Ponena za vuto la PCB ndi kuwononga vuto, lero sitilankhula za kuwunika kwa umphumphu (SI), kusanthula kwa electromagnetic (EMC), kusanthula kukhulupirika kwamphamvu (PE). Kungolankhula za kusanthula kopanga (dfm), mapangidwe osasinthika a kusinthika kumapangitsanso kulephera kwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
DFM wopambana mu katatu wa PCB imayamba ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo opangira ma dfm ofunikira a DFM. Malamulo a DFM omwe akuwonetsedwa pansipa amathandizira momwe mapangidwe amakono omwe opanga ambiri amatha kupeza. Onetsetsani kuti malire omwe akhazikitsidwa mu malamulo a PCB saphwanya kuti zoletsa zambiri zomwe zingakwaniritsidwe.
Vuto la DFM la ma PCB kukhazikika kwa pcb, ndipo malamulo oyenda amatha kukonzekera, kuphatikiza mabowo ophatikizika, ndi zina zowonjezera. Njira yokhathamiritsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi imachitika pa mawaya kuti iyikidwe koyamba, ndipo kukonzanso kumayesedwa kuti musinthe zotsatira zonse ndi kuchuluka kwa DFM.
Zida za 1.Smt
Chipangizochi cha chipangizocho chimakwaniritsa zofunikira za msonkhano, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndizambiri zokhala ndi zida zokweza, 80mil za zida za IC, ndi 200mi chifukwa cha zida za BGA. Pofuna kukonza mtundu ndi zokolola za kupanga, chipangizocho chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunika za msonkhano.
Nthawi zambiri, mtunda pakati pa mapiri a SMD a zikhomo zimenezo ayenera kukhala akulu kuposa 6mil, ndipo luso la msirikali wachiwembu ndi 4mil. Ngati mtunda pakati pa mapiri a SMD ndi ochepera 6mil ndipo mtunda pakati pa ulondawo sukuchepera 4mil, wogulitsidwayo sangathenso, makamaka pakati pa zikhomo, zomwe zingayambitse dera lalifupi.
Chida cha 2.dip
Chikhomo chowombera, kuwongolera ndi kukwera kwa zida zomwe zidagulitsidwa kuti zitheke. Kusakwanira kwa chitsimikiziro kwa chipangizocho kudzatsogolera kuning, komwe kumayambitsa dera lalifupi.
Opanga ambiri amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida za mzere (TSAMBseZA) kapena ayikeni mbali yomweyo ya bolodi. Komabe, zida pamzera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosapeweka. Pankhani yophatikiza, ngati chida cholumikizira chaintaneti chimayikidwa pamwamba pachosanjikiza chapamwamba ndipo chipangizocho chimayikidwa pansi, nthawi zina, zimakhudzanso ntchito imodzi. Pankhaniyi, njira zambiri zofunda, monga kusankha kuwotcha, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Mtunda pakati pa zigawozo ndi m'mphepete
Ngati ikuwotcherera, mtunda pakati pa zigawo zamagetsi ndi m'mphepete mwa board nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kwambiri.
Komabe, mphepete mwa mbaleyo imawombedwa, imatha kukumana ndi njanji yowongolera ndikuwononga zigawo. Chipangizocho padzenje pamphepete mwa mbaleyo ichotsedwa pazopanga. Ngati pad ndi yaying'ono, yotentha imakhudzidwa.
4.Koda za zinthu zapamwamba / zotsika
Pali mitundu yambiri yamagetsi yamagetsi, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, ndi mizere yosiyanasiyana, kotero pali kusiyana mu msonkhano wa mabodi osindikizidwa. Masankhidwe abwino sangangopanga makina okhazikika pamakina, umboni wankhusula, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka, komanso kumatha kupeza bwino komanso kokongola mkati mwa makinawo.
Zipangizo zazing'ono zimayenera kusungidwa patali pafupi ndi zida zapamwamba. Chigawo cha chipangizocho ndi chida chocheperako, pali funde lotentha losagwirizana, lomwe lingapangitse chiopsezo cha kuwotcherera kosauka kapena kukonza pambuyo potchedwe.
5.Device ku chipangizo chankhondo
Pakukonzekera kwakukulu, ndikofunikira kuganizira zolakwa zina pokhazikitsa makinawo, ndikuganiziranso bwino zoyeserera ndi zowoneka. Zida ziwiri zoyandikana siziyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndipo mtunda wina wotetezeka uyenera kusiyidwa.
