HDI osawona komanso kukwiriridwa kudzera pamapangidwe a board board ndi njira yovuta yaukadaulo yamagetsi yomwe imaphatikizapo njira zingapo zofunika komanso malingaliro. HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera m'mapangidwe a board board amathandizira opanga kupanga zinthu zovuta komanso zapamwamba zamagetsi. Kupyolera mukhungu lolondola komanso lokwiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa, opanga amatha kukwaniritsa malingaliro apamwamba kwambiri ndikulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zamagetsi.
1. Dziwani zofunikira ndi zofunikira: Choyamba, zolinga zapangidwe ndi zofunikira ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino. Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga kukula kwa bolodi la dera, chiwerengero cha zigawo, chiwerengero ndi malo akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias, zovuta kugwirizana dera, etc. Izi zofunika makamaka amachokera opanga zipangizo zamagetsi kapena dongosolo integrators.
2. Sankhani mapulogalamu oyenera opangira: Mapangidwe amtunduwu amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera amagetsi. Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zofananira zozungulira komanso zoyeserera zomwe zingathandize opanga kutsanzira molondola magwiridwe antchito ndi machitidwe a ma board board.
3. Pangani masanjidwe a dera: Pambuyo pozindikira zofunikira ndi mafotokozedwe, chotsatira ndikuyendetsa masanjidwe adera. Izi zikuphatikizapo kudziwa malo a munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu, njira yolumikizira kuda, ndi malo akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias. Okonza ayenera kuganizira mozama zinthu izi kuti atsimikizire kuti bolodi ikugwira ntchito komanso yodalirika.
4. Design akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias: Akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias ndi mbali yofunika ya matabwa HDI dera. Okonza ayenera molondola kupeza malo, kukula ndi kuya kwa akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito akhungu apamwamba ndikukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo kuonetsetsa kuti mabowowo ali abwino komanso olondola.
5. Chitani zoyezera ndi kutsimikizira: Kukonzekera kukamalizidwa, kuyezetsa dera ndi kutsimikizira kuyenera kuchitika. Izi zitha kuthandiza okonza kuti awone kulondola ndi kuthekera kwa mapangidwewo ndikuzindikira ndikuwongolera zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kayeseleledwe ka dera, kusanthula kwamafuta, kusanthula mphamvu zamakina ndi zina.
6. Konzani ndi kukonza mapangidwe: Kutengera zotsatira za kuyerekezera ndi kutsimikizira, okonza angafunikire kukonza ndi kukonza mapangidwe. Izi zitha kuphatikiza kusintha mawonekedwe ozungulira, kukonza akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo, kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo, ndi zina.
7. Kuwunika komaliza ndi kuvomereza: Pambuyo pa kukhathamiritsa ndi kukonzanso zonse zatsirizidwa, kuwunikira komaliza ndi kuvomereza kumafunika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mgwirizano ndi kulumikizana m'madipatimenti angapo ndi magulu kuti atsimikizire kukhulupirika ndi kulondola kwa mapangidwewo.
HDI osawona komanso okwiriridwa kudzera pamapangidwe a board board ndizovuta komanso zovuta zomwe zimafunikira opanga kukhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri komanso chidziwitso chamakampani. Kupyolera mu mapangidwe olondola ndi kukhathamiritsa, ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera akhoza kuonetsetsa, kupereka chitsimikizo champhamvu kwa ntchito yachibadwa zida zamagetsi.
Ubwino wa HDI akhungu ndikukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira
HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera ndi ubwino zambiri zamakono zipangizo zamagetsi kupanga.
Sizimangolimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za miniaturization ndi zopepuka, komanso zimathandizira kufalikira kwa ma siginecha, kuyanjana kwamagetsi ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imachepetsanso ndalama, imapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino, komanso imalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale okhudzana nawo.
kuchepetsa mtengo:
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu
Pakupanga ma board board achikhalidwe, zinthu nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka chifukwa chazovuta za malo komanso zovuta zaukadaulo. HDI akhungu komanso kukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo, kudzera mu kapangidwe kake kapadera ndi njira zopangira, zimapangitsa kuti mabwalo ambiri ndi zigawo zikhazikitsidwe m'malo ophatikizana, motero kuwongolera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira.
2. Kuphweka kwa njira yopangira
luso Izi amakwaniritsa interconnection pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana ntchito akhungu ndi m'manda vias mkati gulu dera, motero kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha laminations. Kubowola kwachikale, kuwotcherera ndi njira zina kumachepetsedwa, zomwe sizimangochepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida zopangira, potero zimachepetsa ndalama zosamalira.
3. Sinthani khalidwe ndi kuchepetsa rework
Kulondola kwapamwamba komanso kukhazikika kwa HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera mwaukadaulo kumatsimikizira kuti matabwa ozungulira opangidwa ndi apamwamba kwambiri, motero amachepetsa kwambiri kukonzanso komanso kuchuluka kwa zinyalala, kupulumutsa makasitomala zinthu zambiri ndi ndalama.
Wonjezerani zokolola:
1. Kufupikitsa nthawi yopanga
Chifukwa cha kukhathamiritsa ndi kuphweka kwa njira yopangira, kupanga mapangidwe a matabwa ozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera mwaukadaulo kwafupikitsidwa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti opanga amatha kuyankha pakufuna kwa msika mwachangu ndikuwongolera nthawi yazinthu kuti agulitse, potero kukulitsa mpikisano wamsika.
2. Kuwonjezeka kwa automation
Ukadaulo uwu umapangitsa kupanga ndi kupanga ma board ozungulira kukhala okhazikika komanso okhazikika, omwe amathandizira kupanga makina. Kupanga zokha sikungowonjezera kupanga bwino, komanso kumachepetsa zolakwika za anthu ndikuwonetsetsanso kuti zinthu zili bwino.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zopanga
Mwa kukhathamiritsa njira zopangira ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zida, HDI akhungu komanso kukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo amapatsa opanga mphamvu zambiri zopanga, kuwalola kuti akwaniritse zomwe msika ukukula ndikukwaniritsa kukula kwabizinesi.
Ndi zabwino zake zambiri, HDI osawona komanso oikidwa m'manda kudzera pama board ozungulira amathandizira kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza bwino kupanga komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ogwirizana. Sikuti zimangowonjezera ntchito ndi khalidwe la zinthu zamagetsi, komanso zimalowetsa mphamvu zatsopano mu chitukuko chokhazikika cha mafakitale onse a zamagetsi.

