M'makampani amasiku ano amagalimoto, njira zosinthira makonda zamagalimoto a PCB zakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa luso laukadaulo. Mayankho osinthidwawa samangokwaniritsa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagalimoto, komanso zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kudalirika kwazinthu. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungasinthire makonda amtundu wa PCB wamagalimoto olondola kwambiri komanso momwe amapangira tsogolo la makina amakono apakompyuta.
1. Kufunika kwa mapangidwe makonda
Njira yosinthira makonda kwambiri yamagalimoto a PCB imawonekera koyamba pakutha kwake kupanga makonda malinga ndi mitundu yamagalimoto ndi zofunikira zamakina. Popeza opanga magalimoto osiyanasiyana ndi zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana ndi zofunika wapadera kwa kukula, masanjidwe ndi magwiridwe a matabwa dera, makonda PCB kamangidwe akhoza kuonetsetsa kuti chigawo chilichonse akhoza mwangwiro woyenera chilengedwe ntchito, potero kuwongolera kusakanikirana ndi dzuwa la dongosolo lonse.
2. Kusankha zinthu ndi kulimba
Chimodzi mwazovuta zomwe ma PCB amagalimoto amakumana nazo ndikuti amayenera kugwira ntchito mokhazikika m'malo ovuta, kuphatikiza kutentha kwambiri, kusintha kwa chinyezi, komanso kugwedezeka kwamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, chidwi chapadera chidzaperekedwa pakusankhidwa kwa zida zomwe zili munjira yokhazikika, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira ndi zigawo zokhala ndi mkuwa zomwe sizimatentha kwambiri, zolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso zida zowonjezera mphamvu zamakina kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukhazikika.
3. Fine processing luso
Kuti mukwaniritse masanjidwe apamwamba kwambiri, njira zopangira zapamwamba ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ukadaulo monga kujambula kwa laser direct imaging (LDI), kubowola mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi ma etching abwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayankho osinthidwa makonda. Amatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera molondola kwamlingo wa micron ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zamakina ovuta amagetsi olumikizirana kwambiri komanso miniaturization.
4. Kuwongolera khalidwe labwino
Miyezo yabwino pamsika wamagalimoto ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo cholakwika chilichonse chingakhale ndi zotsatira zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, njira yosinthira makonda a PCB yamagalimoto apamwamba kwambiri imaphatikizansopo njira yoyendetsera bwino kwambiri, kuyambira pakuwunika kwazinthu zopangira mpaka kuyezetsa komaliza, sitepe iliyonse imatsata miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zofunikira zamakasitomala kuti zitsimikizire kuti ziro zolakwika pazomaliza.
5. Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kukhazikika
Pomwe kuzindikira kwapadziko lonse lapansi zachitetezo cha chilengedwe kukuchulukirachulukira, mayankho olondola kwambiri agalimoto a PCB akuchulukirachulukira pakuteteza chilengedwe komanso kukhazikika. Kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wopanda lead kapena wocheperako, inki ya solder yosinthika, komanso kukhathamiritsa njira yopangira kuti muchepetse kutulutsa zinyalala ndizofunika kwambiri pamayankho amakono.
Mayankho osinthira makonda amtundu wa PCB wamakono akukhala dalaivala waukadaulo mu gawo lamagetsi lamagalimoto ndi kapangidwe kake, kusankha zinthu zokhazikika, ukadaulo wokonza bwino, kuwongolera kokhazikika komanso kudzipereka pakuteteza chilengedwe. Zothetsera izi sizimangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha magalimoto, komanso zimalimbikitsa chitukuko chamakampani onse m'njira yobiriwira komanso yabwino.
Magalimoto PCB makonda ntchito ntchito
Motsogozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zamagetsi zamagalimoto, ntchito zamagalimoto za PCB (Printed Circuit Board) zikukhala zokondedwa zatsopano pamsika. Sizokhudzana ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito yamagetsi amkati agalimoto, komanso kugwirizana kofunikira pakuzindikira luntha ndi makonda agalimoto. Nkhaniyi ipereka kuwunika mozama kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zamagalimoto a PCB ndikuwunika momwe njirazi zimaperekera mphamvu zatsopano zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zamagetsi.
