Kupewa mabowo pakuyika ndi kuwotcherera kumaphatikizapo kuyesa njira zatsopano zopangira ndikuwunika zotsatira. Plating ndi kuwotcherera voids zambiri zizindikirika zifukwa, monga mtundu wa solder phala kapena kubowola pobowola ntchito popanga. Opanga PCB atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zofunika kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kumeneku.

1.Sinthani kutentha kwa reflux

Imodzi mwa njira zopewera kuwotcherera mabowo ndikusintha malo ovuta a reflux curve. Kupereka magawo osiyanasiyana a nthawi kumatha kuonjezera kapena kuchepetsa mwayi wopanga voids. Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe abwino okhotakhota ndikofunikira kuti muteteze bwino pabowo.

Choyamba, yang'anani pa Zikhazikiko zamakono za nthawi yofunda. Yesani kuwonjezera kutentha kwa preheating kapena kukulitsa nthawi yotenthetsera ya reflux curve. Mabowo a solder amatha kupanga chifukwa cha kutentha kosakwanira mu preheating zone, choncho gwiritsani ntchito njirazi kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.

Kutentha kofanana ndi komwe kumachititsanso kuti pakhale ma welded voids. Short akuwukha nthawi mwina kulola zigawo zonse ndi madera a bolodi kufika kutentha koyenera. Yesetsani kulola nthawi yowonjezereka ya gawo ili la reflux curve.

2.Gwiritsani ntchito kusinthasintha kochepa

Kuthamanga kwambiri kumatha kukulirakulira ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwotcherera. Vuto lina lolumikizana ndi patsekeke: flux degassing. Ngati kutulutsako sikukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yochotsa gasi, gasi wochulukirapo adzatsekeredwa ndipo kusowa kumapangidwa.

Pamene kusinthasintha kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa PCB, nthawi yofunikira kuti madziwo athetsedwe kwathunthu amawonjezedwa. Pokhapokha mutawonjezera nthawi yowonjezereka, kuwonjezereka kowonjezereka kumabweretsa ma weld voids.

Ngakhale kuwonjezera nthawi yochepetsera mpweya kumatha kuthetsa vutoli, ndizothandiza kwambiri kumamatira ku kuchuluka kwa kusinthasintha kofunikira. Izi zimapulumutsa mphamvu ndi chuma ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ziwalozo zikhale zoyera.

3.Gwiritsani ntchito zobowola zakuthwa zokha

Chomwe chimachititsa kuti maenje azibowola ndi osauka poboola maenje. Kubowola kosaoneka bwino kungapangitse kuti zinyalala zipangike pobowola. Zidutswazi zikamamatira ku PCB, zimapanga malo opanda kanthu omwe sangakutidwe ndi mkuwa. Izi zimasokoneza conductivity, khalidwe ndi kudalirika.

Opanga amatha kuthana ndi vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoboola zakuthwa komanso zakuthwa. Khazikitsani dongosolo losasinthika lakunola kapena kusintha mabowola, monga kotala. Kukonzekera kotereku kudzaonetsetsa kuti kubowola kosasinthasintha kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa zinyalala.

4.Yesani ma template osiyanasiyana

Mapangidwe a ma template omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsanso amatha kuthandizira kapena kulepheretsa kupewa ma voids owotcherera. Tsoka ilo, palibe yankho lachinthu chimodzi lokwanira pazosankha zopanga ma template. Mapangidwe ena amagwira ntchito bwino ndi phala la solder, flux, kapena PCB mitundu. Zitha kutenga kuyesa ndi kulakwitsa kuti mupeze kusankha mtundu wina wa bolodi.

Kupeza bwino makonzedwe a template kumafunika kuyesa kwabwino. Opanga ayenera kupeza njira yoyezera ndi kusanthula zotsatira za mapangidwe a formwork pa voids.

Njira yodalirika yochitira izi ndikupanga gulu la PCBS ndi kapangidwe kake ka template ndikuwunika bwino. Ma tempulo angapo osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchita izi. Kuyang'anira kuyenera kuwulula kuti ndi mitundu iti ya formwork yomwe ili ndi mabowo ambiri.

Chida chofunikira pakuwunika ndi makina a X-ray. Ma X-ray ndi njira imodzi yopezera ma voids otsekedwa ndipo imakhala yothandiza kwambiri pochita ndi PCBS yaying'ono, yodzaza kwambiri. Kukhala ndi makina osavuta a X-ray kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yoyendera ikhale yosavuta komanso yothandiza kwambiri.

5.Kuchepetsa kubowola

Kuphatikiza pa kukhwima kwa pang'ono, kuthamanga kwa kubowola kudzakhudzanso kwambiri khalidwe la plating. Ngati liwiro laling'ono ndilokwera kwambiri, limachepetsa kulondola ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopanga zinyalala. Kuthamanga kwambiri pobowola kumatha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kusweka kwa PCB, ndikuwopseza kukhulupirika kwadongosolo.

Ngati mabowo mu zokutira akadali ofala pambuyo pakunola kapena kusintha pang'ono, yesani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kubowola. Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kumapatsa nthawi yochulukirapo kupanga, kuyeretsa pamabowo.

Kumbukirani kuti njira zopangira zachikhalidwe sizosankha lero. Ngati kuyendetsa bwino ndikuyendetsa mitengo yoboola kwambiri, kusindikiza kwa 3D kungakhale chisankho chabwino. PCBS yosindikizidwa ya 3D imapangidwa mwaluso kuposa njira zachikhalidwe, koma molondola kapena kupitilira apo. Kusankha PCB yosindikizidwa ya 3D sikungafune kubowola mabowo konse.

6.Stick ku phala lapamwamba la solder

Ndikwachilengedwe kufunafuna njira zopulumutsira ndalama popanga PCB. Tsoka ilo, kugula solder phala yotsika mtengo kapena yotsika kumatha kuwonjezera mwayi wopanga ma weld voids.

The katundu mankhwala osiyanasiyana solder phala mitundu amakhudza ntchito yawo ndi mmene amachitira ndi PCB pa ndondomeko reflux. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito solder phala yomwe ilibe lead imatha kuchepa pakuzizira.

Kusankha phala lapamwamba kwambiri la solder kumafuna kuti mumvetsetse zosowa za PCB ndi template yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Phala la solder lalitali likhala lovuta kulowa mu template yokhala ndi kabowo kakang'ono.

Zitha kukhala zothandiza kuyesa ma solder osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi ndikuyesa ma tempulo osiyanasiyana. Kutsindika kumayikidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la mpira asanu kuti musinthe kukula kwa template kuti phala la solder lifanane ndi template. Lamuloli likunena kuti opanga azigwiritsa ntchito formwork yokhala ndi ma apertures ofunikira kuti agwirizane ndi mipira isanu ya solder phala. Lingaliro ili limathandizira njira yopangira masinthidwe a ma template osiyanasiyana kuti ayesedwe.

7.Reduce solder phala makutidwe ndi okosijeni

Oxidation ya solder phala nthawi zambiri imachitika pakakhala mpweya wambiri kapena chinyezi m'malo opangira. Oxidation yokha imawonjezera mwayi wa voids kupanga, komanso imasonyeza kuti mpweya wochuluka kapena chinyezi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha voids. Kuthetsa ndi kuchepetsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni kumathandiza kuti voids zisapangike ndikuwongolera mtundu wa PCB.

Choyamba onani mtundu wa solder phala ntchito. Madzi sungunuka solder phala makamaka sachedwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakwanira kusinthasintha kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha okosijeni. Zoonadi, kusinthasintha kwakukulu kumakhalanso vuto, kotero opanga ayenera kupeza bwino. Komabe, ngati makutidwe ndi okosijeni achitika, kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa kusinthasintha kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.

Opanga PCB amatha kuchitapo kanthu kuti ateteze mabowo opaka ndi kuwotcherera pazinthu zamagetsi. Voids zimakhudza kudalirika, ntchito ndi khalidwe. Mwamwayi, kuchepetsa mwayi wopanga voids ndikosavuta monga kusintha phala la solder kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe katsopano ka stencil.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesa-check-analyse, wopanga aliyense atha kupeza ndikuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvana munjira za reflux ndi plating.