Nthawi zambiri timafanizira kristalo oscillator ndi mtima wa dera la digito, chifukwa ntchito yonse ya digito ya digito ndi yosalekanitsidwa ndi chizindikiro cha wotchi, ndipo crystal oscillator imayendetsa mwachindunji dongosolo lonse. Ngati kristalo oscillator sichigwira ntchito, dongosolo lonselo lidzakhala lopuwala, kotero kuti crystal oscillator ndiyofunika kuti dera la digito liyambe kugwira ntchito.
The crystal oscillator, monga momwe timanenera nthawi zambiri, ndi quartz crystal oscillator ndi quartz crystal resonator. Onsewa amapangidwa ndi mphamvu ya piezoelectric ya makhiristo a quartz. Kuyika gawo lamagetsi pamaelekitirodi awiri a kristalo wa quartz kumapangitsa kuti kristaloyo ikhale yosinthika, pomwe kukakamiza kwamakina mbali zonse kumapangitsa kuti magetsi azichitika mu kristalo. Ndipo zochitika zonse ziwirizi ndi zosinthika. Pogwiritsa ntchito malowa, ma voliyumu osinthika amayikidwa mbali zonse za kristalo ndipo chowotcha chimagwedezeka mwamakina, komanso kupanga minda yamagetsi mosinthasintha. Kugwedezeka kwamtunduwu ndi gawo lamagetsi nthawi zambiri limakhala laling'ono, koma pafupipafupi, matalikidwe amawonjezeka kwambiri, omwe ndi piezoelectric resonance, ofanana ndi LC loop resonance yomwe timawona.
Monga mtima wozungulira digito, kodi crystal oscillator imagwira ntchito bwanji pazinthu zanzeru? Kunyumba kwanzeru monga zowongolera mpweya, makatani, chitetezo, kuyang'anira ndi zinthu zina, zonse zimafunikira gawo lotumizira opanda zingwe, kudzera pa Bluetooth, WIFI kapena ZIGBEE protocol, gawo kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, kapena mwachindunji kudzera pa foni yam'manja, ndi gawo lopanda zingwe ndilo gawo lalikulu, lomwe limakhudza kukhazikika kwa dongosolo lonse, choncho sankhani dongosolo kuti mugwiritse ntchito crystal oscillator. Zimatsimikizira kupambana kapena kulephera kwa mabwalo a digito.
Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa crystal oscillator mumayendedwe a digito, tiyenera kusamala tikamagwiritsa ntchito ndikupanga:
1. Pali makristasi a quartz mu crystal oscillator, omwe ndi osavuta kusokoneza kristalo wa quartz ndi kuwonongeka pamene akhudzidwa kapena kugwetsedwa ndi kunja, ndiyeno crystal oscillator sangathe kugwedezeka. Choncho, kukhazikitsidwa kodalirika kwa kristalo oscillator kuyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga dera, ndipo malo ake sayenera kukhala pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa mbale ndi chipolopolo cha zida momwe zingathere.
2. Samalani kutentha kwa kuwotcherera pamene kuwotcherera ndi dzanja kapena makina. Kugwedezeka kwa Crystal kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kutentha kwa kuwotcherera sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yotentha iyenera kukhala yayifupi momwe mungathere.
Kapangidwe koyenera ka crystal oscillator kumatha kupondereza kusokoneza kwa ma radiation.
1. Kufotokozera kwavuto
Chogulitsacho ndi kamera yakumunda, yomwe ili ndi magawo asanu mkati: bolodi lowongolera, bolodi la sensor, kamera, SD memory memory ndi batire. Chigobacho ndi chipolopolo cha pulasitiki, ndipo bolodi yaying'ono imakhala ndi mawonekedwe awiri okha: mawonekedwe amphamvu akunja a DC5V ndi mawonekedwe a USB otumizira deta. Pambuyo pakuyesa kwa radiation, zidapezeka kuti pali vuto la radiation ya 33MHz ya harmonic.
Zoyeserera zoyambilira zili motere:
2. Ganizirani vutolo
Chipolopolo chopangidwa ndi chipolopolo cha pulasitiki, zinthu zosatchingira, kuyesa konse chingwe chamagetsi ndi chingwe cha USB kuchokera pachipolopolo, kodi ndizomwe zimasokoneza pafupipafupi zimawunikiridwa ndi chingwe chamagetsi ndi chingwe cha USB? Chifukwa chake, njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa kuyesa:
(1) Onjezani mphete ya maginito pa chingwe cha mphamvu, zotsatira zoyesa: kusintha sikukuwonekera;
(2) Ingowonjezerani mphete ya maginito pa chingwe cha USB, zotsatira zoyesa: kuwongolera sikukuwonekerabe;
(3) Onjezani mphete ya maginito ku chingwe cha USB ndi chingwe cha mphamvu, zotsatira zoyesa: kuwongolera kumaonekera, kusokoneza kwafupipafupi kunachepa.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pamwambapa kuti ma frequency osokoneza amatulutsidwa kuchokera kumitundu iwiri, yomwe sivuto la mawonekedwe amagetsi kapena mawonekedwe a USB, koma ma frequency osokoneza amkati ophatikizidwa ndi ma interfaces awiri. Kuteteza mawonekedwe amodzi okha sikungathetse vutoli.
Kupyolera muyeso wapafupi ndi munda, zimapezeka kuti crystal oscillator ya 32.768KHz yochokera ku core control board imapanga ma radiation amphamvu, omwe amapanga zingwe zozungulira ndi GND kuphatikiza phokoso la 32.768KHz, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndikuwulutsidwa kudzera pa chingwe cha USB ndi mawonekedwe. chingwe chamagetsi. Mavuto a crystal oscillator amayamba ndi mavuto awiri awa:
(1) Kugwedezeka kwa kristalo kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi m'mphepete mwa mbale, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kutsogolera phokoso la radiation ya crystal vibration.
(2) Pali mzere chizindikiro pansi pa galasi oscillator, amene n'zosavuta kutsogolera kwa harmonic phokoso la mzere chizindikiro lumikiza galasi oscillator.
(3) Zosefera zimayikidwa pansi pa kristalo oscillator, ndipo fyuluta capacitor ndi kukana kofananira sizimakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo azizindikiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kusefa kwa chinthu chosefera kuipiraipira.
3, yankho
Malinga ndi kusanthula, njira zotsatirazi zimapezedwa:
(1) Kuthekera kwa fyuluta ndi kukana kofananira kwa kristalo pafupi ndi chipangizo cha CPU kumayikidwa kutali ndi m'mphepete mwa bolodi;
(2) Kumbukirani kuti musakhazikike pansi pamalo oyika makristalo ndi malo owonetsera pansipa;
(3) Kuthekera kwa fyuluta ndi kukana kofananira kwa kristalo kumakonzedwa molingana ndi mayendedwe azizindikiro, ndikuyikidwa bwino komanso kophatikizika pafupi ndi kristalo;
(4) Krustalo imayikidwa pafupi ndi chip, ndipo mzere pakati pa ziwirizi ndi waufupi komanso wowongoka momwe mungathere.
4. Mapeto
Masiku ano ambiri kachitidwe galasi oscillator wotchi pafupipafupi, kusokoneza harmonic mphamvu ndi wamphamvu; Kusokoneza ma harmonics sikuti kumangoperekedwa kuchokera ku mizere yolowera ndi kutulutsa, komanso kumachokera ku danga. Ngati masanjidwewo sali omveka, ndikosavuta kuyambitsa vuto lamphamvu la radiation, ndipo ndizovuta kuthana ndi njira zina. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri pamasanjidwe a crystal oscillator ndi mzere wamawu wa CLK mu board ya PCB.
Dziwani pa mapangidwe a PCB a crystal oscillator
(1) Coupling capacitor iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi pini yamagetsi ya crystal oscillator momwe zingathere. Udindo uyenera kuyikidwa mwadongosolo: molingana ndi njira yolowera mphamvu yolowera, capacitor yokhala ndi mphamvu yaying'ono iyenera kuyikidwa mwadongosolo kuyambira yayikulu mpaka yaying'ono.
(2) Chigoba cha kristalo oscillator chiyenera kukhala pansi, chomwe chimatha kutulutsa kristalo oscillator kunja, ndipo chingatetezenso kusokoneza kwa zizindikiro zakunja pa kristalo oscillator.
(3) Osayika mawaya pansi pa kristalo oscillator kuti muwonetsetse kuti pansi ndi yokutidwa kwathunthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, musati mawaya mkati mwa 300mil ya crystal oscillator, kuti muteteze oscillator ya kristalo kuti isasokoneze ntchito ya mawaya ena, zipangizo ndi zigawo.
(4) Mzere wa chizindikiro cha wotchi uyenera kukhala waufupi momwe ungathere, mzerewo ukhale wokulirapo, ndipo malire ayenera kupezeka muutali wa waya komanso kutali ndi gwero la kutentha.
(5) Oscillator wa kristalo sayenera kuyikidwa pamphepete mwa bolodi la PCB, makamaka pamapangidwe a bolodi.
