Pano, mikhalidwe inayi yoyambirira ya mabwalo a radio frequalic idzatanthauziridwa kuchokera ku magawo anayi: mawonekedwe a radiomer, omwe amafunikira kulowererapo, komanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera mu pcb kapangidwe kake kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka PCB kumaperekedwa.

Mawonekedwe a radio pafupipafupi ya ma radiory a radio pafupipafupi

Wolandila wopanda zingwe ndi wolandila amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: base pafupipafupi ndi wailesi. Kukhazikika pafupipafupi kumaphatikizanso mitundu yolowera yolowera pakompyuta ndi mitundu yonse ya zotulutsa zomwe wolandila. Ndege yaukadaulo yoyambira imatsimikizira kuchuluka kofunikira komwe deta imayendera m'dongosolo. Kuchuluka kwa maziko amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kudalirika kwa kusakhazikika kwa data ndikuchepetsa katundu wokhazikitsidwa ndi wotumiza panjira yotumiza deta. Chifukwa chake, sizachidziwitso chambiri chakugwirira ntchito kumafunikira posankha dera lofunikira pa PCB. Kuzungulira kwa ma radio pafupipafupi kumatha kutembenuka ndikusintha njira yokonzedwa ku njira yosankhidwa, ndikusankha chizindikiro ichi mu sing'anga yotumiza. M'malo mwake, mdera la radio wailesi ya wolandirayo amatha kupeza chizindikiro kuchokera pa sing'anga, ndikusintha ndikuchepetsa pafupipafupi ku maziko a maziko a maziko.
Kutumiza ndalama kumakhala ndi zolinga ziwiri za PCB: woyamba ndikuti ayenera kufalitsa mphamvu inayake pomwe ikuwononga mphamvu zochepa zomwe zingatheke. Lachiwiri ndikuti sangathe kusokoneza ntchito yokhazikika ya ma tracefeents omwe amayandikana nawo. Momwe momwe wolandirayo akukhudzira, pali zolinga zitatu za PCB: Choyamba, ayenera kubwezeretsa zizindikiro zazing'ono; Chachiwiri, ayenera kuchotsa zizindikiro zovuta kunja kwa njira yomwe mukufuna; Ndipo chomaliza, monga chomasulira, iwo ayenera kudya mphamvu zazing'ono kwambiri.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha ma radiory a radio pafupipafupi

Wolandirayo ayenera kukhala womvera kwambiri, ngakhale pakakhala malo akuluakulu osokoneza bongo (zonena). Izi zimachitika mukamayesa kulandira chizindikiro chofooka kapena champhamvu kwambiri, ndipo kufalitsa kwamphamvu pafupi ndikofalitsa njira yoyanditsira. Chizindikiro cholowererapo chitha kukhala 60 mpaka 70 chokulirapo kuposa chizindikiro choyembekezeredwa, ndipo cholandirika chimatha kupanga gawo la olandila, kapena kuti wolandila amatha kutulutsa phokoso kwambiri pakubweza ma sign. Ngati wolandirayo amayendetsedwa kudera lomwe siligwirizana ndi gwero la gawo lomwe lidzalowerera, mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa adzachitika. Popewa mavutowa, kumapeto kwa wolandirayo kuyenera kukhala mzere.
Chifukwa chake, "chomera" chimangoganiziranso kuti pa PCB kapangidwe ka wolandila. Popeza wolandirayo ndi gawo lopapatiza, osagwirizana ndi kuyeza "kuwononga koopsa". Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde awiri a sine kapena mafunde a cosine okhala ndi maulendo ofananira ndipo ili mu gulu la pakati kuti apatse chizindikiro, kenako ndikuyesani zomwe zimagulitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, zonunkhira ndi mapulogalamu othamanga nthawi ndi ndalama, chifukwa amayenera kuwerengera kwambiri kuti amvetsetse zomwe zikuyenera kumvetsetsa.

