Zida zozungulira zimadalira ma conductor apamwamba kwambiri ndi zida za dielectric kuti zilumikize zida zamakono zovuta kuti zigwire bwino ntchito. Komabe, monga kondakitala, awa PCB mkuwa conductors, kaya DC kapena mm Wave PCB matabwa, amafunika odana ndi ukalamba ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni chitetezo. Chitetezo ichi chingapezeke mwa mawonekedwe a electrolysis ndi zokutira zomiza. Nthawi zambiri amapereka mphamvu zowotcherera mosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti ngakhale ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono, phiri laling'ono laling'ono (SMT), ndi zina zotero, malo otsekemera amatha kupangidwa. Pali zokutira zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala pamwamba amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa PCB mkuwa conductors makampani. Kumvetsa makhalidwe ndi mtengo wachibale wa ❖ kuyanika ndi mankhwala pamwamba kumatithandiza kusankha koyenera kuti tikwaniritse ntchito apamwamba ndi moyo wautali utumiki wa matabwa PCB.
Kusankha komaliza kwa PCB si njira yosavuta yomwe imafuna kulingalira za cholinga cha PCB ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Mchitidwe wapano wa mabwalo odzaza kwambiri, otsika kwambiri, othamanga kwambiri a PCB ndi ma PCBS ang'onoang'ono, owonda, othamanga kwambiri amakhala ndi zovuta kwa opanga ma PCB ambiri. Mabwalo a PCB amapangidwa kudzera muzitsulo zolemera zosiyanasiyana zamkuwa ndi makulidwe omwe amaperekedwa kwa opanga PCB ndi opanga zinthu, monga Rogers, omwe amakonza ma laminates mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PCBS kuti agwiritse ntchito zamagetsi. Popanda mtundu wina wa chitetezo cha pamwamba, ma conductor pa dera adzakhala oxidize posungira. Conductor pamwamba chithandizo amachita ngati chotchinga kulekanitsa kondakitala ndi chilengedwe. Sikuti amangoteteza PCB kondakitala ku makutidwe ndi okosijeni, komanso amapereka mawonekedwe kwa mabwalo kuwotcherera ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo kutsogolera kugwirizana madera Integrated (ics).
Sankhani abwino PCB pamwamba
Chithandizo choyenera chapamwamba chiyenera kuthandizira kukwaniritsa ntchito ya dera la PCB komanso njira yopangira. Mtengo umasiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mtengo wazinthu zosiyanasiyana, njira zosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yomaliza yofunikira. Mankhwala ena apamwamba amalola kudalirika kwambiri komanso kudzipatula kwambiri kwa mabwalo oyenda mozungulira, pomwe ena amatha kupanga Milatho yosafunikira pakati pa ma conductor. Mankhwala ena apamtunda amakwaniritsa zofunikira zankhondo ndi zamlengalenga, monga kutentha, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, pomwe zina sizitsimikizira kudalirika kwakukulu kofunikira pamapulogalamuwa. Pansipa pali njira zina zochiritsira za PCB zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo kuyambira mabwalo a DC kupita ku ma millimeter-wave band ndi mabwalo othamanga kwambiri a digito (HSD):
●ENIG
●ENEPIG
●HASL
●Siliva Womiza
●Kumiza Tin
●LF HASL
● OSP
● Electrolytic gold gold
● Golide wofewa womangidwa ndi magetsi
1.ENIG
ENIG, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mankhwala a nickel-gold process, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza ma conductor board a PCB. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yotsika mtengo yomwe imapanga golide wonyezimira pamwamba pa faifi tambala pamwamba pa kondakitala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo athyathyathya okhala ndi luso la weld wabwino ngakhale pamabwalo odzaza kwambiri. Ngakhale njira ya ENIG imatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa electroplating (PTH), imawonjezeranso kutayika kwa conductor pafupipafupi. Njirayi imakhala ndi moyo wautali wosungirako, mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya RoHS, kuchokera ku makina opanga dera, kupita ku gawo la msonkhano, komanso chinthu chomaliza, chikhoza kupereka chitetezo cha nthawi yaitali kwa oyendetsa PCB, ambiri opanga PCB amasankha wamba pamwamba mankhwala.
2.ENEPIG
ENEPIG ndikukweza kwa njira ya ENIG powonjezera kagawo kakang'ono ka palladium pakati pa mankhwala a faifi tambala ndi golide. Palladium wosanjikiza amateteza nickel wosanjikiza (chomwe chimateteza kondakitala mkuwa), pamene golide wosanjikiza amateteza onse palladium ndi faifi tambala. Chithandizo chapamwambachi ndichabwino pazolumikizana ndi zida za PCB ndipo zimatha kuthana ndi njira zingapo zobwereranso. Monga ENIG, ENEPIG imagwirizana ndi RoHS.
3.Kumiza Siliva
Chemical silver sedimentation ndi njira yopanda electrolytic yomwe PCB imamizidwa kwathunthu mu njira ya ayoni yasiliva kuti imangirire siliva pamwamba pa mkuwa. Chophimba chotsatiracho chimakhala chokhazikika komanso chofanana kuposa ENIG, koma sichikhala ndi chitetezo ndi kulimba koperekedwa ndi nickel layer mu ENIG. Ngakhale njira yake yochizira pamwamba ndiyosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kuposa ENIG, siyoyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali ndi opanga madera.
4.Kumiza Tin
Njira zoyikamo ma Chemical tini zimapanga zokutira zopyapyala za malata pa kondakitala kudzera munjira zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kupukuta, kupukuta, kuyika asidi prepreg, kumizidwa kwa njira yopanda electrolytic tin leaching solution, ndikuyeretsa komaliza. Chithandizo cha malata chingapereke chitetezo chabwino chamkuwa ndi ma conductor, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mabwalo a HSD awonongeke. Tsoka ilo, malata omizidwa ndi mankhwala si amodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amakhala kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa cha momwe malata amakhudzira mkuwa pakapita nthawi (mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwachitsulo chimodzi kukhala china kumachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kwa kondakitala wozungulira). Monga siliva wamankhwala, malata a mankhwala ndi njira yopanda lead, yogwirizana ndi RoHs.
5.OSP
Kanema woteteza organic welding (OSP) ndi chotchingira chopanda chitsulo chomwe chimakutidwa ndi yankho lamadzi. Kumaliza uku kumagwirizananso ndi RoHS. Komabe, mankhwalawa pamwamba alibe alumali moyo wautali ndipo bwino ntchito pamaso dera ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi welded kwa PCB. Posachedwapa, nembanemba zatsopano za OSP zawonekera pamsika, zomwe akukhulupirira kuti zimatha kupereka chitetezo chanthawi yayitali kwa oyendetsa.
6.Electrolytic golidi wolimba
Chithandizo cha golide wolimba ndi njira ya electrolytic yogwirizana ndi njira ya RoHS, yomwe imatha kuteteza PCB ndi cokondakita yamkuwa ku okosijeni kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zipangizo, imakhalanso imodzi mwa zokutira zodula kwambiri. Ilinso ndi kuwotcherera pang'ono, kuwotcherera pang'ono pomangirira chithandizo cha golide wofewa, ndipo imagwirizana ndi RoHS ndipo imatha kupereka malo abwino kuti chipangizocho chigwirizane ndi ma PCB.