1. Kufufuza zofuna
The sitepe yoyamba mu magalimoto PCB makonda misonkhano ndi kumvetsa mozama zosowa kasitomala. Izi zikuphatikizapo kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane ndi kusanthula zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe a malo, bajeti yamtengo wapatali, ndi zina zotero za makina amagetsi a magalimoto. Kulondola kwa kusanthula kofunikira kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kupambana kapena kulephera kwa mapangidwe ndi kupanga kotsatira. Chifukwa chake, opereka chithandizo makonda ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chamsika komanso chidziwitso chaukadaulo.
2. Gawo la mapangidwe: kulinganiza pakati pa zatsopano ndi kudalirika
Kupanga ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri pazantchito makonda. Okonza akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuganiza kwatsopano ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo kuti apange mayankho a PCB omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito komanso zotsika mtengo komanso zothandiza pokwaniritsa zosowa zamakasitomala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, gawo lapangidwe limaphatikizapo kuyesa kudalirika ndi kutsimikizira chitetezo cha yankho kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala.
3. Kupanga ndi kuyesa kwa prototype: kusintha kuchokera ku lingaliro kupita ku bungwe
Prototyping ndi gawo lofunikira posintha zojambula kukhala zinthu zakuthupi. Pakadali pano, popanga ma prototypes a PCB m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikuyesa kuyesa mwamphamvu, zovuta pamapangidwewo zitha kupezedwa ndikuthetsedwa munthawi yake, ndikuyika maziko olimba a kupanga misa kotsatira.
4. Kupanga misa: kuwongolera molondola ndi kukhathamiritsa mtengo
Kulowa gawo lopanga misa, ntchito zamagalimoto za PCB zimafunikira kukhathamiritsa njira yopangira ndikuchepetsa mtengo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyang'anira mosamala zida zopangira, kusankha zinthu, kuyenda kwa njira, ndi zina zambiri kuti mukwaniritse zolinga ziwiri zakuchita bwino kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo.
5. Kuwongolera kwaubwino ndi ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pa malonda: kuwongolera kosalekeza ndi chisamaliro chamakasitomala
Gawo lomaliza la ntchito zamagalimoto za PCB ndikuwongolera bwino komanso ntchito zogulitsa pambuyo pake. Kupyolera mu kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe labwino, timaonetsetsa kuti gulu lililonse lazinthu likukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yabwino yogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa imatha kuyankha mwachangu pazosowa zamakasitomala ndikupereka chithandizo chosalekeza chaukadaulo ndikusintha kwazinthu.
Njira yamagalimoto ya PCB yosinthira makonda ndi unyolo wathunthu kuyambira kusanthula kofunikira mpaka ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pake. Sizimangowonetsa ukatswiri wamakampani opanga zamagetsi zamagalimoto, komanso zikuwonetsa kuzindikira kwakukulu pamayendedwe amsika. Pomwe ukadaulo ukupitilira kupita patsogolo komanso zofuna zamisika zikuchulukirachulukira, njirazi zipitilira kukonzedwa, kubweretsa mwayi wochulukirapo pantchito yamagetsi yamagalimoto.
Magalimoto PCB multilayer board kupanga luso
Masiku ano zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagalimoto, ukadaulo wopanga ma board a PCB multilayer wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri polimbikitsa chitukuko chamakampani. Ukadaulowu sumangokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo chagalimoto, komanso ndiwothandizira kwambiri pamayendedwe anzeru komanso magetsi amakono. Nkhaniyi idzayang'ana pazochitika zapadera za teknolojiyi ndikuwulula udindo wake wofunikira pakuwongolera kukhazikika, kudalirika ndi ntchito yonse yamakina amagetsi amagetsi.
一, mwachidule
Magalimoto PCB multilayer board kupanga luso limatanthawuza ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa osindikizira ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina apamagetsi apagalimoto. Ma matabwa ozungulirawa amakhala odzaza ndi zigawo zingapo zazinthu zosinthira (nthawi zambiri zamkuwa) ndi zida zotchingira (monga epoxy kapena fiberglass), ndi wosanjikiza uliwonse wolumikizidwa ndi vias. Ma board a multilayer agalimoto a PCB amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ofunikira monga makina osangalatsa agalimoto, makina oyendetsa, makina owongolera ma airbag, ndi makina oyang'anira injini.
二， Core teknoloji kusanthula
1. Kusankha kwazinthu ndi mawonekedwe: Kupanga ma board a multilayer agalimoto a PCB kumafuna kusankha zinthu zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi, kugwedezeka ndi dzimbiri lamankhwala. Magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi FR-4 (fiberglass reinforced epoxy resin) ndi zida zina zophatikizika kwambiri.
