Luntha ndi njira zowunikira PCB: yang'anani, mvetserani, kununkhiza, kukhudza…

1. Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeserera kuti zikhudze TV yamoyo, zomvera, makanema ndi zida zina zapansi kuti muyese bolodi la PCB popanda chosinthira chodzipatula.

Ndizoletsedwa kuyesa mwachindunji TV, zomvera, makanema ndi zida zina popanda chosinthira mphamvu chodzipatula chokhala ndi zida ndi zida zokhala ndi zipolopolo zokhazikika. Ngakhale ma wailesi ndi makaseti ojambulira ali ndi chosinthira mphamvu, mukakumana ndi zida zapadera za TV kapena zomvera, makamaka mphamvu yotulutsa kapena mtundu wamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, choyamba muyenera kudziwa ngati chassis yamakina ndi kulipiritsa, mwinamwake ndizosavuta kwambiri TV, zomvetsera ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimayimbidwa ndi mbale yapansi zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azikhala ochepa, omwe amakhudza dera lophatikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholakwikacho chiwonjezeke.

2. Samalani ndi ntchito yotchinjiriza ya chitsulo chosungunuka poyesa bolodi la PCB

Sizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha soldering kuti chiwotchedwe ndi mphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti chitsulo cha soldering sichinaperekedwe. Ndi bwino kupukuta chipolopolo cha chitsulo chosungunuka. Samalani kwambiri ndi dera la MOS. Ndikotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chotsika kwambiri cha 6 ~ 8V.

3. Dziwani mfundo ntchito ya madera Integrated ndi madera okhudzana pamaso kuyesa matabwa PCB

Musanayang'ane ndikukonza dera lophatikizika, muyenera kudziwa kaye ntchito ya dera lophatikizika lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito, dera lamkati, magawo akulu amagetsi, gawo la pini iliyonse, ndi mphamvu ya pini, mawonekedwe a waveform ndi magwiridwe antchito. mfundo ya dera lopangidwa ndi zigawo zotumphukira. Ngati zomwe zili pamwambazi zakwaniritsidwa, kusanthula ndi kuyang'ana kudzakhala kosavuta.

4. Osayambitsa mabwalo amfupi pakati pa zikhomo poyesa PCB

Mukayesa voteji kapena kuyesa mawonekedwe a waveform ndi probe ya oscilloscope, musapangitse kuzungulira kwakanthawi pakati pa mapini a dera lophatikizika chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa mayendedwe oyesa kapena ma probes. Ndi bwino kuyeza pa zotumphukira kusindikizidwa dera mwachindunji kulumikiza zikhomo. Kuzungulira kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kuwononga dera lophatikizika mosavuta, chifukwa chake samalani poyesa gawo lophatikizika la CMOS.

5. Kukana kwamkati kwa chipangizo choyesera cha bolodi cha PCB kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu

Poyezera mphamvu ya DC ya zikhomo za IC, multimeter yokhala ndi kukana kwamkati kwa mutu wa mita wamkulu kuposa 20KΩ/V iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, apo ayi padzakhala cholakwika chachikulu cha voteji ya pini zina.

6. Samalani kutentha kwa mabwalo ophatikizika amagetsi poyesa matabwa a PCB

Dongosolo lophatikizika lamphamvu liyenera kutaya kutentha bwino, ndipo sililoledwa kugwira ntchito pansi pa mphamvu yayikulu popanda kutentha kwa kutentha.

7. Waya wotsogolera wa bolodi la PCB uyenera kukhala wololera

Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera zigawo zakunja kuti m'malo kuonongeka mbali ya dera Integrated, zigawo zing'onozing'ono ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mawaya ayenera kukhala wololera kupewa zosafunika parasitic lumikiza, makamaka grounding pakati Audio mphamvu amplifier Integrated dera ndi preamplifier dera mapeto. .