HDI akhungu okwiriridwa kudzera m'magawo ogwiritsira ntchito bolodi
HDI akhungu anakwiriridwa dzenje dera bolodi ndi zapamwamba zamagetsi kupanga luso. Ndi ubwino wake wa ntchito mkulu, kudalirika mkulu ndi mkulu kachulukidwe mawaya mawaya, izo pang'onopang'ono kudutsa kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri zofunika. Zotsatirazi ndi minda yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito komanso tsatanetsatane wazinthu zoyambira.
M'munda wa zida zoyankhulirana, HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira amatenga gawo lofunikira. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha deta yayikulu ndi makompyuta amtambo, kukula kwa malo opangira deta kukukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa seva zikuchulukirachulukira. HDI akhungu ndi kuikidwa m'manda kudzera matabwa dera, ndi ntchito yawo wapamwamba magetsi ndi kukhazikika, akhoza kukwaniritsa gulu dera amafuna mkulu-liwiro, mkulu-kachulukidwe deta pakati maseva.
Pazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagalimoto, chifukwa malo ogwirira ntchito amagalimoto ndi ovuta kwambiri, matabwa ozungulira amayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi malo ovuta monga kutentha ndi chinyezi chambiri. HDI osawona komanso okwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira akhala chisankho chabwino pamakina apamagetsi apagalimoto chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwamagetsi komanso kukhazikika kwawo.
M'munda wa zida zachipatala, zofunikira za matabwa ozungulira ndizolimba. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachipatala kumafuna matabwa ozungulira olondola kwambiri komanso odalirika kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti zidazo zikuyenda bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zikuluzikulu monga masensa olondola kwambiri ndi ma processor azithunzi mu zida zoyezera zamankhwala zimafuna HDI osawona ndikukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira. Kuchita kwapamwamba komanso kukhazikika kwa bolodi laderali kumathandizira kulondola komanso kudalirika kwa zida zamankhwala, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakupita patsogolo kwamakampani azachipatala.
M'munda wamagetsi ogula, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi teknoloji, zinthu zikukula molunjika ku miniaturization ndi ntchito zapamwamba. Malo amkati a mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ma laputopu ndi zipangizo zina akukhala ochepa kwambiri, ndipo zofunikira za matabwa ozungulira zikukwera kwambiri. HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera akhala abwino kwa zipangizo zimenezi chifukwa cha kachulukidwe awo mkulu ndi kudalirika mkulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri monga zida zankhondo ndi zakuthambo. Zida m'magawowa zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pama board ozungulira, omwe amafunikira ma board ozungulira omwe amagwira ntchito bwino komanso okhazikika. Ndi ntchito yake yapamwamba komanso yodalirika kwambiri, HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera m'mabwalo ozungulira amapereka chithandizo champhamvu cha zipangizo m'madera awa ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale ankhondo ndi zamlengalenga.
HDI akhungu ndi kuikidwa m'manda kudzera matabwa dera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda apamwamba chatekinoloje monga zida zoyankhulirana, magetsi magalimoto, zipangizo zachipatala, ogula zamagetsi, zida zankhondo, ndege, etc., kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo luso ndi chitukuko chikhalidwe.

