Monga momwe masitolo a hardware amafunikira kuyang'anira ndi kusonyeza misomali ndi zomangira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, metric, chuma, kutalika, m'lifupi ndi phula, ndi zina zotero, mapangidwe a PCB amafunikanso kuyang'anira zinthu zapangidwe monga mabowo, makamaka pamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri. Mapangidwe achikhalidwe a PCB atha kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo ochepa chabe, koma mapangidwe amakono olumikizana kwambiri (HDI) amafunikira mabowo amitundu yambiri ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Bowo lililonse lachiphaso liyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera, kuwonetsetsa kuti bolodi ikuyenda bwino komanso kuti palibe zolakwika. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momveka bwino za kufunika kowongolera mabowo akuchulukirachulukira pamapangidwe a PCB ndi momwe mungakwaniritsire izi.

Zinthu zomwe zimayendetsa mapangidwe apamwamba a PCB 

Pamene kufunikira kwa zipangizo zamagetsi zing'onozing'ono kukukulirakulira, matabwa osindikizira omwe amayendetsa zipangizozi ayenera kuchepa kuti agwirizane nazo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zowonjezera ntchito, zipangizo zamagetsi ziyenera kuwonjezera zipangizo zambiri ndi mabwalo pa bolodi. Kukula kwa zida za PCB kukucheperachepera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mapini kukuchulukirachulukira, kotero muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zing'onozing'ono ndi malo oyandikira kuti mupange, zomwe zimapangitsa vutoli kukhala lovuta kwambiri. Kwa opanga PCB, izi ndizofanana ndi thumba lomwe limakhala laling'ono komanso locheperako, pomwe likugwira zinthu zambiri momwemo. Traditional njira kamangidwe bolodi dera mwamsanga kufika malire awo.

Kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kowonjezera mabwalo ambiri ku bolodi yaying'ono, njira yatsopano yopangira PCB inayamba kukhala - high-density Interconnect, kapena HDI. Mapangidwe a HDI amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba kwambiri zopangira ma board board, mizere yaying'ono, zida zocheperako, ndi ma microholes akhungu ndi okwiriridwa kapena obowoleredwa ndi laser. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apamwambawa, mabwalo ambiri amatha kuyikidwa pa bolodi yaying'ono ndikupereka njira yolumikizira yolumikizira ma pini ambiri ophatikizika.

Pali maubwino ena angapo ogwiritsira ntchito mabowo olimba kwambiri awa: 

Mawaya njira:Popeza mabowo akhungu ndi okwiriridwa ndi ma microholes samalowa mumtengo wosanjikiza, izi zimapanga mawaya owonjezera pamapangidwewo. Poyika mabowo osiyanasiyanawa, opanga amatha kuyatsa ma waya ndi mapini mazanamazana. Ngati mabowo angogwiritsidwa ntchito, zida zokhala ndi mapini ambiri nthawi zambiri zimatsekereza mawaya onse amkati.

Kukhulupirika kwa Signal:Zizindikiro zambiri pazida zing'onozing'ono zamagetsi zimakhalanso ndi zofunikira zenizeni za umphumphu wa chizindikiro, ndipo kupyolera m'mabowo sakukwaniritsa zofunikira zapangidwe. Mabowowa amatha kupanga tinyanga, kuyambitsa mavuto a EMI, kapena kukhudza njira yobwerera kwa ma network ovuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kapena ma microholes kumathetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mabowo.

Kuti timvetsetse bwino mabowowa, tiyeni tiwone mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabowo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapangidwe amphamvu kwambiri komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.

Mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka mabowo olumikizana kwambiri 

Bowo lodutsa ndi bowo pa bolodi lozungulira lomwe limalumikiza zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo. Kawirikawiri, dzenjelo limatumiza chizindikiro chonyamulidwa ndi dera kuchokera ku gulu limodzi la bolodi kupita ku dera lolingana ndi gawo lina. Pofuna kuchititsa zizindikiro pakati pa zigawo za mawaya, mabowowo amapangidwa ndizitsulo panthawi yopanga. Malinga ndi ntchito yeniyeni, kukula kwa dzenje ndi pedi ndizosiyana. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawaya, pomwe mabowo okulirapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi ndi mawaya apansi, kapena kuthandiza zida zotenthetsera kutentha.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabowo pa bolodi lozungulira

kudutsa-dzenje

Kupyolera-bowo ndi njira yodutsamo yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pama board osindikizira a mbali ziwiri kuyambira pomwe idayambitsidwa. Mabowo amabowoleredwa mwamakina kudzera pa bolodi lonse ladera ndipo amapangidwa ndi electroplated. Komabe, chobowola chocheperako chomwe chikhoza kubowoleredwa ndi kubowola kwa makina chimakhala ndi zolephera zina, kutengera gawo la chiwopsezo cha m'mimba mwake mpaka makulidwe a mbale. Nthawi zambiri, kubowo kwa dzenje sikuchepera 0.15 mm.

Bowo lakhungu:

Mofanana ndi mabowo, mabowo amabowoledwa ndi makina, koma ndi masitepe ambiri opangira, gawo limodzi lokha la mbale limabowoleredwa kuchokera pamwamba. Mabowo akhungu amakumananso ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa kukula pang'ono; Koma kutengera mbali ya bolodi yomwe tili, titha kuyatsa mawaya pamwamba kapena pansi pa dzenje lakhungu.

Bowo lokwiriridwa:

Mabowo okwiriridwa, ngati mabowo akhungu, amabowoleredwa mwamakani, koma amayamba ndi kutha mkati mwa bolodi osati pamwamba. Kupyolerako uku kumafunikanso njira zowonjezera zopangira chifukwa chofunika kuyikidwa muzitsulo za mbale.

Micropore

Kubowola kumeneku kumachotsedwa ndi laser ndipo pobowolo ndi ochepera 0.15 mm malire a kubowola kwa makina. Chifukwa ma microholes amangoyang'ana magawo awiri oyandikana ndi bolodi, kuchuluka kwake kumapangitsa kuti mabowowo azikhala ochepa kwambiri. Ma Microholes amathanso kuyikidwa pamwamba kapena mkati mwa bolodi. Ma microholes nthawi zambiri amadzazidwa ndikukutidwa, obisika, motero amatha kuyikidwa pamipira yogulitsira zinthu monga mipira ya grid arrays (BGA). Chifukwa cha kabowo kakang'ono, pad yofunikira pa microhole ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa dzenje wamba, pafupifupi 0.300 mm.

Malingana ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabowo imatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti igwire ntchito limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ma micropores amatha kusungidwa ndi ma micropores ena, komanso mabowo okwiriridwa. Mabowowa amathanso kugwedezeka. Monga tanena kale, ma microholes amatha kuyikidwa m'mapadi okhala ndi zikhomo zokwera pamwamba. Vuto lakusokonekera kwa mawaya kumachepetsedwanso chifukwa chosowa njira yachikhalidwe kuchokera pamwamba pa mount pad kupita ku fan.