Kutalikirana pakati pa zigawo za Flake, st, soti ndi flake zigawo ndi 1.25mm. Kutalikirana pakati pa zigawo za Flake, st, soti ndi flake zigawo ndi 1.25mm. 2.5mm pakati pa PLCC ndi Flake zigawo, soic ndi qfp. 4mm pakati pa PLCCS. Mukamapanga masiketi a PLCC, chisamaliro chimayenera kuloleza kukula kwa plac stucket (pini ya PLCCC ili mkati mwa zitsulo).
6.line mtunda / mtunda wautali
Kwa Opanga, pokonzekera, sitingangoganizira zolondola ndi ungwiro wazomwe zingafunikire, pali choletsa chachikulu chomwe chikupanga. Sizingatheke kuti fakitale ya board kuti ipange gawo latsopano lopanga chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa chinthu chabwino.
Munthawi zonse, mzera wam'manda umayendetsedwa mpaka 4 / 4mil, ndipo bowo limasankhidwa kukhala 8mil (0.2mm). Kwenikweni, oposa 80% a opanga PCB amatha kupanga, ndipo mtengo wopanga ndi wotsika kwambiri. Mtunda wocheperako komanso mtunda wa mzere ukhoza kulamulidwa mpaka 3 / 3mil, ndi 6mil (0.15mm) ikhoza kusankhidwa kudzera pa bowo. Kwenikweni, opanga ma pc oposa 70% amatha kutulutsa, koma mtengo wake umakwera pang'ono kuposa mlandu woyamba, osati wokwera kwambiri.
7.
Kuthyolako koopsa nthawi zambiri kumaletsedwa pamavuto, makongwa kumanja nthawi zambiri amafunikira kupewa zinthu mu PCB, ndipo yatsala pang'ono kukhala imodzi mwa mfundo zomwe mungayesere. Chifukwa kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro kumakhudzidwa, kulumikizidwa koyenera kumatulutsa ma parasitic owonjezera ndi malingaliro.
Pakukonzekera kwa PCB, kupanga mawaya a PCB kumalumikizana pachimake, chomwe chingapangitse vuto lotchedwa acid. Mu gawo la PCB yolumikizira ulalo, kutukula koopsa kwa dera la PCB lidzayambitsidwa pa "acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la PCB. Chifukwa chake, mainjiniya a PCB amafunika kupewa ngodya zakuthwa kapena zachilendo pakuwombera, ndikusunga ngodya 45 pakona ya chiwongola dzanja.
8.copper strop / chilumba
Ngati kuli mkuwa kwambiri pachilumba, kudzakhala mantenna, omwe angayambitse phokoso komanso kusokonezedwa kwina mkati mwa bolodi (chifukwa mkuwa wake ulibe - udzakhala wokhotakhota).
Zilumba zamkuwa ndi zisumbu zambiri ndi zamkuwa zambiri zoyandama, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu mu ufa. Mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amkuwa adziwika kuti amachotsa pagawo la PCB ndikuyenda kumadera ena okhazikika pagawoli, ndikupangitsa dera lalifupi.
9.hole mphete yobowola mabowo
Mphete yamphongo imatanthawuza mphete ya mkuwa kuzungulira bowo lobowola. Chifukwa chololera pakupanga, atatha kubowola, kuphatikizira, ndi mphete zamkuwa, zomwe zingapangitse kugunda kwa tambala bwino, komwe kumapangitsa kuti dzenjelo lizitha.
Mbali imodzi ya mphete yam'madzi iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 3.5mil, ndipo plugil-mphete iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 6mil. Mphete ya Bod ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Mukukonzekera ndi kupanga, dzenje lakubowo limalekerera komanso kuphatikizika kwa mzerewunso kumakhalanso kulolera. Kupatuka kwa kulekerera kudzayambitsa mphete yakuthyoleka.
10.
Kuphatikiza misozi ku PCB kumapangitsa kulumikizana kwa PCB kumapangitsa kuti dera likhale lokhazikika, kudalirika kwakukulu, kotero kuti makina azikhala okhazikika, motero ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pa bolodi la madera.
Kuphatikiza kwa madontho am'maso kumatha kupewa kusamvana kwa waya ndi waya kapena bowo loyendetsa ndege pomwe bolodi la madera limakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakunja. Mukamawonjezera madontho owotcherera, imatha kuteteza padyo, kupewa zowonjezera zingapo kuti padyo zitheke, ndipo pewani kuphatikizika ndi kuphatikizika ndi ming'alu yoyambitsidwa ndi vuto la bonga.