Chizindikiro chochepa choyembekezeredwa mu RF

Wolandirayo ayenera kukhala womvera kuti azindikire zizindikiro zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu zoyambitsa zomwe wolandirayo zimatha kukhala zazing'ono monga 1 μV. Kumverera kwa wolandirayo kumangokhala ndi phokoso lopangidwa ndi gawo lawo. Chifukwa chake, phokoso ndilofunika kuganizira kwambiri za kapangidwe ka PCB ya wolandirayo. Komanso, kuthekera kolosera phokoso ndi zida zosinthira ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chithunzi 1 ndi wolandila wapamwamba kwambiri. Chizindikiro cholandilidwa chimakhala chosasefedwa choyamba, kenako chizindikirocho chimakonzedwa chimakulitsidwa ndi phokoso lotsika (LNA). Kenako gwiritsani ntchito yoyamba ya Oscillator (Lo) kusakaniza ndi chizindikiro ichi kuti asinthe chizindikiro ichi mu pafupipafupi (ngati). Kuchita phokoso kwa madera akumapeto kwambiri makamaka kumadalira lna, chosakanizira ndikuwona. Ngakhale kusanthula kwazikhalidwe kwachikhalidwe kumatha kupeza phokoso la LNA, silingakhale zopanda bangasi ndikuwona, chifukwa phokoso lomwe lili mu zotchinga lidzakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chizindikiro chachikulu.
Chizindikiro chaching'ono chimafuna wolandila kuti akhale ndi ntchito yowonjezera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunika phindu la 120 DB. Ndi phindu lalikulu lotere, chizindikiro chilichonse cholumikizidwacho chimatha kubwereranso kumatha. Chifukwa chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito zomangamanga zapamwamba zaposachedwa ndikuti zitha kugawa zopeza m'magulu angapo kuti muchepetse mwayi wophatikizira. Izi zimapangitsanso pafupipafupi kwa Lor Woyambayo kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku pafupipafupi chizindikiro cholowera, chomwe chingalepheretse kulowerera kwakukulu kochokera ku "kudetsedwa" ku zikwangwani zazing'ono.
Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, machitidwe ena opanda zingwe, kutembenuka kwalamulo kapena kapangidwe ka Homeyne kumatha m'malo omangika superherneyne. Mu mamangidwe awa, chizindikiro cha RF chikusinthidwa mwachindunji ndi pafupipafupi mu gawo limodzi. Chifukwa chake, zambiri zabwino zimakhala pafupipafupi, ndipo pafupipafupi chizindikiro ndi chizindikiro ndizofanana. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu yophatikizika yochepera iyenera kumvedwa, ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro cha "chosokera" kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa, monga: Pitani kunja kwa ma pion, ndi ma waya omangira pakati pa kulumikizana.

Zogwirizana ndi Channel

Kufalikira kumathandizanso gawo lofunikira potumiza. Osakhala osagwirizana omwe amapangidwa ndi transmitter kumapeto kgiriki yotulutsa ikhoza kufalitsa bandwidth ya chizindikiro chopatsirana cholumikizidwa. Izi zimatchedwa "regrawffilthththth". Chizindikiro chisanafike ku Exokiliers (Pa), gulu lake lokhala ndi bandwidth yake ndi yochepa; Koma "kuwononga kosanja" mu mtunda kumapangitsa kuti bandwidth kuti awonjezerenso. Ngati bandwidth imachulukitsidwa kwambiri, kufatsa sikungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za njira zake zapadera. Pakutumiza zizindikiro zosinthidwa mosavomerezeka, makamaka, zonunkhira sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulosera kukula kwa mawonekedwe. Chifukwa kutumiza kwa zizindikiro za 1,000 (chizindikiro) kuyenera kuti chitsimikizidwe chopeza mawonekedwe oyimilirawo, ndipo mafunde onyamula oyendetsa akonzekeseke ayenera kuphatikizidwa, omwe angapangitse spice epices yosatheka.