8. Chongani PCB bolodi kuonetsetsa kuwotcherera khalidwe

Pamene soldering, solder imakhala yolimba, ndipo kudzikundikira kwa solder ndi pores mosavuta kumayambitsa soldering zabodza. Nthawi yowotchera nthawi zambiri imakhala yosapitilira masekondi atatu, ndipo mphamvu yachitsulo chogulitsira iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 25W ndikutentha kwamkati. Dera lophatikizidwa lomwe lagulitsidwa liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ohmmeter kuyeza ngati pali dera lalifupi pakati pa zikhomo, kutsimikizira kuti palibe solder adhesion, ndiyeno kuyatsa mphamvu.
9. Osazindikira mosavuta kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizika poyesa bolodi la PCB

Musaweruze kuti dera lophatikizidwa likuwonongeka mosavuta. Chifukwa mabwalo ambiri ophatikizika amalumikizidwa mwachindunji, dera likakhala lachilendo, lingayambitse kusintha kwamagetsi kangapo, ndipo zosinthazi sizimayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizika. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, voteji yoyezera ya pini iliyonse imakhala yosiyana ndi yanthawi zonse Zikafanana kapena zayandikira, sizingatanthauze nthawi zonse kuti dera lophatikizika ndilabwino. Chifukwa zolakwika zina zofewa sizingayambitse kusintha kwa magetsi a DC.

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PCB board debugging njira

Pakuti latsopano PCB bolodi amene wangotengedwa mmbuyo, choyamba tiyenera pafupifupi kuona ngati pali mavuto pa bolodi, monga ngati pali ming'alu zoonekeratu, mabwalo lalifupi, mabwalo lotseguka, etc. Ngati n'koyenera, fufuzani ngati kukana pakati. magetsi ndi nthaka ndi yaikulu mokwanira.

Kwa bolodi yozungulira yomwe yangopangidwa kumene, kukonza zolakwika nthawi zambiri kumakumana ndi zovuta, makamaka ngati bolodi ili lalikulu komanso pali zigawo zambiri, nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kuyamba. Koma ngati mudziwa njira zingapo zochepetsera zolakwika, kukonza zolakwika kudzapeza zotsatira zake kawiri ndi theka lakuyesetsa.

Njira zothetsera PCB board:

1. Kwa bolodi yatsopano ya PCB yomwe yangobwezedwa kumene, choyamba tiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa ngati pali mavuto pa bolodi, monga ngati pali ming'alu yoonekera, mabwalo afupikitsa, mabwalo otseguka, ndi zina zotero. Ngati kuli kotheka, mukhoza kufufuza. kaya kukana pakati pa magetsi ndi nthaka ndi yaikulu mokwanira.

2. Kenako zigawozo zimayikidwa. Ma module odziyimira pawokha, ngati simukutsimikiza kuti akugwira ntchito bwino, ndibwino kuti musawayikire onse, koma ikani gawo ndi gawo (kwa mabwalo ang'onoang'ono, mutha kuwayika onse nthawi imodzi), kotero kuti ndizosavuta kudziwa. mtundu wa zolakwika. Mukakumana ndi mavuto, simungayambe.

Nthawi zambiri, mutha kukhazikitsa magetsi kaye, ndiyeno kuyatsa kuti muwone ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndiyabwinobwino. Ngati mulibe chidaliro chochuluka mukamayatsa (ngakhale mukutsimikiza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere fusesi, ngati zitachitika), ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osinthika omwe ali ndi malire omwe alipo.

Konzekerani kaye chitetezo chopitilira muyeso choyamba, kenako onjezerani pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa magetsi oyendetsedwa, ndikuwunika momwe akulowera, magetsi olowera ndi voteji. Ngati palibe chitetezo chowonjezereka ndi mavuto ena panthawi yowonjezereka, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yafika bwino, magetsi ali bwino. Apo ayi, chotsani magetsi, pezani malo olakwika, ndikubwereza masitepe omwe ali pamwambawa mpaka magetsi ali abwinobwino.

3. Kenako, ikani ma module ena pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi iliyonse module ikayikidwa, yatsani ndikuyesa. Mukayatsa, tsatirani njira zomwe zili pamwambazi kuti mupewe kuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha zolakwika zamapangidwe ndi/kapena zolakwika pakuyika ndikuwotcha zida.