1. Momwe mungathanirane ndi mikangano yamalingaliro mu mawaya enieni?
Kwenikweni, ndikoyenera kugawanitsa ndikupatula malo a analogi / digito. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chizindikiro cha chizindikiro sichiyenera kuwoloka moat momwe zingathere, ndipo njira yobwereranso yamagetsi ndi chizindikiro sichiyenera kukhala yaikulu kwambiri.
The crystal oscillator ndi analogi zabwino ndemanga oscillation dera. Kuti ikhale ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika cha oscillation, imayenera kukwaniritsa kupindula kwa loop ndi magawo ake. Ma oscillation a chizindikiro ichi cha analogi amasokonezeka mosavuta. Ngakhale zizindikiro za chitetezo chapansi ziwonjezedwa, kusokoneza sikungakhale kwapadera. Komanso, phokoso pa ndege pansi adzakhudzanso zabwino ndemanga oscillation dera ngati ali kutali kwambiri. Choncho, mtunda pakati pa kristalo oscillator ndi chip ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri.
Zowonadi, pali mikangano yambiri pakati pa ma waya othamanga kwambiri ndi zofunikira za EMI. Koma mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti kukana ndi capacitance kapena ferrite mkanda wowonjezeredwa ndi EMI sikungayambitse zizindikiro zina zamagetsi za siginecha kulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito luso pokonza kuda ndi PCB stacking kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa EMI mavuto, monga mkulu-liwiro zizindikiro kupita wosanjikiza wamkati. Pomaliza, ma capacitor otsutsa kapena ferrite bead amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chizindikiro.
2. Momwe mungathetsere kutsutsana pakati pa mawaya amanja ndi ma waya odziwikiratu azizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri?
Ambiri mwa routers basi amphamvu mawaya mapulogalamu akhazikitsa zopinga kulamulira mapiringidzo njira ndi chiwerengero cha vias. Kuthekera kwa injini yokhotakhota komanso kuyika zovuta zamakampani osiyanasiyana a EDA nthawi zina zimasiyana kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali zopinga zokwanira kuwongolera njira yokhotakhota ya njoka, ngati kuli kotheka kuwongolera kalozera wamitundu yosiyana, ndi zina zotere. Izi zitha kukhudza ngati njira yolowera yokhayo ingagwirizane ndi lingaliro la wopanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, vuto lakusintha mawaya pamanja limagwirizananso ndi kuthekera kwa injini yokhotakhota. Mwachitsanzo, kukankhira luso la kufufuza, kukankhira mphamvu ya kudzera, ndipo ngakhale kukankhira luso la kufufuza kwa ❖ kuyanika mkuwa, etc. Choncho, kusankha rauta ndi amphamvu mapiringidzo injini mphamvu ndi yankho.
3. Za coupon yoyeserera.
Kuponi koyeserera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ngati kulepheretsa kwa bolodi ya PCB yopangidwa kumakwaniritsa zofunikira ndi TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer). Nthawi zambiri, cholepheretsa kuti chiwongoleredwe chili ndi milandu iwiri: waya umodzi ndi awiri osiyana.
Choncho, m'lifupi mwa mzere ndi mzere wa mzere pa kuponi yoyesera (pamene pali awiri osiyana) ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi mzere woti uwongoleredwe. Chofunika kwambiri ndi malo a malo oyambira panthawi yoyezera.
Pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wa inductance wa kutsogolo kwa nthaka, malo oyambira a TDR probe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi nsonga ya probe. Choncho, mtunda ndi njira pakati pa chizindikiro choyezera chizindikiro ndi malo apansi pa coupon yoyesera Ayenera kufanana ndi kafukufuku wogwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Pamapangidwe othamanga kwambiri a PCB, gawo lopanda kanthu la chizindikirocho limatha kuphimbidwa ndi mkuwa, ndipo zokutira zamkuwa zamagawo angapo azigawo ziyenera kugawidwa bwanji pansi ndi magetsi?
Nthawi zambiri, plating yamkuwa pamalo opanda kanthu nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhazikika. Ingoyang'anani mtunda wapakati pa mkuwa ndi mzere wa chizindikiro pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa pafupi ndi mzere wothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa mkuwa wogwiritsidwa ntchito udzachepetsa kuchepetsa khalidwe la kufufuza pang'ono. Komanso samalani kuti musakhudze mawonekedwe a impedance ya zigawo zina, mwachitsanzo pamapangidwe a mzere wapawiri.
5. Kodi n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mzere wa microstrip kuti muwerengere kusokonezeka kwa mzere wa chizindikiro pa ndege yamagetsi? Kodi siginecha yapakati pa magetsi ndi ndege yapansi ingawerengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa stripline?
Inde, ndege yamagetsi ndi ndege yapansi iyenera kuwonedwa ngati ndege zowunikira powerengera zomwe zimalepheretsa. Mwachitsanzo, bolodi la zigawo zinayi: pamwamba-mphamvu yosanjikiza-pansi yosanjikiza-pansi. Panthawiyi, khalidwe la impedance lapamwamba ndi chitsanzo cha microstrip ndi ndege yamphamvu monga ndege yowonetsera.
6. Kodi mfundo zoyesera zitha kupangidwa zokha ndi mapulogalamu pama board osindikizidwa olimba kwambiri nthawi zonse kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zoyesa kupanga zinthu zambiri?
Nthawi zambiri, ngati pulogalamuyo imapanga zokha zoyeserera kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zoyezetsa zimadalira ngati zomwe zikuwonjezera zoyeserera zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za zida zoyesera. Kuonjezera apo, ngati mawaya ali owundana kwambiri ndipo malamulo owonjezera mfundo zoyesera ndi okhwima, sipangakhale njira yowonjezerapo mfundo zoyesera pamzere uliwonse. Inde, muyenera kudzaza pamanja malo oti muyesedwe.
7. Kodi kuwonjezera mfundo zoyesa kungakhudze khalidwe la zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri?
Kaya zidzakhudza khalidwe la chizindikiro zimadalira njira yowonjezerapo mfundo zoyesera komanso momwe chizindikirocho chimakhalira mofulumira. Kwenikweni, mfundo zowonjezera zoyesera (musagwiritse ntchito zomwe zilipo kudzera kapena pini ya DIP ngati mfundo zoyesa) zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa pamzere kapena kukoka mzere waufupi kuchokera pamzere.
Zakale ndizofanana ndi kuwonjezera capacitor yaing'ono pamzere, pamene chomaliza ndi nthambi yowonjezera. Zonse ziwirizi zidzakhudza chizindikiro chothamanga kwambiri kapena chocheperapo, ndipo kukula kwa zotsatira zake kumagwirizana ndi maulendo afupipafupi a chizindikiro ndi m'mphepete mwa chizindikiro. Ukulu wa chikokacho ukhoza kudziwika kupyolera mu kuyerekezera. M'malo mwake, malo oyesera ang'onoang'ono, abwino (ndithudi, ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chida choyesera) ndi yochepa nthambi, bwino.