HDI osawona komanso kukwiriridwa kudzera pamapangidwe a board board ndi njira yovuta yaukadaulo yamagetsi yomwe imaphatikizapo njira zingapo zofunika komanso malingaliro. HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera m'mapangidwe a board board amathandizira opanga kupanga zinthu zovuta komanso zapamwamba zamagetsi. Kupyolera mukhungu lolondola komanso lokwiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa, opanga amatha kukwaniritsa malingaliro apamwamba kwambiri ndikulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zamagetsi.

1. Dziwani zofunikira ndi zofunikira: Choyamba, zolinga zapangidwe ndi zofunikira ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino. Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga kukula kwa bolodi la dera, chiwerengero cha zigawo, chiwerengero ndi malo akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias, zovuta kugwirizana dera, etc. Izi zofunika makamaka amachokera opanga zipangizo zamagetsi kapena dongosolo integrators.

2. Sankhani mapulogalamu oyenera opangira: Mapangidwe amtunduwu amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera amagetsi. Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zofananira zozungulira komanso zoyeserera zomwe zingathandize opanga kutsanzira molondola magwiridwe antchito ndi machitidwe a ma board board.

3. Pangani masanjidwe a dera: Pambuyo pozindikira zofunikira ndi mafotokozedwe, chotsatira ndikuyendetsa masanjidwe adera. Izi zikuphatikizapo kudziwa malo a munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu, njira yolumikizira kuda, ndi malo akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias. Okonza ayenera kuganizira mozama zinthu izi kuti atsimikizire kuti bolodi ikugwira ntchito komanso yodalirika.

4. Design akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias: Akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias ndi mbali yofunika ya matabwa HDI dera. Okonza ayenera molondola kupeza malo, kukula ndi kuya kwa akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa vias. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito akhungu apamwamba ndikukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo kuonetsetsa kuti mabowowo ali abwino komanso olondola.

5. Chitani zoyezera ndi kutsimikizira: Kukonzekera kukamalizidwa, kuyezetsa dera ndi kutsimikizira kuyenera kuchitika. Izi zitha kuthandiza okonza kuti awone kulondola ndi kuthekera kwa mapangidwewo ndikuzindikira ndikuwongolera zovuta zomwe zingachitike. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuyerekezera madera, kusanthula kwamafuta, kusanthula mphamvu zamakina ndi zina.

6. Konzani ndi kukonza mapangidwe: Kutengera zotsatira za kuyerekezera ndi kutsimikizira, okonza angafunikire kukonza ndi kukonza mapangidwe. Izi zitha kuphatikiza kusintha mawonekedwe ozungulira, kukonza akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo, kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo, ndi zina.

7. Kuwunika komaliza ndi kuvomereza: Pambuyo pa kukhathamiritsa ndi kukonzanso zonse zatsirizidwa, kuwunikira komaliza ndi kuvomereza kumafunika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mgwirizano ndi kulumikizana m'madipatimenti angapo ndi magulu kuti atsimikizire kukhulupirika ndi kulondola kwa mapangidwewo.

HDI osawona komanso okwiriridwa kudzera pamapangidwe a board board ndizovuta komanso zovuta zomwe zimafunikira opanga kukhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri komanso chidziwitso chamakampani. Kupyolera mu mapangidwe olondola ndi kukhathamiritsa, ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera akhoza kuonetsetsa, kupereka chitsimikizo champhamvu kwa ntchito yachibadwa zida zamagetsi.

Ubwino wa HDI akhungu ndikukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira

HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera ndi ubwino zambiri zamakono zipangizo zamagetsi kupanga.

Sizimangolimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za miniaturization ndi zopepuka, komanso zimathandizira kufalikira kwa ma siginecha, kuyanjana kwamagetsi ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imachepetsanso ndalama, imapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino, komanso imalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale okhudzana nawo.

kuchepetsa mtengo:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu

Pakupanga ma board board achikhalidwe, zinthu nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka chifukwa chazovuta za malo komanso zovuta zaukadaulo. HDI akhungu komanso kukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo, kudzera mu kapangidwe kake kapadera ndi njira zopangira, zimapangitsa kuti mabwalo ambiri ndi zigawo zikhazikitsidwe m'malo ophatikizana, motero kuwongolera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira.

2. Kuphweka kwa njira yopangira

luso Izi amakwaniritsa interconnection pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana ntchito akhungu ndi m'manda vias mkati gulu dera, motero kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha laminations. Kubowola kwachikale, kuwotcherera ndi njira zina kumachepetsedwa, zomwe sizimangochepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida zopangira, potero zimachepetsa ndalama zosamalira.

3. Sinthani khalidwe ndi kuchepetsa rework

Kulondola kwapamwamba komanso kukhazikika kwa HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera mwaukadaulo kumatsimikizira kuti matabwa ozungulira opangidwa ndi apamwamba kwambiri, motero amachepetsa kwambiri kukonzanso komanso kuchuluka kwa zinyalala, kupulumutsa makasitomala zinthu zambiri ndi ndalama.

Wonjezerani zokolola:

1. Kufupikitsa nthawi yopanga

Chifukwa cha kukhathamiritsa ndi kuphweka kwa njira yopangira, kupanga mapangidwe a matabwa ozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera mwaukadaulo kwafupikitsidwa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti opanga amatha kuyankha pakufuna kwa msika mwachangu ndikuwongolera nthawi yazinthu kuti agulitse, potero kukulitsa mpikisano wamsika.

2. Kuwonjezeka kwa automation

Ukadaulo uwu umapangitsa kupanga ndi kupanga ma board ozungulira kukhala okhazikika komanso okhazikika, omwe amathandizira kupanga makina. Kupanga zokha sikungowonjezera kupanga bwino, komanso kumachepetsa zolakwika za anthu ndikuwonetsetsanso kuti zinthu zili bwino.

3. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zopanga

Mwa kukhathamiritsa njira zopangira ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito zida, HDI akhungu komanso kukwiriridwa kudzera muukadaulo amapatsa opanga mphamvu zambiri zopanga, kuwalola kuti akwaniritse zomwe msika ukukula ndikukwaniritsa kukula kwabizinesi.

Ndi zabwino zake zambiri, HDI osawona komanso oikidwa m'manda kudzera pama board ozungulira amathandizira kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza bwino kupanga komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ogwirizana. Sikuti zimangowonjezera ntchito ndi khalidwe la zinthu zamagetsi, komanso zimalowetsa mphamvu zatsopano mu chitukuko chokhazikika cha mafakitale onse a zamagetsi.

HDI akhungu okwiriridwa kudzera m'magawo ogwiritsira ntchito bolodi

HDI akhungu anakwiriridwa dzenje dera bolodi ndi zapamwamba zamagetsi kupanga luso. Ndi ubwino wake wa ntchito mkulu, kudalirika mkulu ndi mkulu kachulukidwe mawaya mawaya, izo pang'onopang'ono kudutsa kupanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi. HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri zofunika. Zotsatirazi ndi minda yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito komanso tsatanetsatane wazinthu zoyambira.

M'munda wa zida zoyankhulirana, HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira amatenga gawo lofunikira. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha deta yayikulu ndi makompyuta amtambo, kukula kwa malo opangira deta kukukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa seva zikuchulukirachulukira. HDI akhungu ndi kuikidwa m'manda kudzera matabwa dera, ndi ntchito yawo wapamwamba magetsi ndi kukhazikika, akhoza kukwaniritsa gulu dera amafuna mkulu-liwiro, mkulu-kachulukidwe deta pakati maseva.

Pazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagalimoto, chifukwa malo ogwirira ntchito amagalimoto ndi ovuta kwambiri, matabwa ozungulira amayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi malo ovuta monga kutentha ndi chinyezi chambiri. HDI osawona komanso okwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira akhala chisankho chabwino pamakina apamagetsi apagalimoto chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwamagetsi komanso kukhazikika kwawo.

M'munda wa zida zachipatala, zofunikira za matabwa ozungulira ndizolimba. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachipatala kumafuna matabwa ozungulira olondola kwambiri komanso odalirika kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kuti zidazo zikuyenda bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zikuluzikulu monga masensa olondola kwambiri ndi ma processor azithunzi mu zida zoyezera zamankhwala zimafuna HDI osawona ndikukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira. Kuchita kwapamwamba komanso kukhazikika kwa bolodi laderali kumathandizira kulondola komanso kudalirika kwa zida zamankhwala, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakupita patsogolo kwamakampani azachipatala.

M'munda wamagetsi ogula, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi teknoloji, zinthu zikukula molunjika ku miniaturization ndi ntchito zapamwamba. Malo amkati a mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ma laputopu ndi zipangizo zina akukhala ochepa kwambiri, ndipo zofunikira za matabwa ozungulira zikukwera kwambiri. HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera matabwa dera akhala abwino kwa zipangizo zimenezi chifukwa cha kachulukidwe awo mkulu ndi kudalirika mkulu.

Kuphatikiza apo, HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera pama board ozungulira amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri monga zida zankhondo ndi zakuthambo. Zida m'magawowa zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pama board ozungulira, omwe amafunikira ma board ozungulira omwe amagwira ntchito bwino komanso okhazikika. Ndi ntchito yake yapamwamba komanso yodalirika kwambiri, HDI akhungu ndi kukwiriridwa kudzera m'mabwalo ozungulira amapereka chithandizo champhamvu cha zipangizo m'madera awa ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale ankhondo ndi zamlengalenga.

HDI akhungu ndi kuikidwa m'manda kudzera matabwa dera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda apamwamba chatekinoloje monga zida zoyankhulirana, magetsi magalimoto, zipangizo zachipatala, ogula zamagetsi, zida zankhondo, ndege, etc., kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo luso ndi chitukuko chikhalidwe.