kutsegulira malo atsopano opanga zinthu zatsopano zamagetsi.
1. Tiyeni tikhale ndi kumvetsetsa mozama za dongosolo la 4-wosanjikiza PCB bolodi.
Bolodi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri za kondakitala wamkati ndi zigawo ziwiri za gawo lapansi lakunja. Wosanjikiza wamkati wamkati ali ndi udindo wolumikiza zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi kuti apange dera, pomwe gawo lakunja la gawo lapansi limagwira ntchito ngati chithandizo ndi kutchinjiriza. Mapangidwe awa amalola mainjiniya amagetsi kuti azitha kukonza magawo ozungulira mosinthika, kuwongolera kuphatikiza ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera.
2, mwayi wamapangidwe a bolodi la 4-wosanjikiza PCB ndikuchita kwake kwazizindikiro zodzipatula.
Wosanjikiza wamkati wamkati amasiyanitsidwa ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndikudzipatula bwino magawo osiyanasiyana azizindikiro. Kudzipatula kwa chizindikirochi ndikofunikira kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zovuta, makamaka pama frequency apamwamba komanso kachulukidwe kachulukidwe.Kupyolera mu kapangidwe koyenera ndi kapangidwe kagawo lamkati, gulu la 4-wosanjikiza PCB lingachepetse kusokoneza kwa ma sign, kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa dera, ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwa zida.
3, 4 wosanjikiza mawonekedwe a board a PCB amathandizanso kuti pakhale kutentha.
Zipangizo zamagetsi zimapanga kutentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo kutentha kwabwino n'kofunika kuti zipangizo zisamagwire bwino ntchito. Gulu la 4-wosanjikiza PCB limawonjezeranso njira yopangira matenthedwe powonjezera gawo lamkati la conductor, lomwe limathandizira kusamutsa ndikuchotsa kutentha. Izi zimathandiza kuti zipangizo zamagetsi zizikhala bwino ndi kutentha kokhazikika panthawi yogwira ntchito yolemetsa kwambiri, kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zipangizozo.
4, 4-wosanjikiza PCB board imachitanso bwino pankhani ya waya.
Wosanjikiza wamkati wamkati amalola kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ovuta komanso ophatikizika a wiring, kuchepetsa malo ozungulira dera. Izi ndizofunikira pakupanga zida zamagetsi zopepuka komanso zazing'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe ovuta a wiring amaperekanso mwayi wophatikizira ma modules osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito, kuti chipangizo chamagetsi chikhalebe chogwira ntchito mwamphamvu pamene chili chaching'ono.
Mapangidwe a board a PCB a 4-wosanjikiza amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri muukadaulo wamakono wamagetsi, ndipo mawonekedwe ake apadera amapangidwe amapereka kusinthasintha, kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kutulutsa kutentha kwa zida zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha sayansi ndi luso, tikhoza kuyembekezera 4-wosanjikiza matabwa PCB kusonyeza osiyanasiyana ntchito m'madera ambiri, kubweretsa nzeru zambiri ndi zotsogola ku uinjiniya zamagetsi.
Kuphatikizidwa, gulu la PCB lamitundu yambiri ngati gawo lofunikira paukadaulo wamakono wamagetsi, kapangidwe kake ndi kupanga kwake ndikofunikira. Mu gawo la mapangidwe a dera, zovuta ndi kachulukidwe ka dera ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Mu gawo lopangira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba komanso matekinoloje ndikusankha zida zoyenera. Mapulogalamu ake osiyanasiyana amakhudza magawo ambiri monga mauthenga, makompyuta, ndi magalimoto, kupereka maziko olimba a ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. M'tsogolomu, ndikukula kosalekeza kwa teknoloji yamagetsi, mapangidwe ake ndi kupanga kwake kudzapitirizabe kukumana ndi mavuto atsopano, koma kudzaperekanso malo ochulukirapo kuti apange zipangizo zamagetsi.
