Kodi kudalirika ndi chiyani?

Kudalirika kumatanthawuza "odalirika" ndi "odalirika", ndipo amatanthauza kuthekera kwa chinthu kuchita ntchito yodziwika bwino komanso mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika. Pazinthu zogulitsira, kudalirika kwapamwamba, kumapangitsanso chitsimikizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kudalirika kwa PCB kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa "bolodi lopanda kanthu" kuti likwaniritse zofunikira za msonkhano wotsatira wa PCBA, ndi pansi pa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito, zimatha kukhalabe ndi ntchito zogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi inayake.

Kodi kudalirika kumakula bwanji kukhala chikhalidwe cha anthu?

M'zaka za m'ma 1950, pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya ku Korea, 50% ya zipangizo zamagetsi za US zinalephera panthawi yosungira, ndipo 60% ya zipangizo zamagetsi zoyendetsa ndege sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito atatumizidwa ku Far East. Dziko la United States lapeza kuti zida zamagetsi zosadalirika zimasokoneza momwe nkhondo ikupitira patsogolo, ndipo pafupifupi mtengo wokonza pachaka ndi wowirikiza kawiri mtengo wa kugula zida.

Mu 1949, American Institute of Radio Engineers inakhazikitsa bungwe loyamba lodalirika la maphunziro-Reliability Technology Group. Mu December 1950, United States inakhazikitsa Komiti Yapadera ya "Electronic Equipment Reliability Special Committee". Asilikali, makampani opanga zida ndi maphunziro adayamba kulowererapo pakufufuza kodalirika. Pofika m’March 1952, inali itapereka malingaliro ofika patali; zotsatira zafukufuku ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba Muzamlengalenga, asilikali, zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena ankhondo, pang'onopang'ono anakula mpaka mafakitale a anthu wamba.

M'zaka za m'ma 1960, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha makampani opanga ndege, mapangidwe odalirika ndi njira zoyesera zinavomerezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku machitidwe a avionics, ndipo umisiri wodalirika wakula mofulumira! Mu 1965, United States idatulutsa "Zofunikira za System and Equipment Reliability Outline Requirements". Ntchito zaumisiri wodalirika zidaphatikizidwa ndi mapangidwe achikhalidwe, chitukuko, ndi kupanga kuti apeze zabwino. ROHM Aviation Development Center idakhazikitsa malo owunikira odalirika, omwe adachita kafukufuku wodalirika wamagetsi ndi ma electromechanical, zida zamakina ndi zida zamagetsi zokhudzana ndi zida zamagetsi, kuphatikiza kuneneratu kudalirika, kugawika kodalirika, kuyezetsa kudalirika, kudalirika kwafizikiki, ndi kudalirika Kusonkhanitsa deta pakugonana, kusanthula. , ndi zina.

M'katikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1970, vuto la kayendedwe ka moyo wa zida zankhondo zaku US linali lodziwika bwino. Anthu adazindikira kwambiri kuti uinjiniya wodalirika ndi chida chofunikira chochepetsera moyo. Mafakitole odalirika apangidwa mowonjezereka, ndipo apangidwa okhwima, olondola, ndi ogwira mtima kwambiri. Ndipo njira zoyesera zakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zikuyendetsa kukula kwachangu kwa kafukufuku wolephera komanso njira zowunikira.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990, uinjiniya wodalirika wakula kuchokera kumakampani ankhondo kupita kumakampani azidziwitso apakompyuta, mayendedwe, ntchito, mphamvu ndi mafakitale ena, kuyambira akatswiri mpaka "makampani wamba". Dongosolo la ISO 9001 kasamalidwe kabwino limaphatikizapo kasamalidwe kodalirika monga gawo lofunikira pakuwunikiranso, ndipo miyezo yaukadaulo yokhudzana ndi kudalirika yaphatikizidwa muzolemba zamadongosolo a kasamalidwe kabwino, kukhala gawo loyang'anira "muyenera kuchita".

Masiku ano, kasamalidwe kodalirika kwavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi anthu azikhalidwe zonse, ndipo nzeru zamabizinesi akampani nthawi zambiri zasintha kuchokera pakale "Ndikufuna kulabadira kudalirika kwazinthu" mpaka pano "Ndikufuna kulabadira kudalirika kwazinthu. ”!

N’chifukwa chiyani kudalirika kuli kofunika kwambiri?

Mu 1986, chombo cha mumlengalenga cha ku United States cha “Challenger” chinaphulika masekondi 76 chinyamuke, kupha openda zakuthambo 7 ndi kutaya $1.3 biliyoni. Chomwe chinayambitsa ngoziyi chinali chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chisindikizo!

M'zaka za m'ma 1990, United States UL idatulutsa chikalata chonena kuti ma PCB opangidwa ku China adayambitsa moto wa zida ndi zida zambiri ku United States. Chifukwa chake ndikuti mafakitale aku China a PCB adagwiritsa ntchito mbale zomwe sizimayaka moto, koma zidalembedwa ndi UL.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero boma, PCBA a chipukuta misozi chifukwa kudalirika zolephera nkhani zoposa 90% ya ndalama kulephera kunja!

Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa GE, kwa zida zogwirira ntchito mosalekeza monga mphamvu, zoyendera, migodi, kulumikizana, kuwongolera mafakitale, ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, ngakhale kudalirika kukuwonjezeka ndi 1%, mtengo wake ukuwonjezeka ndi 10%. PCBA ili ndi kudalirika kwakukulu, ndalama zosamalira ndi kutayika kwa nthawi yopuma zimatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo katundu ndi chitetezo cha moyo ndizotsimikizika!

Masiku ano, kuyang'ana padziko lonse lapansi, mpikisano wamayiko ndi mayiko wasintha kukhala mpikisano wamakampani ndi mabizinesi. Ukatswiri wodalirika ndiye poyambira makampani kuti apange mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso ndi chida chamatsenga kuti makampani awonekere pamsika womwe ukukulirakulira.