2. Mfundo za mapangidwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake: Zinthu monga kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, kayendetsedwe ka kutentha, ndi mphamvu zamakina ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga. Njira yoyendetserayi imaphatikizapo masitepe monga kupanga mkati mwa wosanjikiza, lamination, kubowola, electroplating, mankhwala pamwamba ndi kuyezetsa.
3. Ukadaulo wa Lamination ndi kuwongolera kwaubwino: Lamination ndi njira yolumikizira matabwa angapo osanjikiza limodzi kuti apange gulu lamitundu yambiri. Kuwongolera kolondola kwa kuthamanga ndi kutentha kumafunika kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwirizana bwino pakati pa zigawozo. Kuwongolera kwaubwino kumaphatikizapo kuyesa mphamvu zamagetsi, mawonekedwe ake komanso kuyenerera kwachilengedwe kwa matabwa omalizidwa.
3. Kusanthula kwaubwino wapadera
1. Kupititsa patsogolo kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza: Mapangidwe a bolodi ambiri amatha kuchepetsa bwino kusokoneza ndi crosstalk pa njira ya chizindikiro ndikuwongolera kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa kutumiza zizindikiro.
2. Konzani malo opangira malo ndikukwaniritsa kusakanikirana kwapamwamba: Mapulani amitundu yambiri amalola kuti zida zambiri zamagetsi ndi mabwalo azikonzedwa mu malo ochepa, zomwe zimathandiza kukwaniritsa kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa makina amagetsi amagetsi.
3. Sinthani kumadera ovuta ndikukulitsa kukhazikika: Ma board a PCB opangidwa mwapadera amagalimoto ambiri amatha kukhala osasunthika m'malo ovuta monga kutentha kwambiri, kutentha pang'ono, chinyezi ndi kugwedezeka.
4. Milandu yogwiritsira ntchito
1. Airbag control system: Kugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo amitundu yambiri kumatsimikizira kuti thumba la airbag litha kutumizidwa mwachangu komanso molondola pakagundana.
2. Njira yothandizira dalaivala yapamwamba (ADAS): Mapulani amitundu yambiri amapereka malo okwanira ndi maulumikizidwe odalirika kuti athandizire kukonza deta ndi kutumiza makamera, ma radar ndi masensa ena.
3. Njira yoyendetsera batire ya galimoto yamagetsi: Mu dongosolo ili, bolodi la multilayer liri ndi udindo wowunika momwe batire ilili, kuyang'anira njira yolipirira ndi kutulutsa ndikuteteza batire kuti isawonongeke.
5. Zovuta ndi Njira Zachitukuko
1. Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kukhazikika: Pamene malamulo oteteza chilengedwe akuchulukirachulukira, ukadaulo wopanga ma board amtundu wa PCB amafunikira kufunafuna zida zoteteza zachilengedwe komanso njira zopangira.
2. Kuwongolera mtengo ndi zosowa zatsopano: Kuchepetsa mtengo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zabwino ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe opanga amakumana nazo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukonzanso kosalekeza kumafunika kuti zikwaniritse zofuna za msika za ntchito zatsopano ndi ntchito zapamwamba.
3. Kubwereza kwaukadaulo ndi kusinthidwa kokhazikika kwamakampani: Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wamagalimoto amagetsi, ukadaulo wopanga ma board a multilayer PCB uyeneranso kusinthidwa mosalekeza kuti ugwirizane ndi miyezo yatsopano yamakampani ndi zosowa zamagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chithumwa chapadera chaukadaulo wamagalimoto a PCB multilayer board ndikuti umapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino, okhazikika komanso odalirika pamakina apamagetsi apagalimoto. Kuyambira pakusankha zida mpaka kuukadaulo wamapangidwe mpaka ukadaulo wapamwamba wopanga, sitepe iliyonse ikuwonetsa kufunafuna kosalekeza kwa mainjiniya pazatsopano zaukadaulo komanso zofunikira zowongolera bwino. Ngakhale pali zovuta zachitetezo cha chilengedwe, mtengo ndi zosintha zaukadaulo, ukadaulo uwu watsimikizira kufunika kwake polimbikitsa luntha komanso kuyika magetsi pamagalimoto.