Pamaso kupanga kusindikizidwa dera bolodi, m'pofunika kudziwa ngati ntchito limodzi wosanjikiza kapena Mipikisano wosanjikiza PCB. Mitundu yonse ya mapangidwe ndi yofala. Ndiye ndi mtundu uti womwe uli woyenera pulojekiti yanu? Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, bolodi yokhala ndi gawo limodzi ili ndi gawo limodzi lokha la zinthu zoyambira, zomwe zimatchedwanso gawo lapansi, pomwe PCB ya multilayer ili ndi zigawo zingapo.

Ubwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa osanjikiza amodzi
Ma board a single-sayer nthawi zina amatchedwa matabwa ambali imodzi. Nthawi zambiri, pali zigawo mbali imodzi ya bolodi ndi zotsalira zamkuwa mbali inayo. Bolodi limodzi lokhala ndi gawo loyambira, chitsulo chosanjikiza, ndi chigoba choteteza cha solder. Mafilimu ndi mawonekedwe a silika.

01
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa single-wosanjikiza PCB

Ubwino: mtengo wotsika, kapangidwe kosavuta ndi kupanga, nthawi yayitali yoperekera
Zoipa: Kwa mapulojekiti ovuta, makamaka pamene chiwerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu, ngati kukula kwake kuli kochepa, gulu limodzi silingathe kugwira ntchito yocheperapo, kukula kwakukulu, ndi kulemera kwakukulu.
02
Single layer PCB ntchito

Gulu limodzi lakhala chisankho chokondedwa pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupanga. Ngakhale kuti matabwa amitundu yambiri akuchulukirachulukira monga momwe teknoloji yamagetsi imakhala yovuta kwambiri, matabwa amtundu umodzi amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amawonekera pazida zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito imodzi ndipo sizifunika kusungira zambiri kapena kupeza maukonde.
Ma PCB osanjikiza amodzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zazing'ono zapakhomo (monga makina a khofi). Ndiwo PCB omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzowerengera zambiri, mawailesi, osindikiza ndi magetsi a LED. Zida zosungirako zosavuta monga zoyendetsa-boma nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma PCB a mbali imodzi, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zigawo monga magetsi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masensa.

Ubwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa amitundu yambiri
Ma PCB amitundu ingapo amapangidwa ndi matabwa atatu kapena kupitilira apo omwe ali ndi mbali ziwiri pamwamba pa mzake. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zigawo za gulu la multilayer nthawi zambiri kumakhala magawo angapo, pakati pa 4 ndi 12 zigawo. Bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito masanjidwe angapo? Chifukwa chiwerengero chosamvetseka cha zigawo chidzabweretsa mavuto monga warpage ndi kupotoza pambuyo kuwotcherera.
Pali zitsulo zopangira mbali zonse za gawo lapansi lililonse pa bolodi la multilayer. Chomatira chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza matabwawa palimodzi, ndipo pakati pa bolodi pali zinthu zoteteza. Pamphepete mwakunja kwa bolodi la multilayer ndi chigoba cha solder.
Ma board a Multilayer amagwiritsa ntchito mabowo kuti magawo osiyanasiyana azilumikizana. Kudzera m'mabowo nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:
Kupyolera mu dzenje: kupyolera mu chigawo chilichonse cha bolodi;
bowo lakhungu: kulumikiza wosanjikiza wakunja ndi wosanjikiza wamkati;
Kukwiriridwa kudzera: Lumikizani zigawo ziwiri zamkati, ndipo sizingawonekere kunja.

01
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa multilayer PCB

Ubwino: wokhoza kugwira ntchito zovuta kwambiri, khalidwe lapamwamba, mphamvu zazikulu, mphamvu zazikulu zogwirira ntchito komanso kuthamanga mofulumira, kukhazikika kwamphamvu, kukula kochepa ndi kulemera kwake.
Zoyipa: mtengo wokwera, mapangidwe ovuta komanso kupanga, nthawi yayitali yobweretsera, kukonza zovuta.

02
Pulogalamu ya Multilayer PCB

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, ma PCB amitundu yambiri achulukanso. Zipangizo zamakono zambiri masiku ano zimakhala ndi ntchito zovuta komanso zazing'ono, choncho zigawo zingapo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu awo ozungulira.
Magulu osindikizira a Multilayer amawonekera m'magawo ambiri apakompyuta, kuphatikiza ma boardboard ndi ma seva. Kuchokera pa laputopu ndi mapiritsi mpaka mafoni anzeru ndi mawotchi anzeru. Mafoni anzeru nthawi zambiri amafunikira magawo 12. Zogulitsa zina sizovuta ngati mafoni anzeru, koma ndizovuta kwambiri pama board osindikizidwa ambali imodzi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo 4 mpaka 8. Monga uvuni wa microwave ndi ma air conditioners.
Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kudalirika, kukula kwazing'ono ndi mapangidwe opepuka omwe amafunidwa ndi zipangizo zamankhwala, amatha kuthamanga pa bolodi lokhala ndi zigawo zoposa zitatu. Ma board osindikizira a Multilayer amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina a X-ray, oyang'anira mtima, zida zojambulira CAT ndi ntchito zina zambiri.
Makampani opanga magalimoto ndi ndege akugwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala zolimba komanso zopepuka, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma board a multilayer. Zigawozi ziyenera kupirira kuvala, kutentha kwakukulu ndi zina zovuta. Makompyuta apa board, ma GPS, masensa a injini, ndi ma switch a nyali nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma board a multilayer.

Momwe mungadziwire kufunika kwa single-wosanjikiza kapena Mipikisano wosanjikiza PCB
Kuti mudziwe ngati polojekiti yanu ikufuna gulu limodzi kapena gulu losindikizidwa la multilayer, muyenera kuganizira zosowa za polojekitiyi ndi mtundu woyenera kwambiri. Dzifunseni mafunso asanu otsatirawa:
1. Ndi mulingo wanji wa magwiridwe antchito omwe ndikufunika? Ngati ndizovuta kwambiri, magawo angapo angafunike.
2. Kodi kukula kwakukulu kwa bolodi ndi kotani? Ma board a Multilayer amatha kugwira ntchito zambiri pamalo ang'onoang'ono.
3. Kodi kulimba kumapatsidwa patsogolo? Ngati ndi choncho, gwiritsani ntchito zigawo zingapo.
4. Kodi bajeti yanga ndi yotani? Kuti mukhale ndi bajeti yochepa, matabwa amtundu umodzi amagwira ntchito bwino.
5. Kodi ndikufunika PCB posachedwa bwanji? Poyerekeza ndi matabwa oyendera ma multilayer osindikizidwa, ma board ozungulira osanjikiza amodzi amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotsogolera.