Printed Circuit Board (PCB) ndi gawo lamagetsi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi zokhudzana nazo. PCB nthawi zina imatchedwa PWB (Printed Wire Board). Zinali zambiri ku Hong Kong ndi Japan kale, koma tsopano ndizochepa (kwenikweni, PCB ndi PWB ndizosiyana). M'mayiko a Kumadzulo ndi zigawo, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa PCB. Kum'mawa, ili ndi mayina osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mayiko ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, imatchedwa printed circuit board ku mainland China (omwe kale ankatchedwa printed circuit board), ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa PCB ku Taiwan. Ma board ozungulira amatchedwa magawo amagetsi (ozungulira) ku Japan ndi magawo ku South Korea.
PCB ndi chithandizo cha zigawo zamagetsi ndi chonyamulira cha kugwirizana magetsi zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagetsi, makamaka kuthandizira ndi interconnecting. Kuchokera kunja, wosanjikiza wakunja wa bolodi wozungulira amakhala ndi mitundu itatu: golide, siliva, ndi ofiira owala. Odziwika ndi mtengo: golide ndiye wokwera mtengo kwambiri, siliva ndi wachiwiri, ndipo wofiira wopepuka ndiye wotchipa kwambiri. Komabe, mawaya mkati mwa bolodi lozungulira amakhala makamaka mkuwa wangwiro, womwe umakhala wopanda mkuwa.
Akuti pali zitsulo zambiri zamtengo wapatali pa PCB. Akuti, pafupifupi, foni yanzeru iliyonse ili ndi golide wa 0.05g, siliva wa 0.26g, ndi mkuwa wa 12.6g. Golide wa laputopu ndi kuwirikiza ka 10 kuposa foni yam'manja!
Monga chithandizo chazigawo zamagetsi, ma PCB amafunikira zigawo za soldering pamtunda, ndipo gawo la mkuwa la mkuwa liyenera kuwululidwa kuti liziwombera. Zigawo zamkuwa zowonekerazi zimatchedwa pads. Mapadi nthawi zambiri amakhala amakona anayi kapena ozungulira okhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa chake, chigoba cha solder chikapakidwa utoto, mkuwa wokhawo pamapadiwo umawonekera mlengalenga.
Mkuwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu PCB umapangidwa mosavuta ndi okosijeni. Ngati mkuwa pa pad ndi oxidized, sizidzakhala zovuta kugulitsa, komanso resistivity idzawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri ntchito yomaliza. Choncho, pediyo imakutidwa ndi golide wachitsulo, kapena pamwamba pake imakutidwa ndi siliva wosanjikiza pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kapena filimu yapadera ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti iphimbe mkuwa kuti zisagwirizane ndi mpweya. Pewani makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndikuteteza pad, kuti athe kutsimikizira zokolola muzotsatira za soldering.
1. PCB yamkuwa atavala laminate
Copper clad laminate ndi zinthu zooneka ngati mbale zopangidwa ndi kuyika magalasi ulusi nsalu kapena zinthu zina zolimbitsa ndi utomoni mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ndi zojambula zamkuwa ndi kukanikiza otentha.
Tengani magalasi opangidwa ndi magalasi opangidwa ndi copper clad laminate monga chitsanzo. Zida zake zazikulu ndi zojambula zamkuwa, nsalu zamagalasi, ndi utomoni wa epoxy, womwe umakhala pafupifupi 32%, 29% ndi 26% ya mtengo wazinthu, motsatana.
Circuit board fakitale
Copper clad laminate ndiye maziko a matabwa ozungulira osindikizidwa, ndipo matabwa osindikizira ndi ofunika kwambiri pazinthu zambiri zamagetsi kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kwa dera. Ndi kuwongolera kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, ma laminate apadera apakompyuta amkuwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pangani mwachindunji zida zamagetsi zosindikizidwa. Makondakitala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabokosi osindikizidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala opangidwa ndi zojambulazo zopyapyala ngati mkuwa woyengedwa bwino, ndiko kuti, zojambulazo zamkuwa mwanjira yopapatiza.
2. PCB Kumiza Gold Circuit Board
Ngati golidi ndi mkuwa zikugwirizana mwachindunji, padzakhala kukhudzidwa kwa thupi la kusamuka kwa ma elekitironi ndi kufalikira (ubale pakati pa kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo), kotero kuti "nickel" wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala electroplated ngati chotchinga wosanjikiza, ndiyeno golide ndi electroplated pa. pamwamba pa faifi tambala, kotero ife timachitcha golide Electroplated, dzina lake lenileni ayenera kutchedwa "electroplated faifi tambala golide".
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa golide wolimba ndi golide wofewa ndiko kupanga kwa golide wotsiriza yemwe amakutidwapo. Mukayika golide, mutha kusankha electroplate golide weniweni kapena aloyi. Chifukwa kuuma kwa golide woyenga kumakhala kofewa, kumatchedwanso "golide wofewa" . Chifukwa "golide" amatha kupanga aloyi wabwino ndi "aluminium", COB idzafuna makamaka makulidwe a golide woyengedwa bwino popanga mawaya a aluminiyamu. Kuonjezera apo, ngati mumasankha electroplated golide-nickel aloyi kapena golide-cobalt aloyi, chifukwa aloyi adzakhala ovuta kuposa golide woyera, amatchedwanso "golide wolimba".
Circuit board fakitale
Chosanjikiza chopangidwa ndi golide chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapadi agawo, zala zagolide, ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira cha board board. Ma board a amayi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama foni am'manja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala matabwa okhala ndi golide, matabwa omizidwa ndi golide, ma boardboard apakompyuta, ma audio ndi ma board ang'onoang'ono a digito nthawi zambiri sakhala matabwa okhala ndi golide.
Golide ndi golide weniweni. Ngakhale ngati wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri wakutidwa, umakhala kale pafupifupi 10% ya mtengo wa board board. Kugwiritsa ntchito golide ngati plating wosanjikiza ndi imodzi yothandizira kuwotcherera ndi ina popewa dzimbiri. Ngakhale chala chagolide cha memory stick chomwe chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo chikugwedezekabe ngati kale. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, aluminiyamu, kapena chitsulo, imatha dzimbiri mwachangu kukhala mulu wa zidutswa. Kuonjezera apo, mtengo wa mbale yopangidwa ndi golide ndi yokwera kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yowotcherera imakhala yochepa. Chifukwa makina opangira nickel opanda electroless amagwiritsidwa ntchito, vuto la ma disks akuda likhoza kuchitika. Fayilo ya nickel idzakhala oxidize pakapita nthawi, ndipo kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhalanso vuto.
3. PCB Kumiza Silver Circuit Board
Kumiza Siliva ndikotsika mtengo kuposa Immersion Gold. Ngati PCB ili ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito ndipo ikufunika kuchepetsa ndalama, Kumiza Siliva ndi chisankho chabwino; kuphatikizidwa ndi kusalala kwabwino kwa Immersion Silver ndi kulumikizana, ndiye kuti njira ya Immersion Silver iyenera kusankhidwa.
Immersion Silver ili ndi ntchito zambiri pazolumikizirana, magalimoto, ndi zotumphukira zamakompyuta, ndipo ilinso ndi mapulogalamu pamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri. Popeza Immersion Silver ili ndi magetsi abwino omwe mankhwala ena apamtunda sangafanane, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri. EMS imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya siliva yomiza chifukwa ndiyosavuta kusonkhanitsa ndipo imakhala yowoneka bwino. Komabe, chifukwa cha zolakwika monga kuwononga ndi solder joint voids, kukula kwa siliva womiza kwakhala pang'onopang'ono (koma sikunachedwe).
kulitsa
The kusindikizidwa dera bolodi ntchito ngati chonyamulira kugwirizana Integrated pakompyuta zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndipo khalidwe la bwalo dera adzakhudza mwachindunji ntchito wanzeru zida zamagetsi. Pakati pawo, khalidwe la plating la matabwa osindikizidwa ndilofunika kwambiri. Electroplating imatha kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo, solderability, conductivity ndi kuvala kukana kwa board board. Popanga matabwa osindikizidwa, electroplating ndi sitepe yofunikira. Ubwino wa electroplating umagwirizana ndi kupambana kapena kulephera kwa njira yonse komanso magwiridwe antchito a board board.
Waukulu electroplating njira pcb ndi mkuwa plating, malata plating, faifi tambala plating, golide plating ndi zina zotero. Copper electroplating ndiye plating yoyambira yolumikizira magetsi pama board ozungulira; malata electroplating ndi chikhalidwe chofunika kupanga mabwalo mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane monga wosanjikiza odana dzimbiri mu processing chitsanzo; nickel electroplating ndi electroplate ndi nickel chotchinga wosanjikiza pa bolodi dera kuteteza mkuwa ndi golide Mutual dialysis; electroplating golide amalepheretsa passivation wa nickel pamwamba kukumana ntchito soldering ndi dzimbiri kukana kwa bolodi dera.